Respond to Waste Emergency

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Respond to Waste Emergency

• PRMWM11B

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When In Danger or In Doubt, Run In Circles,
Scream and Shout!
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In preparing for battle, I have always found
that plans are useless, but planning is
indispensable. - General Dwight D.
Eisenhower
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Emergency Planning
Emergency Planning
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Questions to start with

• Why are you developing this plan?
• What are the desired end results?
• What are the business issues related to this
  planning process?
• How broad is the scope of the plan?
• Who is driving the planning process?
• Who will be doing the planning work?

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Questions to start with (cont.)

• How important are communications and technology
  to your school?
• What are the most critical factors for the
  organization?
• What are the organizations exposures should a
  disaster occur?

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Where to begin

• Start with a budget for planning
• Develop a work plan
• Develop an announcement for management and
  department heads
• Assign a coordinator
• Schedule a kick-off meeting
• Develop policies and guidelines

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Risk Analysis
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Risk Analysis
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Event - Result - Impact
causes
which have
An Event
Results
Impact
Mitigation
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Event - Result - Impact
Outage
Fried server
which results in
causes
Lightning
Mitigation
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The Event

• Events come in many sizes based on
• Type
• Location
• Scope
• Other factors

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Type

• Natural
• Unnatural
• Man-made
• Logical

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Location
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Scope

• Temporary
• Intermediate
• Long-term

The specific definitions of these terms will vary
by campus and even by application.
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External Risk Factors

• Water tanks
• Railroad crossings
• Overpasses
• Dams
• Poles
• Labs
• Fault lines
• Weather patterns

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Internal Risk Factors

• PBX room
• Server room
• Feed to C.O., ISP
• MDF/BDF/IDF
• All cable exiting in same conduit bank
• Fiber/cable routing
• Power
• Single fiber hub
• Single DNS, DHCP, or other critical server

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Other factors

• Seasonality
• System type and function
• Individual institution
• Specific application
• Politics

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Risk / Cost / Probability

• What is the probability of the risk?
• Cost if it occurs
• Cost to prevent
• Cost to resolve

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Other Factors Affecting Cost/Risk Analysis

• Public safety
• Urgency
• Critical care facilities
• Customer service orientation
• Revenue sources

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PREVENTION is more cost effective and beneficial
than RESOLUTION.
Note Many of the events, as defined, cant be
prevented. The effects, however, can be avoided
or mitigated.
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Prevention includes

• Fire protection, smoke detectors, alarms, fire
  suppression systems
• UPS battery back-up, stand-by power
• Lightning protection
• Redundant components and systems
• Data back-up procedures

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Prevention (continued)

• Diverse routing
• Physical security
• Power failure trunking
• Load shedding (electrical and otherwise)

Prevention should be quantified and weighed
against the probability of occurrence and the
effects on the institution.
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Near-term Recovery Options
1. Minimum acceptable level of service 2. Triage

• Stand-by systems
• Spare parts
• Off-site operations
• Alternate facilities
• Restoration priorities

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Near-term Recovery Options (continued)

• Disaster personnel assignments
• Pre-arranged construction agreements
• Good vendor relationships
• Cell phones
• A roll of quarters

Near-term resolution options should be quantified
and weighed against prevention issues with the
aspects of delay factored in.
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Longer-term Resolution

• Repairing
• Rewiring
• Rebuilding
• Restoring
• Rerouting
• Revamping

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Financial Analysis for Disaster Planning
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Take 1 from column A and 1 from column B

• components
• users of components
• potential loss
• probability of loss
• effect on institution
• cost/impact of prevention/mitigation
• cost/impact of resolution/recovery

• Identify...
• Understand...
• Validate...
• Quantify...

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Involving Management
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Everybody Needs a Champion

• To pave the way
• To lay the groundwork
• To provide introductions
• To smooth the rough spots

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Involving Management

• Only upper management can address
• Financial resources
• Personnel resources
• Buy-in
• Hard decisions/priorities

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Case Method

• To sell to upper management use
• Business cases
• Technical cases
• Legal cases
• Worst cases

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Getting Executives to Pay Attention

• Get them involved
• Get them talking with users
• Get them to see the issues first hand
• Share your vision/solutions

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True management buy-in is 90 of the battle...

