By: WEST, KISSY, DANIELLE

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Racial and Political Intolerance in the 1920s.

• By WEST, KISSY, DANIELLE ZACK ?

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Red Scare KKK Monkey Trial Vanishing Americans
Main Idea
Important Facts (Dates/ People)
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Immigration

• Nearly 9 million people immigrated to the US from
  1901-1910
• Immigrants were mostly Jews, Eastern Europeans,
  and Italians. They were looked down on by more
  established immigrants like Germans and Irish.

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Red Scare

• After the Bolshevik Revolution, Americans feared
  immigrants would bring radical ideas to America
• In 1919 400,000 workers went on strike, which at
  the time was seen as a sign of Communist
  influence
• American suspicions were not entirely false, as
  Anarchists did distribute pamphlets, and bombs
  went off in multiple cities.

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Sacco and Vanzetti

• Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were
  arrested for armed robbery and murder in 1920.
• During their trial, it was discovered they were
  anarchists. The trial became more about their
  radical beliefs than their crimes
• They were convicted based on weak evidence and
  executed in 1927.

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Sacco and Vanzetti
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Questions

• What effect did immigration have on the Red
  Scare?
• Why were Palmers purges initially so popular?
• What does the Sacco and Vanzetti trial show about
  prejudices in the 1920s?

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Immigration Quotas

• In 1924 because of the fear of radicals the
  government restricted immigration.
• They created a system that primarily only let
  immigrants from north-west Europe(British, Irish,
  German) in to the U.S.
• Before more than a million immigrants a year wer
  coming in the U.S. between 1901 and 1910 and by
  1929 only 150,000 per year were coming into the
  U.S.

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The Experience of black Americans

• The first black people were brought to America as
  slaves by white settlers in the seventeenth
  century.
• When slavery was ended in the nineteenth century
  there was more black than white people in the
  southern United States.
• The whites feared that the blacks would gain
  power so they placed many laws restricting their
  freedom such as they couldnt vote, denied access
  to good jobs, and good education.

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The Ku Klux Klan

• They were a white supremacy movement.
• Used violence to intimidate black Americans.
• Was declining in numbers until the film The Birth
  of a Nation was released in 1915.
• The film showed the KKK as being good and
  defending decent American values against renegade
  black people and corrupt white businessmen.
• President Wilson supported the movie by saying
  how true it all was which led to political
  figures in the klan.
• After the KKK started to grow again blacks faced
  fierce racism and were lynched without trial if
  suspected of a crime.
• Soon most blacks left the rural south and went to
  the big cities of the north.

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Klan meeting of the KKK
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Questions

• Which part of Europe did the U.S. allow into the
  country as immigrants?
• What was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan?

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Mitchell Palmer

• In 1919, one of these bombs almost killed
  Mitchell Palmer, the US Attorney General.
• Palmer then appointed J Edgar Hoover to handle
  purges.
• From 1919-1920, Hoover notified 10,000 supposed
  radicals that they would be deported.
• Palmer saw his purges were popular, and tried to
  build popularity to run for president. However,
  it was discovered that only 556 of Hoovers cases
  had any fact to them.

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Improvements on black society

• Growing Black middle class in the north
• Better chance of jobs and education in north
  (Howard University)
• Black Capitalist Movement
• Harlem Renaissance celebration of music and
  creativity in black society.
• Blacks entered Politics WEB DuBois founder of
  NAACP, campaigned to end racial segregation laws.
  Marcus Garvey UNIA, urged blacks to be proud of
  their race.

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Improvements of black society
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Problems with Black Society

• Blacks lived in poverty in the north. Poorer
  housing with higher rent.
• Suffered prejudice from whites.
• Poorer education than whites.
• Blacks migrants from south were blamed by middle
  class black in the north for intensifying white
  racism.

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Questions

• What was celebrated at the Harlem Renaissance?
• Who was the founder of the Universal Negro
  Improvement Association (UNIA)?

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Vanishing Native Americans

• Almost disappeared as an ethic group in the 19th
  century- 1.5 million to 250,000 in the 1920s
• Those who survived were forced to leave their
  traditional way of life and live on reservations

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Vanishing Native Americans
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Vanishing Americans

• 12 thousand had served in the armed forces in
  World War One.
• Changed white attitudes towards them for the
  better
• However, the census in 1920 and a survey proved
  that Native Americans were living in poverty
• They had lower life expectancy, bad health,
  poorer education and poorer paid jobs.

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Continue

• Native Americans were extremely discriminated
  against. They were loosing land quickly
• Mining companies were legally able to seize their
  land. Others gave up on trying to live their way
  of life traditionally, giving land to others in
  search of other jobs.
• 1924 they were given citizenship and were able
  to vote.
• 1934- New Deal introduced reforms to laws
  relating to Native Americans

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Monkey Trial

• Focus of ill-feeling between the rural and urban
  areas of the United States rural areas were
  completely religious, urban areas believed
  Darwins theory of evolution
• Rural areas were Protestants and were
  Fundamentalists- led by William Jennings Bryan
• Urban areas taught Darwins theory to the children

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Monkey Trial

• Bryan passed a law forbidding schools to teach
  Darwins theory in six states.
• John Scopes deliberately broke this law to be
  arrested and put a case up against fundamentalism
  in the court system.
• In July 1925 both sides had good lawyers and went
  to court in Tennessee. Traditionalists joined the
  battle
• Scopes was convicted of breaking the law but
  Bryan was proved to be ignorant and confused
  about religion and science- anti-evolution lobby
  never recovered.

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Monkey Trial
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Review

• Why were Native Americans loosing a lot of their
  land?
• Why was 1924 a turning point for Native
  Americans?
• What was the cause of ill-feeling between the
  urbans and rural areas?
• What was the outcome of the Monkey Trial?