Title: ???? - ???? t ??????? ???? ?????? (t-test for independent samples)
10.317311 chidist(1,1)
0.367879 chidist(2,2)
0.391625 chidist(3,3)
0.406006 chidist(4,4)
0.41588 chidist(5,5)
0.440493 chidist(10,10)
0.45793 chidist(20,20)
0.465654 chidist(30,30)
0.470257 chidist(40,40)
0.473398 chidist(50,50)
0.481192 chidist(100,100)
0.484644 chidist(150,150)
0.494053 chidist(1000,1000)
??? ??????? s2 ???? ???? ?-2? ???? ???????? t ???
???? ??? ?? z
2???? - ???? t ??????? ???? ??????(t-test for
independent samples)
??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? t ??????? ???? ??????
??? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ??, ???
????? ???? ????????.
???? F ??????? ???????
?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????
????, ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??
??? ??????? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ???? ?????
?????. ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???, ??? ?????
???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????.
3???? F ??????? ???????
?2
?1
x1i
x2i
?1
?2
??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?2
??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? F
4??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????
???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? n?30. ????
???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? F ???? ??????
???????? ??????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ???
?????? ???????? ????? F, ???? ????????? ???????
???????? ?? ???? ??????? n?30. ????????
????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????
???? ???? ??????.
????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? t ???????
???? ??????, ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???
??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????.
5H0?2x1 ?2 x2 H1 ?2x1 ? ?2 x2
?0.05
????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? F.
?/2
???? S1gtS2
Fc
df1 ?? ????? ????? ?? S1.
?? FgtFc ?? ? p(F)lt?/2 ???? ?? H0.
???? ????? ????? t ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? H0 (??
??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????). ????? ?? ?????,
??????? ???? ?? ??????!
6?????? ??????? ?????
????? 1 ????? 2
H0?2x1 ?2 x2 H1 ?2x1 ? ?2 x2
?0.05
????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????
pgt0.05 ?? FltFc ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? H0 ,?????
???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????.
7???? F ???? ????? ?? ???? t ??????? ?"?. ?? ??
????? ?? F, ???? ?? ???? t ??? ?????? ??????
?????, ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????
?? F, ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
????????. ???? ????? ??? ????? t ??????? ?"?,
????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????????
t, ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
??????? ????
?????? ????? ????
nmin-1ltdfltn1n2-2
8????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????
????? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ????? 12 ???? ?-10
????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????
?????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????, ?? ????
?????? ???? ????? ?? 95?
9??? 1 ????? ?????? ???????
H0?2x1 ?2 x2 H1 ?2x1 ? ?2 x2
????? ??' ??????? ?? ????? ??????, ????
??????????.
?0.05
??? ???? ?? H0, ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????
???? ?? ?"? ???? ?? ??? ?-p ???-????, ??????? ??
???? ??????? ?-EXCEL ?-2.
10??? 2 ????? ???? t ??????? ??? ???????. ????
?????? ?? F, ????? ????? t ???? ????? ??????
???????.
H0?women? ?men H1 ?womengt ?men
????? ??' ??????? ?? ????? ??????, ????
??????????.
?0.05
t(15)2.61, p.01 ??? ???? ????? ?? H0 ?????
????? ????? ?? 95 ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????
?? ????? ??????.
11????? ???
???? ? nmin-1ltdfltn1n2-2, ???? ?-t ?????? ????
???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ?????
???? nmin-1 ?"? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????
????? ???????. ?? ?? ????? ???? n1n2-2 ?"? ?? ??
????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ??
?? ????? ???? nmin-1 ?"? ?? ?? ????? ???? n1n2-2
?"? , ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????.
?????? ????
9ltdflt20
???? ?????? ???? 9 ?"?, ??? ????? ??? ???? ????
?"? ???????.
12??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? EXCEL
????? ??-?????
????? ?????? ??????? FTEST(array1, array2) ????
t ??????? ?"? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? TTEST(array
1,array2,tails,type)
3
13????? ???? t ??????? 2 ???????
??? ??????? ??????
??
??
???? t ??????? ?????? TTEST(array1,array2,tails,1)
??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????
?? (?? ????? ?? F)
?? (????? ?? F)
???? t ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
???? TTEST(array1,array2,tails,2)
???? t ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????
??????? TTEST(array1,array2,tails,3)
14???? ??-??? ??????. ?????? ???? ??-??? ??????
?????? t ???? ??????, ???? ??????? ???? ??????
???? ???? t ????? ????. ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????
??"? ???????? ??? ????.
15????? ???? ????? ?? 95 ??? ????? ??? ?????
?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????
????? ?????? ???????.
16????? t ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??
???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????
???????
????? ???? ???????
??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????????
????? ??? ???????
17??? ????, ?????? ????? t ??????? ?????? ???? ??"??
???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ???????
????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????, ??? ???
???? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? (?????) ???
???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?"? (????). ?? ???
?????? ?? ?????? ???????, ???????? ????? ????
????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?? ????? ???? "????" ???
?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????
???????, ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ????
???? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????
???? ???? ??????.