Title: Metabolism of Lipid
1? ? ?
Metabolism of Lipid
2? ? ? ?
??
??????????(lipid)
?? (fat)
????? (triacylglycerols,TAG)???????
(triglyceride, TG)
??
??(lipoid)
??? (cholesterol, CHOL) ????
(cholesterol ester, CE) ?? (phospholipid, PL)
?? (sphingolipids)
3 ?? ?? ?? ????
?? 95? ??????? 1. ???? 2. ?????? 3. ????????? 4. ???? 5. ????? 6. ???????
?? 5? ???? ??? ?? 1. ??????????? 2. ??????????? ?????????? 3. ???????
4??????
????
????
X ???????????????? ?????????
????
5????
????
X ????????? ????????????????
6? ?
???
???
7?????
???? ?????????????
???? ????,?????????
?????? ???????????????????????????????,?
?????,???????
8? ? ? ???????????
9????????
- ??????
- ??????
- ?2??2???????????
10???????
????? ?????????????????????
- ?????
- ????????????????
- ??n????
- ????????????????
11???????????(?n)??????
? ????
?-7(n-7) ???(161,?-7)
?-9(n-9) ??(181,?-9)
?-6(n-6) ???(182,?-6,9)
?-3(n-3) a-???(183,?-3,6,9)
12? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ? ??
??? ??? ??????? ?? n? ? ??
??? ?????? 161 9 7 ?-7 ??
?? ?????? 181 9 9 ?-9 ??
??? ?????? 182 9,12 6,9 ?-6 ???
a-??? ?????? 183 9,12,15 3,6,9 ?-3 ???
?-??? ?????? 183 6,9,12 6,9,12 ?-6 ???
????? ????? 204 5,8,11,14 6,9,12,15 ?-6 ???
timnodonic ?????(EPA) 205 5,8,11,14,17 3,6,9,12,15 ?-3 ??
clupanodonic ??????(DPA) 225 7,10,13,16,19 3,6,9,12,15 ?-3 ??,?
cervonic ??????(DHA) 226 4,7,10,13,16,19 3,6,9,12,15,18 ?-3 ??
13????????????????????????????3??6??9???????????????
?????
???????9??7????????,?????6??3????????
14? ? ? ????????
15?????
- ??????
- ????????A2??????????
- ????????
- ???????????????????,????????????????
16????
??????
?? (micelles)
? ?
????
2-???? 2 FFA
? ?
???? FFA
????
??? FFA
17???
???????????????????????,????10,000????????????????
,????????????????,???????????N????????????????????
?????,???????????????????????????????????????????
????
18??????????,?????????????????????????(610C)?????(2
4C)?????????????,??????(mixed micelles),?????????
19?????
???????????????? ?? 1??????????????????????
?,???????,?????????,???????????
2??????2-?????????????????????????,??????,???????
??
20(No Transcript)
21?????
?????2-????
???TG
????(apo) B48?C?A??A?
TG?CE?PL
???
???
????(CM)
22??????
????
????
????
23??????????
24 25???????????
(?)???????
?????????????????,???CM??FA?????
???????????????????,???CM?VLDL??FA?????
?????????????????????
26(?)??????
????????????
????????????
(?)??
??????????????,????????? ???????? ???????????
???,?????
27???
??????
3-????
??????
??????????,??????????
28??????
29(No Transcript)
30???????????
(?) ?????
?? ???????????,???????????????,????????????????
???
??? ???????????? (hormone-sensitive
triglyceride lipase , HSL)
31???? ??????????,??????????????????????(ACTH)
???????(TSH)??
????? ??????,?????????E2?????
32??????
ATP
????-??
G??
AC
HSLa(???)
cAMP
PKA
HSLb(???)
????
????
????
??
33 ????????????
- ??????????,???????????3-?????????
- ???????????? ??????????
34(?)???ß-??
? ?
? ???????? ??????
?????????
? ?????? ??CoA???
