New Psychoactive Substances (Legal Highs)

1
New Psychoactive Substances(Legal Highs)

• A Brief Insight
• By
• Leigh Westmore

2
New Psychoactive Substances

• Legal Highs
• Designer Drugs (70s)
• Synthetic drugs mimic known drugs
• Possible long term physiological health
  implications. Chemical have little or no known
  human and/or animal research.

3
Types of Substances

• Solids in the form of pills (pellets if legal),
  Powders, capsules. Synthetic Technologically
  made. Ethylphenidate and Methiopropramine
• Gas Nitrous oxide (Laughing gas)
• Liquid Amyl Nitrate
• Herbal from plants seeds such as Kratom, Salvia,
  Fly Agaric, San Pedro cactus)
• Animal cane toad Bufotenin similar to
  5-meo-dmt
• Electronic- Brainwave Entrainment. Hemispheric
  Synchronization (binaural beats)

4
HISTORY

• Alexander Shuglin
• 2cx
• Dox
• 3cx
• Tryptamines
• Search For the new Ecstacy

5
OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT

• David E. Nichols
• NBOMe
• Ralf Heim PHd
• 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl
  )methylethanamine
• NBOMe-2ci class a june
• NBF
• NBOH can degrade?
• NBMD

6
John W. Huffman

• JWH Spice k2
• It bothers me that people are so stupid as to
  use this stuff
• "I figured once it got started in Germany it was
  going to spread. As JWH-018 is more potent and
  easy to make, Huffman believes it is a more
  widely used synthetic cannabinoid of the JWH
  series.
• 450 synthetic cannabinoids

7

• Alexandros Makriyannis AM
• series (MAM Methyl group)
• MAM-2201 Black Mamba
• Hebrew University HU series
• Cannaboid Receptor Drug by Pfizer CP Series
• AB-FUBINACA
• AB-PINACA
• PF-03550096
• THJ-2201 Cannabinoid legal atm..
• Big Medical Research ongoing

8
(No Transcript)
9
MOLECULE COMPARISON
10
CATHINONES
11
When are they actually legal?

• They are not controlled under the 1971 Misuse of
  Drugs Act
• They are not licensed Alcohol, Nicotine not a
  legal high
• Not covered by the medicines act
  trimethylxanthine (Zanadoo)
• Research pellet or chemical
• Term is Misleading 68 deaths??
• PMMA/PMA and or GBL Easier synth.

12
Current Legislation

• TCDO. Temporary Class Drug Order
• Temporary 12 month ban Making it illegal to sell
  or produce
• Recent additions are the NBOMEs, MXE,
  BENZOFURANS.
• MXE ceased to be covered by the temporary
  prohibition on 26 February 2013, when it became
  classified as a Class B drug
• Huge amount of pre-ban purchases.

13
WHAT IS AVAILABLE?

• Research chemical collector item.
• BROMODOL4-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-1-(2
  -phenylethyl)cyclohexanol

14
SMARTSHOP
15
SMARTSHOP
16
SMARTSHOP
17
SILKROAD
18
DRUG TSUNAMI

• It is really beginning to feel like, especially
  in the UK, Pandora's box wasn't opened, the lid
  was ripped off, and this time, even hope escaped.
• Newly Emerging compounds emerging every week
• Analogues of analogues

19
EMCDDA

• The EMCDDA is increasingly active in monitoring
  new psychoactive substances which may pose health
  and social risks to our societies.
• A new psychoactive substance is defined as 'a new
  narcotic or psychotropic drug, in pure form or in
  preparation, that is not controlled by the United
  Nations drug conventions, but which may pose a
  public health threat comparable to that posed by
  substances listed in these conventions'. 
• Early warning system on NPS Risk assessments on
  all NPS.

20
WEDINOS

• USERS can send in samples for confidential
  analysis.
• Can safely ascertain compound and do subsequent
  research websites such as erowid.

21
Future legislation

• We conclude that there is currently and
  epidemic of psychoactive substances and it is
  highly likely that new psychoactive substances
  will to continue to increase in the future unless
  immediate action is taken
• ACPO parliamentary report 2013
• Home Office crime prevention minister, Norman
  Baker, said he "strongly disputes"' the EU claim
  that 20 of legal highs have "legitimate
  commercial and industrial uses". UK want opt
  out Emcdda

22
The future

• The brain.uses about 500, maybe more,
  different indigenous materials. It is very likely
  that any one of these will have 10 to 1000
  different analogues so there is no shortage of
  material to explore.
• Dr Zee

23
Question and Answer

• All