Magnetic Superfluidity (from HPD to Q

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Magnetic Superfluidity (from HPD to Q ball)
Yuriy M. Bunkov
CRTBT - CNRS, Grenoble, France
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• 1. Spin supercurrent
• 2 20 years of homogeneously precessing domain
• Other coherent magnetic states in 3He
• 4. Q-balls

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HPD discovery
1984
A.S. Borovik-Romanov Yu.M. Bunkov V.V.Dmitriev Yu.
M.Mukharsky I.A.Fomin

1. Closed geometry of the cell
2. Digital memory recorder.

1. 100 Long Lived IDS 2. Frequency changes with
amplitude
A.S.Borovik-Romanov, Yu.M.Bunkov, V.V.Dmitriev,
Yu.M.Mukharskiy, JETP Letters v.40, p.1033,
(1984). I.A.Fomin, JETP Letters v.40, p.1036,
(1984).
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Domain with Homogeneous Precession of
Magnetization, 1984
H
D
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Domain with Homogeneous Precession of
Magnetization, 1984
Domain with Homogeneous Precession of
Magnetization, 1984
A.S.Borovik-Romanov, Yu.M.Bunkov, V.V.Dmitriev,
Yu.M.Mukharskiy, JETP Letters v.40, p.1033,
(1984). Sov.Phys.JETPh, v.61, p.1199, (1985).
I.A.Fomin, JETP Letters v.40, p.106, (1984).
H
D
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Domain with Homogeneous Precession of
Magnetization, 1984
Domain with Homogeneous Precession of
Magnetization, 1984
A.S.Borovik-Romanov, Yu.M.Bunkov, V.V.Dmitriev,
Yu.M.Mukharskiy, JETP Letters v.40, p.1033,
(1984). Sov.Phys.JETPh, v.61, p.1199, (1985).
I.A.Fomin, JETP Letters v.40, p.1036, (1984).
H
D
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Domain with Homogeneous Precession of
Magnetization, 1984
Domain with Homogeneous Precession of
Magnetization, 1984
A.S.Borovik-Romanov, Yu.M.Bunkov, V.V.Dmitriev,
Yu.M.Mukharskiy, JETP Letters v.40, p.1033,
(1984). Sov.Phys.JETPh, v.61, p.1199, (1985).
I.A.Fomin, JETP Letters v.40, p.1036, (1984).
JM
H
D
JM A a B b
D
D
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Domain with Homogeneous Precession of
Magnetization, 1984
Domain with Homogeneous Precession of
Magnetization, 1984
A.S.Borovik-Romanov, Yu.M.Bunkov, V.V.Dmitriev,
Yu.M.Mukharskiy, JETP Letters v.40, p.1033,
(1984). Sov.Phys.JETPh, v.61, p.1199, (1985).
I.A.Fomin, JETP Letters v.40, p.1036, (1984).
H
D
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Ed
Ed
0
0
Sz
Lz
1
1
Yu.M.Bunkov, G.E.Volovik, Homogeneously
Precessing Domains in 3He-B, JETP, v.76, p.
794, (1993).
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1. Magnetization conservation
2. Longitudinal Magnetization conservation