??CoA????? ??CoA?ß-??
351??????
?? CoA ???(??)
362. ??CoA ?????
???
372. ??CoA?????
- ?1)??????? I
- ??ß-??????
-
- 2)????????
-
- 3) ?????????
- ????(ß?-?-??????)
383. ???ß??
??CoA
??
??
L()-ß???CoA
???
ß???CoA
??
??CoA??CoA
39(No Transcript)
40??????
????
414. ????????? ?16?????????
? ???2??????
ß? ?
???? ?????????????????? ??1????CoA 1???????
????CoA 1??NADHH 1??FADH2
427 ?????8????CoA 7??NADHH 7??FADH2
???? ??ATP 812 73 72 131 ???ATP
131 2 129
43??????????????ATP???
??? ???
?1mol? 129 ATP 38 ATP
?100g? 50.4 ATP 21.1 ATP
?????? 68 68
44(?)?????????
1. ????????
ß??
45???CoA (?9?,?12?)
3?ß??
???????CoA (?3?,?6?)
?3?,?2?-??? CoA???
???????CoA (?2?,?6?)
2?ß??
46?????CoA (?2?)
???CoA ???
D()-ß-?????CoA
ß-???CoA ???
L(-)-ß-?????CoA
4?ß??
4 ??CoA
472. ?????????
????(C20?C22)
(?????)
(???)
??? ??
?????? (FAD???)
ß??
483. ?????
Ile Met Thr Val ????? ?????
CH3CH2COCoA
L-?????CoA
D-?????CoA
???CoA
TAC
49(?)????????
??(ketone bodies)???????????????????????ß-??????
????
?? ???????? ?????????????CoA
??? ????????CoA(HMGCoA)????
??????(??????????)???
501. ?????
HMGCoA ??
CoASH
????CoA???
CoASH
HMGCoA ???
NAD
NADHH
ß-??? ???
512. ?????
- (1)???CoA???????????,??????CoA?
- (2)?????????????????????CoA,
- (3)????CoA?????????CoA??,??2????CoA?
52?????
NAD
NADHH
???CoA
CoASHATP
???CoA???
????CoA???
PPiAMP
???
CoASH
????CoA???
53?????????????
2??CoA
????CoA
??CoA
HMGCoA
????CoA
D(-)-ß-???
????
??
???CoA
???
2??CoA
543.?????????
- ??????,????
- ????????????????
- ???????????????,???,?????????????????????????????
??????????? - ??????????,??????,?????????
55- ???????,???????, ??ß-???, ???????,
???????,???????, - ???????,????????
564. ???????
(1) ????????
57(2)?????????????
??,?????,??ß???????????
58(3)???CoA????CoA?????
???CoA???????????? ?,????CoA?????,??ß????,???????
59?????????
(?)??????
1. ????
? ??(??) ?????? ??? ??????16?????(???) ?????
???????
602. ????
??CoA?ATP?HCO3??NADPH?Mn2
??CoA??????????,????????
??????CoA??????????????????
61?????
??
62- 3.??????
- ??CoA???(???)
- ??????
- ????
- ?7????????????????
- ????
- 7????????????,?????
- ??????????????????????
63????????ACP(??????),ACP????4-?????????,???????
644. ???????
(1)???CoA???
n
65(2)????
???CoA????CoA??????,?????????,??????????????????
???????????,????2?????
66??????????
CH3(CH2)14COOH 7 CO2
6H2O 8HSCoA 14NADP
CH3COSCoA 7 HOOCH2COSCoA
14NADPHH
67? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
68(?)???????
1. ??????????? ????CoA???????,? NADPHH
??? 2. ??????????? ???CoA???????,? NADPHH
???
69(?)????????
????4??5??8??9????
????9??12??15 ????
70??????????????
???? ( Prostaglandin, PG) ???? ( thromboxane,
TX) ? ? ? ( leukotrienes, LT)
71(?)?????????????????????