• everything else is the other 90!

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Creating
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Goal of a Disaster Plan

• That disasters or potential disasters be handled
  in a professional, orderly, expedient manner to
  minimize negative effects and optimize
  restoration.

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Time Frame
4 to 12 months
(if youre lucky!)
Does an institutional disaster plan exist?
If so, development time can be cut by half or
more
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The key is to research and develop solutions to
problems NOW, not in time of crisis!
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The Plan
Planning
Update
Update
Document
Training
Testing
Communication
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What To Do

• Document everything
• equipment
• circuits
• routes
• Write it down
• policies and procedures
• escalation policies
• notification lists

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What To Do (continued)

• Assign priorities
• applications
• phones
• buildings
• departments
• Assign tasks
• reporting structures
• disaster assignments

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Directory Issues

• For staff
• Public Safety
• Facilities
• Technical staff
• For off-campus emergency response providers
• Fire
• Police

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Emergency Notification List

• DRP Management Team
• DRP Administration Team
• DRP Systems Recovery Team(s)
• DRP Site Recovery Team(s)
• Risk Management
• DRP Liaison Team
• Press/Media/Public Relations Team

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For Each Building

• Who to call/where/when
• Power shut-off locations
• Equipment locations
• Shut-down procedures
• Special medical requirements
• Hazmat
• Times manned (7x24 vs. 1 shift)

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Make prior arrangements

• With the telcos and ISPs
• With your major vendors
• With other important suppliers
• With Partners in Protection
• With Emergency Service providers
• For a command center
• For press/media relations

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Train

• Operators
• Staff
• Public Safety personnel
• Facilities personnel
• Other team leaders and support personnel

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Other Implementation Suggestions

• Upper management support and commitment is
  essential
• Plan should be easy to access, read, and
  understand
• Involved personnel should be familiar with their
  roles before a crisis happens
• Test often. Run drills.
• Review and update plan at least once a month.

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Keep It Simple!
Remember who is going to use the plan and under
what circumstances!
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If You Ever Need to Really Use It

• Time is the enemy
• The issue is more who to get a hold of than what
  to fix
• Keep the decision-making process clear
• Authority must be delegated!

Use your best judgement in all situations.
There shall be no other rules. -Nordstoms
Employee Handbook
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If You Ever Need to Really Use It (continued)

• Control and monitor teams progress
• Maintain open communications
• Daily meetings
• Regular updates for all not directly involved
• Press/media liaison
• Maintain rumor control
• Keep accurate daily logs

Remember Blame will be affixed later!
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Identify nature of emergency

• Identify details of the nature, type and severity
  of the emergency including existing and potential
  hazards and report to appropriate person

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Assumptions

• Disasters WILL Happen
• Murphy Never Takes a Day Off
• It Will Happen When You Are Not Available, Or
  At Least When You Are Not 100

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Identify nature of emergency

• When confronted by an emergency situation you
  must be able to quickly
• assess the type and severity of the situation as
  well as
• relay information about its location and any
  injuries to the appropriate personnel.
• You must know how to raise the alarm so that the
  required response is obtained.
• A through knowledge of emergency equipment is
  essential to provide in a timely response.

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Identify nature of emergency

• An emergency is any event in the workplace which
• threatens life
• threatens property
• Threat to environment

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The main types of emergency that occur in the
workplace are

• fire or explosion
• hazardous chemical spills
• major gas leaks
• bomb threats
• medical emergencies

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Other Disasters
Natural Man Made
Earthquakes Epidemics Plagues Fires Lightening Storms Floods Wind storms Fire Oil spills Chemical Gas leak Power Outages Nuclear Industrial Transportation Terrorism
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Avian Flu or Bird Flu
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Avian Flu as of April 27, 2006
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Fires
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Lightning Damage

• Every year 100 people are struck by lightning in
  Australia with between five and 10 dying as a
  result

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Floods
In May 1889, the South Fork Dam gave way
unleashing a 20 million ton tidal wave on
Johnstown, PA killing 2,2,00 People and
devastating Johnstown.
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Tornados
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Man Made Disasters
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Industrial Accidents
Note At the end of 1999, the office of Bhopals
medical commissioner had registered 22,149 deaths
directly related to Bhopal. At least 1,000 people
a year continue to die prematurely as result of
exposure to the toxic gas.
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Transportation Semi-trailer
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Terrorism
Note On April 19, 1995, around 903 AM 168
People Died as a result of domestic terrorism at
the Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma
City.
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Assessing an emergency

• To assess an emergency it is necessary to
  understand
• the nature of the emergency
• the size of the emergency
• if the emergency can be contained
• if the emergency threatens life
• if people are injured
• if evacuation of the area is necessary
• what emergency procedures are to be followed
• who is able to provide assistance.

