T2K Near Detector???? ????MPPC(SiPM)?????

1
T2K Near Detector????????MPPC(SiPM)?????
Contents

1. Introduction
2. MPPC Signal p.e peak
3. Gain, Noise Rate, Cross talk Measurement
4. Summary

• Fine Grained Detector in T2K Near Detector
• Requirement for the Photo Sensor
• About MPPC, Motivation

???????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?
2
Fine Grained Detector
T2K Near Detector ??FGD????? 11.5mmf? ??????1?1?
??????? ???? ??????
3
Requirement for the photo sensor
fine grained detector
????????????

• ????????????????????
• ???(0.2T)???? (off-axis)
• MIPlow energy proton
• ?????

• ???????????
• ???????????
• ?????????
• ????????
• Dynamic Range 200

????????????????????? MPPC(SiPM)???????????????
4
Advantage of Multi Pixel Photon Counter
PMT APD MPPC
Gain H.V ??????? 106 107 12kV Problematic 100200 100500V OK 106107 2080V OK
high gain
low bias V
Dynamic Range 1600
low cost is expected
MPPC?FGD???????????????????
????FGD???? ????MPPC????????
5
MPPC?????
???APD pixel
1001600 APD pixels /mm2
1pixel

• ??????????
• ?????????????
• ????????????
• ???????
• (Geiger discharge)

Quenching Resister
MPPC

• ???pixel?analog sum
• ??????????
• MPPC ???????discharge
• ?????pixel?????

pixel?discharege????? charge???????????? pixel????
???breakdown V ???????discharge?????
6
???Motivation
Motivation
MPPC?FGD??????????? ????????????
Pixel 1001600 Bias V 3474 (v) ??? 1mm2
Signal width 5100ns
????????????HPK? 10??????4??????????????????

• ?????p.e??????
• ???????
• -- Gain, Noise Rate, Cross Talk
• (Bias V ???????)

7
Signal p.e peak
raw signal
1p.e
2p.e
LED??????? ?????
HPK100a
3p.e
1mV/div 100ns/div
????p.e ?????? ??????
Great Performance for Photon Counting!
HPK100a V48.0 by blue LED
???45 p.e ????? ????????
number of event
30p.e
????????2?? ???????
pixel???Gain? ???????
adc count
8
Gain ???
20ns pulse
gate generator
Blue LED
clock generator

• ???????MPPC
• ????????
• MPPC Gain ?Bias V,
• ????????
• ????????? ?20?????

gate
WLS
preamp
ADC
MPPC
charge sensitive
10 100
calculate MPPC gain from 1p.e-0p.e count
9
Gain v.s Bias V (20?)
Quenching Resister
????? CpixelRquench

• Gain1105 2107
• dG/dV Cpixel /1.61019

known value
??????
Pixel???capacitance
104
103
Gain
Gain
HPK400b
HPK100a
47
48.4
47.5
49.5
bias voltage (V)
bias voltage (V)
10
Gain v.s Bias V
Gain
Rus600d
Rus600a

• Gain3105 2107
• dG/dV depends on
• Capacitance of a pixel
• T20?

Rus600b
Rus600c
bias voltage (V)
Gain
Gain
HPK100f
HPK100a
HPK100d
number of pixel
HPK100e
HPK400b
HPK1600a
bias voltage (V)
bias voltage (V)
11
Noise Rate???

• MPPC???????????????
• (1p.e???? typical)
• ??? ???????????
• 2?????? threshold???????

???????? threshold
charge??? threshold
event
0p.e
0.5p.e or 1.5p.e th
MPPC output
adc
MPPC output
1p.e
discriminator
scaler
random gate
no LED
no LED
0.5p.e
take as noise
1p.e pulse
0.5p.e
adc count
12
Noise Rate v.s Bias V (20?)
noise rate (Hz)
noise rate (Hz)
HPK100a
HPK400b
HPK100d
HPK100f
HPK100e
HPK1600a
bias voltage (V)
noise rate (Hz)
bias voltage (V)
0.5p.e threshold by pulse height
0.5p.e threshold by charge
????????
RUS14
RUS23
RUS20
RUS22
1.5p.e threshold by pulse height
bias voltage (V)
13
Cross talk Rate measurement

• ???1???????discharge?????,???????discharge?????
  ????cross talk Rate????????

cross talk Rate?

• 0.5p.e th,1.5p.e th ?noise rate???
• LED?????,ADC?????????????

?2???????
14
?????????Cross Talk Rate???
LED???p.e??????????? 0p.e???????????????????Cross
talk Rate????
0p.e
integration???(p.e??)
1p.e
by LED
event
2p.e
ratio
Cross Talk??? ??????????? ?????
3p.e
adc count
ratio
HPK400b V48.6
HPK400b V47.8
??????
1p.e ratio? ????? Cross Talk Rate???
???
p.e
p.e
low voltage ????????
15
X-talk v.s bias V (20?)
Rus600d
X- talk Rate
Rus600c
X- talk Rate
???????? ???????
Rus600b
Rus600a
by poisson law
by noise rate
HPK100a
HPK400b
bias voltage (V)
16
Photon Detection Efficiency measurement
(rough measurement yet)

• ???????MPPC?LED???????????
• ?????????????????
• ??setup?MPPC???????????????
• ?????????