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Magnetization transport by Spin Supercurrent
RF
H
H
D
Critical current
Spin vortex phase slippage
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Josephson effect
JM
RF
RF
H
H
D
Linear and non-linear
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Coherent, Magnetically Excited States
Grenoble, 1999
HPD
Catastropha
Catastrophic relaxation Yu.M.Bunkov,
V.V.Dmitriev, Yu.M.Mukharskiy, J.Nyeki,
D.A.Sergatskov, Europhysics Letters, v.8,
p.645, (1989).
PS
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Possible new coherent states
Yu.M.Bunkov, G.E.Volovik, " Homogeneously
Precessing Domains in 3He-B", JETP, v.76, p.
794, (1993).
Yu.M.Bunkov, G.E.Volovik, "On the
possibility of the Homogeneously Precessing
Domain in Bulk 3He-A", Europhys. Lett, v.
21, p. 837 (1993)
V.V.Dmitriev et all. States with fractional
magnetization
V.V.Dmitriev et all. Analog state in Fermi
liquid at non-hydrodinamic regime
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Ed
Ed
0
0
Sz
Lz
1
1
Yu.M.Bunkov, G.E.Volovik, Homogeneously
Precessing Domains in 3He-B, JETP, v.76, p.
794, (1993).
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Nonwetting. conditions for coherent quantum
precession Yu.M.Bunkov, O.D.Timofeevskaya,
G.E.Volovik Phys. Rev. Lett., v. 73. p. 1817,
(1994)
surface energy
L
H
S
S
S
L
L
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Ed
Ed
0
0
Sz
Lz
Sz
Lz
1
1
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Surface Instability of Coherent Precession
Yu.M. Bunkov, V.L. Golo, O.D. Timofeevskaya,
Czechoslovak Journal of Phys. V. 46, S1, p. 213
(1996).
Q
Angles of deflection, degree
S
L
Position, 0.1 mm
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Angles of deflection, degree
Position, 0.1 mm
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2. Coherenent State, which radiates the
Persistent signal
Lancaster
Discovery, Lancaster, 1992 Yu.M.Bunkov,
S.N.Fisher, A.M.Guenault, G.R.Pickett, Phys,
Rev, Letters, v.69, p3092, (1992).
Moscow
Moscow results Yu.M.Bunkov, S.N.Fisher,
A.M.Guenault, G.R.Pickett, S.R.Zakazov,
Physica B, v. 194, p. 827, (1994).
Coherent Spin Precession and Texture in
3He-B.'' Yu.M. Bunkov, LT-21, Czechoslovak
Journal of Phys. V. 46, S1, p. 231 (1996).
Lancaster experimental conformation Yu.M. Bunkov,
D.J. Cousins, M.P.Enrico, S.N.Fisher,
G.R.Pickett, N.S.Shaw, W.Tych, LT-21,
Czechoslovak Journal of Phys. V. 46, S1, p. 233
(1996).
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Q-ball - Spherically symmetric non-topological
soliton with conserved global charge Q
Proposed by S.Coleman (1985) in frame of
relativistic field theory as a semi-classical
model of elementary particles formation
Current interest due to Q-balls dark matter model
E(mQ) lt SE(Q)
m
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Ed
1
25
w
W
L
90
S
x
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W
L
90
S
x
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Spatial case
Follow Voislav Golo algorithm (15 equations)
S
Yu.M.Bunkov, V.L.Golo, J Low Temp Phys, to be
published
L
H
E grad E surf
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Angles of deflection, degree
Position, 0.1 mm
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Angles of deflection, degree
Position, 0.1 mm
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Angles of deflection, degree
Position, 0.1 mm
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Max NMR shift
Larmore freq.
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3D Q-ball
S
L
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Q ball on topological defect
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Computer simulation Grenoble 2004
H
Follow Voislav Golo algorithm
Calculations of a spatial deflection of spin and
orbit on basis of Poisson brackets and Takagi
relaxation
z
LH
Lz
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Grenoble, 2004
Angles of deflection, degree
Position, 0.1 mm
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Grenoble, 2004
Angles of deflection, degree
Position, 0.1 mm
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1 HPD
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S
L
H
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Non-linear Stationary Spin Waves in Flared out
texture
First observation of Spin Waves in Orbital
Texture D.D.Osheroff, Physica B, 90, 20 (1977).

NMR of Rotated superfluid 3He-B O.T.Ikkala,
G.E.Volovik, P.Y.Hakonen, Yu.M.Bunkov,
S.T.Islander, G.A.Haradze, JETP Letters
v.35, p.416 (1982).
Before rotation
During rotation
After rotation
H
Angle L-H
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Grenoble experiments with Non-linear Stationary
Spin Waves
A.-S. Chen, Yu.M. Bunkov, H. Godfrin, R.
Schanen, F. Scheffer. J. Low Temp. Phys, 110,
p. 51, (1998).
0.25 Tc
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Non-linear Stationary Spin-waves or Q ball, if
you like! A.S. Chen,Yu. M. Bunkov, H. Godfrin,
R. Schanen and F. Scheffler J. of Low Temp. Phys.
113, 693 (1998).
Following Landau and Lifchitz we consider an
anharmonic oscillator with a third order of
nonlinearity
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wgH Hz
D
H
H
D
wgH
Quantum billiard
Anne-Sophie CHEN, Ph D Thesis, Grenoble, (1999)
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Grenoble, 1999
Off-resonante NMR excitation
D.J.Cousins, S.N.Fisher, A.I.Gregory,
G.R.Pickett, N.S.Shaw, Phys. Rev. Lett, 82,
4484, (1999)
Anne-Sophie CHEN, Ph D Thesis, Grenoble, (1999)
wrf
wdd
wQb
wrf
d
p
s
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Identity of Non-linear SSW and Persistent Signals
. A.-S. Chen, Yu.M. Bunkov, H. Godfrin, R.
Schanen, F. Scheffer. J. Low Temp. Phys, 110,
p. 51, (1998).
Grenoble, 1997
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Conclusions
1. First Excited Coherent Quantum State of 3He,
discovered in 1984, has very reach magnetic
extension of superfluid properties The Spin
supercurrent, Josephson phenomena, phase
slippage, spin vortices, magnetis coherent states
etc. was found
2. The catastrophic relaxation is now completely
explained
3. Q ball - like structures forms and can be
found experimentally in superfluid 3He as a
localized modes of SSW. They can be attracted by
topological defects. 3He is a very good
experimental system for studying Q -balls.
4. PS radiates by SSW mode condensed in the
minima of texture potential At low
temperatures Orbital momentum participate in
Magnetization precession

• 5. Many interesting results by Lancaster Group
• Spatial Manipulation of the Persistent
  Precessing Spin Domain in Superfluid 3He-B
• By D. I. Bradley D. O. Clubb S. N. Fisher
  A. M. Guénault C. J. Matthews G.
  R.PickettP.Skyba
• J. Low Temp.Phys, 134, 351, (2004 ) and
  references there

6. Off-resonance excitation, original properties
of Q - ball type soliton solutions
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Order parameter in superfluid 3He-B
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LR(nQ) S
L
n
S