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Nature of the emergency

• The nature of an emergency is not always clear as
  it can be a combination of explosions, fire,
  major spills or gas leaks.
• For example an explosion in a storage vessel
  could cause both a major spill and a fire.

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Size of the Emergency

• Minor emergencyA minor emergency is one which
  can be brought under control by plant personnel
  utilising resources available at the site.
• For example, a small fire can be extinguished
  using portable fire extinguishers located at the
  emergency site.
• Major emergencyA major emergency is one which
  cannot be controlled by plant personnel at the
  emergency site, but can be brought under control
  by plant emergency crews. A person discovering a
  major emergency must raise the alarm and follow
  emergency procedures.
• Major hazard emergencyA major hazard emergency
  is one which has escalated beyond the
  capabilities of plant emergency crews and so
  requires the attendance and assistance of outside
  emergency services.

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Respond to emergency

• 2.1 Identify potential risks and hazards and
  incorporate into emergency response action

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Emergency response procedures

• 2.2 Follow emergency response procedures in
  accordance with company

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Workplace Disaster Supplies Kit

• Flashlight Batteries
• Battery Powered Radio
• Food
• Water
• Medications
• First Aid Supplies
• Tools and Supplies

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Company Emergency PlanningHow to put together
an Emergency Response Plan?
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STEP 1 Establish a Planning Team

• Form the Team
• Establish Authority
• Issue a Mission Statement
• Establish a Schedule and Budget

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Continuity Questions

• How will we communicate during the disaster?
• What type of disaster are we experiencing?
• Who will need access in a disaster?
• What type of information will they need in a
  disaster?
• How will we be able to provide them with access?
• How long will the disaster impact connectivity?
• Is there a priority on who needs to gain access?
• How long can an agency be disconnected before it
  impacts there operations?
• Who is my technical point of contact?
• Is the building and equipment damaged and if
  so, how do I replace them?
• Will there have to be a relocation effort and
  if so, how will I get my supplies to
  the new location?

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Communicate

• 2.3 Communicate full details of emergency to all
  relevant parties

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Raising the Alarm

• The alarm is raised by
• activating an alarm button or switch if installed
  
• reporting details of the emergency to appropriate
  personnel using a telephone or two-way radio
• informing people that are in the vicinity of the
  emergency by using the public address system or
  person to person.

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Reporting an Emergency

• When reporting an emergency, it is necessary to
  state
• your name and position
• type of emergency
• severity of the emergency
• location of the emergency
• number of injuries
• number of people involved in the emergency
• if the area has been evacuated.

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Personal Protective Equipment

• 2.4 Use emergency and personal protective
  equipment safely and efficiently in accordance
  with manufacturers' specifications and company
  OHS requirements

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Emergency equipment

• It is essential to know the exact location of
  emergency equipment such as
• fire extinguishers and hoses
• breathing apparatus
• absorbent materials for spill clean up
• full face masks, aprons, rubber boots and gloves
• eye wash/safety showers and dunk tubs.

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Location of emergency equipment

• Fire fighting equipment commonly found includes
• portable fire extinguishers
• mobile fire extinguishers
• fire hoses (hose reel or lay flat hose).

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Portable Fire Fighting Equipment

• Hand held portable fire extinguishers are used as
  the first line of defence against a fire.
• They can also be used as self rescue devices to
  enable a person to escape through a fire.
• When attacking a fire, the correct type of
  extinguisher must be selected to suit the type of
  fire. Note that the following gives

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Type of Extinguisher
Water Foam Dry chemical Carbon dioxide




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Standard Colours, Fire Extinguishers
Type of Extinguisher Use Colour Code
Water Wood, paper, textiles Red
Foam Flammable liquids Red with blue stripe
Carbon dioxide Flammable liquids and live electrical equipment Red with black stripe
Dry chemical Flammable liquids and live electrical equipment Red with white stripe
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Mobile Fire Extinguishers

• Mobile fire extinguishers have the same use as
  portable fire extinguishers but are larger in
  size and mounted on wheels for easy movement.
• The larger size allows medium sized fires to be
  controlled.

