(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, NMR )

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?9? ??????? (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopy, NMR ) 9.1 NMR?? 9.2 NMR????
?. ???????????? ?. ????????? ?.
???????-???? 9.3 NMR????? ?. ???? ?.
????
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2. ???? 1924?Pauli ???NMR ?????,?,???????????
???,???????????? 1946?Harvard
???Purcel?Stanford???Bloch????????
?NMR??,??1952????Nobel? 1953?Varian????????,????
?????????NMR ? 1956?Knight?????
???????NMR?????,???? ???????????
1970?Fourier(pilsed)-NMR
?????(?????????? NMR ??)?
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9.1 NMR???? ?. ???????????? 1.
?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?
(??????) ?? ? ???????????? P ??
(? ????) ???????? ?(?,H??2.68108T-1s-1)
???, ??h?Planck?? (6.624?10-27erg.sec)m?????
,????????? I ??,m ??2I1???,???? P ? 2I1 ???!
???? 2I1 ?????
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?????????? ???? ???, ??, ?,
B0 ???????(T,Kgs-2A-1),1T104 Gauss
????,?????????????????????????????
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?. ?????????(Relaxation Process) 1. ?????
????????????????,????????????????????,????????????
???Boltzmann?? ????,????,1H??B0?2.3488T
????,????????? 1H ??????0.999984?????????????????
?????16/1,000,000 ! ??????????????,???????,
?????????????????,???????????????,??????????????
???????????????????????????0??????!
????,??????????!
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?1???25oC?,???4.69T???,??????????????????
?2????NMR???????????4.69T????????,?????????????
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2. ?? ????? ???????????????????????????????
?????????????,?????????????????,??????????????????
?,?????????? ?Heisenberg?????,?????E??????
???????(??)???,??????? ???,?

??,???????,???????t??????,??????????????????
?,?????????,???????????????????
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• ????????,?????????????,????????,??????? ?1
  ? ?2 ????,? 0.5-50s ??????????,???????????
• ???????1?? ?2?,???????????,??????!?????????
  ??1??2??1???,????????,??,?NMR???,?????????!
• ??
• ? NMR ???,??????,????
• ??O??????,????????1??,??????
• b) ? NMR ???,?????????,????

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2. ?????????????? ????????????????????,???????B0?
???? ??????,?????????
B?????????,? ?????????????,?????????? ????
?????????????,?????????????,?
?,?????,????????????,????????? ???????????????(?T
MS),??????????? ??????x
??s,?????????? ? ?
???,????????,??????????
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3. ????????? ???
??,?????????(?????)???????????,???NM
R??????? 1)????(Induction)???????????----????????
?(???)---???---???????????---????????   2)????(C
onjugated)?????????,????????????? ? C2H4
? a)???????C2H4?? ?? p-?
??,CH2??????????,????? b)?????? C2H4
?-???,CH2??????????,?????
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4)?????????????,?OH?SH?????????????
???,???????????????? ???????
?????????,??????????? ????????
?????????????? 5)????????? ??CH3CH2OH????????
???,???????????? ?? ??,???? NMR
?,CH2 ?CH2???????????,? ??????????????
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?????????????,????????? 1)??(?)???????????n??????
??,???n1??? ?,CH3CH2OH(21311) 2)??(?)????
???????????(???m??n???)??,??????????????,????mn1
??,?CH3CH2CH3???????,????(m1)(n1)??,?CH3CH2CH2N
O2 3)?????????(ab)n????????? ??n1??????????,?
???????????????????,??????????????????????????????
4)????????,??????????? 5)?????????????????,?ClCH
2CH2Cl,?????? 6)????????????????????????????????
??,????????????,???????(??AB/JAB??20,?
???????????????????????)?????????
?,?????????????,???????????
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???? 1) ClCH2CH2CH2Cl ??????????,3(121)-5(146
41)-3(121) 2)ClCH2CH2Br?????? 3)
CH3CHBrCH3 ??????????2(11)-7(1615201561)-2
(11) 4) CH3CH2CH2Br ??????????2(11)-12(..)-3
5) CH3CH2OCH3 ??????????3(121)-4(1331)-1 6)
Cl-CH2-O-CH3????,23 ??????????1HNMR????????????
?CH3CH2OH,CH3CH2CH2Cl?
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NMR??? ???????,??-???????????????,????????
????????????NMR?????,???????????,??????????NMR???
???,?????????????????? 1)???????????????????????
????J,? ??/J?6 ?,CH3CH2OH?-CH3?-CH2????????1
40Hz,?J7Hz,??????NMR????? 2)????????????????????
????
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1)??????????????????????,?????? ??????0.7046T(30
MHz)?1.4092T(60MHz)?????????,???,??
??,?????????,????????????,????????
????????????,?????????????23?! ?????2
.3T???,?????????????,?????????????
???,???????,?????,????,?????? ??????5.8T???,????
12T,???(?Nb?Ta??)?????(??)?
???????????????,???????,?????,????
???,?????????????????,???????,????
????? ??????10-9-10-10??----?
??????????? 2)??????????????????????????????Hz???
??,????????????????????????,????????CW-NMR?,??????
10-5T????????????? 3)????????????????,???????10-8
,????(??1W)?????1? 4) ??????????
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CW-NMR ?????????,?????? ?????????,?????? ????
???????????,??????? ????????,????????200-300s?????
?,???????,???????(??)? ??????????????????????,????
NMR??? PFT-NMR ????????RF????????,????????
??????,????????????????,???????NMR??,??????,??????
????????????????????(??????,FID)?????????????,????
??,?????????????,??FID????????????? ?????(100?) ?
???????????CWNMR????? ?????????1H,13C??,?????
???????????????????????
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??NMR??????? 1)???? a) ?????????????(??????
?????) b) ??????? 2)?????????????????,?????
?????????????????? 3)??????(20-30?/s)
???????????????????,????????????????,???????????
?,????,????????????????,????????,?????
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?????? ???????? ???????????,???1-3mg(????NMR??10
-30mg)???????????????????????,?TMS ????????
????????????????????,?CCl4, CS2,
CHCl3,?????,???D???,?CHCl3-d1, (CH3)2CO-d6,
H2O-d2(?????) TMS????????,??????? ??????
?????????????????,???????????,????????????