??? 20?
y
1pixel??discharge?????????????????????pulse
height ?????(?????????????)
blue LED 10ns
MPPC
x
??????
?40cm
17
Signal (p.e) v.s Noise Rate
signal height (p.e)
21-53-2A-3(100f)
5-63-1A-2(100d)
21-53-1A-3(100e)
1-32-21(400b)
5-31-22(1600a)
RUSSIA14 (600a)
1-43-22(100a)
noise rate (Hz)
18
noise rate (Hz)
noise rate (Hz)
HPK400b
HPK100a
Gain
Gain
19
noise rate (Hz)
noise rate (Hz)
RUS600a
HPK100f
HPK100e
RUS600b
RUS600c
RUS600d
HPK100d
Gain
Gain
20
Low bias V?????? (HPK100a)
MPPC ??????blue LED?????? ???????????
bias V???????
V41.7
V47.0
?????
Geiger discharge? ?????????
1mV/div 100ns/div
V10????????? Geiger discharge??? ?????
21
V47.0
no LED
100pixel?,?pixel ?????????? ???????
LED 2V
LED 3V
pixel???break down voltage??????????????
Geiger discharge??????
LED 5V
100pixel
??????????????pixel? ????????????
some
the others
Geiger mode
Avalanche mode
22
Unknown Behavior
HPK??4??MPPC???????????ADC?? ?????
number of event
HPK1-63-1A-22 by LED
???

• ??????? Gain?????
• ??????
• X-Talk

???????2?????? ?????
HPK?????? ???????
adc count
23
Noise Rate, X-talk Rate v.s Gain
Noise Rate lt 1MHz
noise rate (Hz)
X-talk Rate lt 35

cross talk Rate
0.4
HPK100f
HPK400b
106
RUS600b
HPK100a
HPK100d
HPK100d
???pixel?Geiger mode???breakdown
V ????????????????????????
HPK100e
HPK100f
HPK100e
HPK400b
RUS600b
HPK100a
106
107
106
107
Gain
Gain
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Summary

• HPK???????SiPM??????????p.e ????????
• ???????????

• Gain v.s Bias V Gain 2107
• Noise Rate v.s Bias V Noise Rate lt 1MHz
• Cross Talk Rate v.s Bias V X-talk Rate lt 35

Future Plan

• Q.E, Pulse linearity ??? (PMT as Reference)
• ????,breakdown voltage??????????????,?????????MPC?
  ??
• ??????_at_KEK

25
???pixel?Geiger mode???breakdown V???????pixel
saturation???????Bias V?????
???

• pixel??discharge
• ????(recovery time)ltLED?????
  ?????????saturation???????
  pulse height??? or
• ??????????????
• ???????????????Geiger mode????????????????
• PDE???????saturation??????????????????

26
????????????

• Bias V???????
• ?????????????????m??????????????0.5V??????

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Supplement
28
Break down Voltage
100p.e saturation
number of event
HPK100a? ??Bias V???? ??????p.e?? saturate????
HPK100a V48.0
100pixel?30pixel ?????????? ???????
30p.e
HPK100a V47.2 LED full intensity
100pixel
30
70
Geiger mode
Avalanche mode
adc count
pixel???break down voltage??????????????
29
HPK400a
V47.5
V48.5
V48.3
V49.0
V49.6
V48.8
V50.1
V50.85
V49.8
30
Pixel Saturation ??????
100ns
100????SiPM?LED (10ns)?????????? saturation
signal ???
5mV
500mV
long tail
1 p.e signal
?????pulse height ?saturate?????? ?tail????????? ?
???charge?saturate????????
saturation signal
HPK21-53-1A-3 (100pixel)
???saturation???????????????tail ?????
31
Unknown Behavior

• Possibility that pixels gain are divided
• to two pattern

number of event

• such a behavior
• was seen in
• HPKs 4 SiPMs
• currently we are
• researching this in detail

HPK100b
? p.e peak
adc count
32
??
type4
type1
type1
SiPM ID
5-31-22 (1600a)
1-21A-21 (1600b)
1-22-2A-22 (400a)
????? ???(µm) Vb(V) ?????(ns) quench??(kO)
1600 25 79 5 135
1600 25 55 5 135
400 50 55 10 180
Vr(V) Id(nA)
73.5 4.6
49.5 19
48.7 4.7
1-32-21 (400b)
1-43-22 (100a)
1-63-1A-22 (100b)
1-63-1A-23 (100c)
400 50 53 10 108
100 100 52 100 270
100 100 54 60 270
100 100 53 60 270
type2
type5
type1
type1
48.4 54
48.4 625
49.6 15
48.1 48
5-63-1A-2 (100d)
21-53-1A-3 (100e)
21-53-2A- 3 (100f)
100 100 53 40 270
100 100 75 12 42
100 100 76 40 147
type3
type6
type6
72.7 24.7
70.6 21.7
70.6 19.8
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????

• ????????HPK????????
• ??????1p.e????????1/2????????
• Vb?????100µA?????????
• Vr???0????????10nA??????????????
• ??????????????1000?(10µA)?????????
• Id?Vr???????????????????????????

34
Noise Rate v.s Bias V (20?)
106
noise rate (Hz)
105
104
103
HPK100a
HPK400b
102
47
49
bias V (V)
0.5p.e threshold by pulse height
????????
0.5p.e threshold by charge
1.5p.e threshold by pulse height