- PG
- ??????????,??????????
- ???????????
72PG????????????????,? 9 ?
73??R1?R2????????????,PG???1?2?3?,??????????
74(No Transcript)
75- TX
- ????????,?????????????
76 77(?)PG?TX?LT?????
1. PG
- PGE2????,????????
- PGE2?PGA2 ?????????????
- PGE2?PGI2??????,?????????
- PGF2a????????????,????????????
782. TX(???)
- PGF2?TXA2 ????????,???????????,PGI2 ?PGI3????????
- TXA3??????,?TXA2????
793. LT
- LTC4?LTD4?LTE4???????????????
- LTD4????????????
- LTB4????????????????,?????????????
80? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Metabolism of Phospholipid
81? ?
?? ??????????
?? ???? ????????
(?????????) ? ? ? ?????????
???
FA
Pi
X
X ????????????,????????????????????????????
82?????????
(?)?????????????
????????????????
??
X ????????? ????????????????
??????????????,?????????????
83?????????
84????????????
85????? (phosphatidyl inositol)
?????? (phosphatidyl serine)
86??? (cardiolipin)
87(?)???????
1. ???? ????????,????????????
2. ???????? ????????????????????ATP?CTP
88(No Transcript)
89(No Transcript)
90- 3. ???????
- (1)????????????????????
- (2)CDP-?????????????????????????
91(1)????????
92(2)CDP-????????
93- ????????????
- ?????????????S-?????????????
- ?????????????????????????????
94??????????????????????,???????????????????????????
?,???????(phospholipid exchange
proteins),????16,00030,000??,??????pH 5.0???
95??????(phospholipid exchange proteins)???????????
????????????????.
96(?)???????
??? (phospholipase , PLA)
97????????
(?)?????????
??(sphingolipids) ????(sphingosine)??????????
98? ?
???
???
99X----???? ? ????? ?????
????X???,???????????
100? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
101??????
- ??????????????
- ??????
- ????
- ????
- ????
- ????
- ??????
102? ?
?????? ??????
103?????(27?)
104??(29?)
??(28?)
105 ????????
- ?????????,???????????????
- ????????????????D???????????
106 ???????????
?? ?140?
?? ??????????? ?? ¼ ????????? ???????????????????
? ???????? ?????????????????????
????????? ????
107 ?????(cholesterol)???
(?)?????????? ??????
(?)????18????CoA,36??ATP?16??NADPHH
(?)?????? 1???????? 2??????
30C 3???????27C
1081. ???????
HMGCoA ??(??)
CoASH
????CoA???(??)
CoASH
HMGCoA ??? (???
1092.?????
3. ??????
110??????
- 1??????????
- ??? ??CoA ? ????
- ? ??????????(ACAT )
- 2??????????
- ??? ??? ? ???? ?????
- ? ???????????(LCAT )
111(No Transcript)
112(No Transcript)
113(?)????????
HMG-CoA???
- ??????????? (???? ,???? )
- ????????,????????
- ???????????
- ????????????HMG-COA??????
114- 1. ?????
- ???????????????
- ?????????????,?????????
- 2. ???
- ?????????????????????HMG-CoA???????
115- 3. ??
- ????????????HMG-CoA??????,???????????
- ?????????????HMG-CoA??????,???????????
- ???????????????????
116????????
????????????????????,?????????????,?????????
117- (?)??????(bile acid)
- ???????????????????????
- (?)????????
- ????????????????????????????
- (?)???7-?????
- ??,????????7-?????,??????????????D3 ?
118? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
119? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
120??? ?
????????,???????????????????????
?? ?????????
?????????????????????
121????? ? ? 400700mg/dl (5 mmol/L)
???? 10150mg/dl (0.11 1.69 mmol/L) ? ?
? 150250mg/dl (48.44 80.73 mmol/L) ????
100250mg/dl (2.59 6.47 mmol/L) ????