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Fire Hoses

• Fire hose reelsA fire hose reel consists of a
  fire hose and nozzle that is wound on a reel and
  permanently connected to a water supply.
• The fire hose can be used to extinguish small
  fires (wood, paper or textile) or to contain a
  fire while waiting for emergency fire teams to
  arrive.
•  
• Hydrant fire hoseA hydrant fire hose consists of
  a hose that is rolled up and placed inside a box
  close to a hydrant.
• The hose is only connected to the hydrant during
  a fire emergency and requires more than one
  person to operate.

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Fixed Fire Equipment

• Fixed automatic fire extinguishing equipment
  includes
• Automatic sprinkler
• Fire monitors.
• Fire monitors are used to deliver large
  quantities of water in a jet or spray in the
  event of a major fire

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Respiratory protection

• Respiratory protection is required to
• prevent hazardous chemical vapours, gas, dusts or
  fumes from entering the lungs
• prevent asphyxiation in oxygen deficient
  atmospheres.

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Breathing Apparatus

• Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
• 10 minute or 20 minute Escape Breathing
  Apparatus.

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Hazardous Chemical Spills

• Spill kits include
• Land Booms for perimeter containment
• Heavy Duty Absorbent
• Polypropylene MatsEcoSweep
• a bioactive Absorbent
• PPE
• Waste Disposal Bags

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Minor Spill Response

• Alert people in the immediate area of the spill
• Wear protective equipment, including safety
  goggles, gloves and a long-sleeved shirt or other
  protective clothing
• Avoid breathing vapors from the spill
• Apply spill pillow/pads or other absorbent
  material, first around the outside of the spill,
  encircling the material, then absorb to the
  center of the spill

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Spill Response

• Sweep/shovel up absorbent material and place into
  a sealed, leak-proof bag or container
• Dispose of all materials (gloves, brooms, paper
  towels) used to clean up the spill in a sealed
  container as well and
• Label and dispose of all bags or containers as
  hazardous waste.

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Contain and isolate

• 2.5 Contain and isolate emergency situation,
  where possible, to minimise danger to surrounding
  equipment, area, environment, other personnel and
  general public

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Containment of an Emergency

• An emergency can be contained by taking action
  such as
• shutting off valves to isolate a leak or spill
• building barriers to contain a spill
• closing doors on a fire to stop it spreading.
• This action may not stop the emergency, but may
  slow down or contain the spread of the emergency

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Avoid risks to personnel

• 2.6 Avoid risks to personnel and follow
  evacuation procedures in accordance with company
  requirements

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Treating Injuries

• People injured at a worksite may require rescue
  and first aid before evacuation.
• Before rescuing an injured person, it is
  necessary to identify any dangers to the rescuer

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The dangers while rescuing e.g.

• physical hazards such as objects that can fall
  and moving equipment
• toxic or oxygen deficient atmospheres
• contact with electricity
• explosive atmosphere.

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Rescue

• When conditions are safe, the rescue can be
  carried out and first aid administered to the
  victim.
• The medical centre or local hospital should be
  contacted with details of the injuries to allow
  the medical teams to be prepared and to respond
  quickly to the emergency

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Protect company interests

• 2.7 Take all necessary actions to protect company
  interests in accordance with company requirements
  and relevant legislation

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3. Review emergency response

• 3.1 Monitor and evaluate emergency response
  actions continuously and make modifications to
  response actions, where appropriate, to reduce
  the impact of the emergency

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Exercise control

• 3.2 Exercise control of emergency situation until
  formal relief is notified or received, in
  accordance with company requirements, OHS and
  relevant legislation

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Assist with clean-up

• 4.1 Conduct clean-up to remove waste,
  contamination, equipment and hazards from the
  emergency site, in accordance with company,
  legislative and OHS requirements

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5. Document and report emergency

• Document and report full details of
• emergency situation and
• response actions
• in accordance with company requirements and
  relevant legislation