520mg/dl (0.195 0.805 mmol/L)
???????????????????????,???????
122????????????????
????????????,????(lipoprotein)??????
? ?
???
123???????
- ???? (chylomicron, CM)
- ???????
- (very low density lipoprotein, VLDL)
- ??????
- (low density lipoprotein, LDL)
- ??????
- (high density lipoprotein, HDL)
124? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
CM VLDL LDL HDL
?? ?? lt0.95 0.951.006 1.0061.063 1.0631.210
? ? ?? ?TG??, 8090 ?TG 5070 ?????????,4050 ???50
? ? ??? ??, 1 510 2025 ??,?50
?????? ?????? apoB48?E A??A? A??C? C??C? apoB100?C??C? C?? E apoB100 apo A?? A?
125????????
???????????????????????,???????????????????????,??
?????
??????TG??????????
126??????
?? ????(apolipoprotein, apo) ??????????????
- ??(18?)
- apo A( A??A??A? ) apo B( B100?B48 )
- apo C( C??C??C? ) apo D apo E
- ??
- 1? ????????????
- 2? ??????????
- 3? ???????????????? ?
127?????????????
- A???LCAT,??HDL??
- A???HDL??,??HL
- B100??LDL??
- B48??CM???
- C???LPL
128???????????
129?????????
- (?)????(CM)
- ???????????????????
- (?)???????(VLDL)
- ??????????????
- (?)??????(LDL)
- ?????????????
- (?)??????(HDL)
- ??????????????
130(?)????
? ?
131? ?
132(No Transcript)
133(?)???????
? ?
VLDL????????,?????????
??????TG ?????????
apo B100?E
? ?
LPL?HL
LPL
VLDL ??
LDL
VLDL
FFA
FFA
????
134? ? ? VLDL ? ? ?
135(?)??????
? ??VLDL????
? ?
- LDL??????
LDL?????????????????????????,????????apo E?apo
B100????,???apo B,E???
136????????????
137- LDL????????
- ???LDL (ox-LDL)??????????????????????????
- ???????????????(scavenger receptor, SR) ?
138LDL ? ? ?
139(?)??????
? ?
????????????? CM?VLDL???,???apo A??A??A??apo
C????????????????HDL?
? ?(???) HDL1 HDL2 HDL3
140? ?
??HDL
HDL3
HDL2
LCAT??????????? CETP????????
141(No Transcript)
142LCAT???(?apo A???)
? ?HDL?????2??????????3??????????????? ?
???????HDL?????? ? ???HDL??
143??HDL??????SR-B1?????????
????????????????????????
???? ??? HDL ??? VLDL ??? HDL ????
144HDL ? ? ?
145HDL????? ?????????????(reverse cholesterol
transport, RCT),?????????????,?????????,??????????
???? HDL?apo?????
146???????(RCT) ???????
? ??????????????????????????? ?
HDL??????????????????
147ABCA1?????????????????
ABCA1,?ATP???????AI ,????????????,???????
?????????????? ?
148ABCA1???
???
ATP????
???12??????(motif)??????,???????????
??????????????
149???????????
1.?????????? ??????????
150?? ? ????????????
? ???? ???(????) ???(???????)
1512. ?????
??????apo?????????????
?????????
Brown and Goldstein
152??
- ?????
- ???????,??????B??????????.??????????,????34???
?????,??????23?.???????.???????,???1cm???,?????.H
BV???????(-),?????.???TG2.7mmol/LTCh6.4mmol/L??5
.5mmol/L.B????????????.
??
1.??. 2.???????????????????????????? 3.?????????
?????? 4.?????2 bid 5.???E?? 20mg bid
153- ???(???)
- ?????? ??CoA???
- ß?? ????????
- ???? ????????CoA
- (HMG CoA)???
- ???? ????????????
- ???? ??CoA???
- ????? HMG CoA???
154- ??1?????(18?)?????CO2?H2O???????(??????????),?????
?ATP?????