CXI Photon Controls and Data Systems

1
Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument Final
Instrument Design Review

• CXI Photon Controls and Data Systems
• Gunther Haller

2
XES Near Far Hall Hutches and Beamline Layout
(not to scale)
230 m
AMO
SXR
MEC
3
LCLS X-Ray Endstation (XES) Provided Controls
Subsystems

• Following sub-systems are provided to CXI by LCLS
  XES and are thus not described in this review
  (reviewed separately)
• Hutch Protection System
• Machine Protection System
• User Safeguards (include Oxygen Deficiency
  Monitoring)
• Laser Femto-Second Timing System
• Machine Timing System
• Networking
• EPICS Control system
• Online/Offline Processing System
• 2-D Pixel Array Detector

4
Specification and Interface Control Documents

• Released Engineering Specification Documents
  (detailed requirements regarding controls and
  data systems needs of instrument)
• CXI Controls ESD (SP-391-001-13)
• CXI DAQ ESD (SP-391-001-18)
• Released Interface Control Documents (specify
  where the interface is, who is responsible for
  what)
• XES-LUSI ICD (1.1.523)
• XES CXI Controls ICD (SP-391-001-14)
• Status all documents are released
• http//confluence.slac.stanford.edu/display/PCDS/C
  XI_XCS-PDR

5
Reviews

• CXI Controls and Data Systems Preliminary Design
  Review held May 11, 09
• Presentations are at
• http//confluence.slac.stanford.edu/display/PCDS/C
  XI_XCS-PDR
• Many controls items are already used in other
  (earlier) photon sections, XTOD and AMO, both are
  past the Final Design Review stage and are being
  assembled. XTOD is in the commissioning stage. In
  addition XPP will be installed before CXI.

6
Risks and Procurements

• No technical, schedule, cost risk items except
• Usual risk that devices are changed or added
  without controls being informed
• Mitigated by
• Regular meetings
• Keep ESD and ICD documents up-to-date
• No long term lead-time or gt 100k items
• Components are ordered with sufficient margin

7
ESH

• Hutch Protection Systems provided by LCLS XES,
  hutch 3 (CXI) is the fourth hutch to be operated
• Same for User Safeguards (Oxygen Deficiency
  Monitor)
• Electrical Safety
• All cables/equipment are rated for their use
• All equipment will be NRTL listed or inspected
  and approved under SLAC's Electrical Equipment
  Inspection Program

8
CXI Instrument
All Early Science except
9
Controls Subsystems

• Vacuum
• Motion
• Viewing
• Power Supplies
• Racks and Cabling
• Other items
• Software EPICS/Python/Qt
• Type of controls
• Valve Control
• Vacuum Controls
• Pop-In Profile Monitor Controls
• Pop-In Intensity Monitor Controls
• Intensity-Position Monitor Controls
• Slit Controls
• Attenuator Controls
• Pulse Picker Controls
• KB Mirror Controls
• X-Ray Focusing Lense Control
• Sample Environment Controls

10
CXI Components to Control

• X-Ray Optics KB system
• Motion
• Vendor provided, integration with LCLS
• Reference Laser
• Motion
• Sample Environment
• Sample Chamber
• Motion, vacuum, vision
• Ion ToF
• HV, DC/pulser, digitizer
• Instrument Stand
• Motion
• Detector Stage
• Motion, vacuum, thermal
• Particle Injector
• Motion, vacuum, digitizer, vision, integration of
  commercial component
• Vacuum System
• Valve and Vacuum Controls

11
CXI Components to Control cont

• Diagnostics and Common Optics
• Pop-In Profile Monitor
• Motion, Viewing
• Pop-In Intensity
• Motion, Digitization
• Intensity Position
• Motion, Digitization
• Slit System
• Motion
• Attenuator
• Motion
• Pulse-Picker
• Motion, Viewing
• X-Ray Focusing Lense
• Motion
• CXI specific interface and programming
• Racks Cabling
• Workstations
• Vision Cameras

12
EPICS/Python/Qt

• EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial
  Control System)
• Control software for RT systems
• Monitor (pull scheme)
• Alarm
• Archive
• Widely used at SLAC and other labs
• More http//www.aps.anl.gov/epics/
• Python/Qt is a user interface between the EPICS
  drivers and records and the user
• System is used for XTOD and AMO, provided as part
  of the XES Photon Controls Infrastructure

13
Example of Python/Qt user interface
14
Example Vacuum

• All gauge controllers are MKS 937A
• Interface
• Terminal server DIGI TS16 MEI
• Automation Direct PLC
• All ion pump controllers are Gama Vacuum DIGITEL
  MPC dual
• All valves are controlled by PLC relay module
• The out/not-out state of all valves go into the
  MPS system to prevent damage if a valve closes
  unexpectedly.

15
Example Motion

• Control System provides support for all motions
• Motors
• IMS MDrive Plus2 integrated controller and motor
• IMS MForce Plus2 controller for control of in
  vacuum and other specialized motors
• Newport motor controllers
• Others as required
• Pneumatic motion
• Solenoid Driver chassis, SLAC 385-001

16
Fast (DAQ) Camera System
17
Data System Architecture
Photon Control Data Systems (PCDS)?
XPP specific
Beam Line Data
L1 Acquisition (Many)
Digitizers Cameras
L2 Processing (Many)
Timing
L0 Control (One)
L3 Data Cache (Many)

• DAQ system primary features
• Trigger and readout
• Process and veto
• Monitoring
• Storage
• Provided to CXI by XES, same system as used for
  AMO and XPP

18
CXI 2D-Detector Control and DAQ Chain
Vacuum
Ground-isolation
Fiber
Cornell detector/ASIC with SLAC quadrant board
Carrier Board
ATCA crate with SLAC DAQ Boards
SAC RCE ATCA Module

• Each Cornell detector has 36,000 pixels
• Controlled and read out using Cornell custom ASIC
• 36,000 front-end amplifier circuits and
  analog-to-digital converters
• Initially 16 x 32,000-pixel devices, then up to
  64 x 32,000-pixel devices
• 4.6 Gbit/sec average with gt 10 Gbit/sec peak

19
CXI Online Processing

• Electronics gain correction (in RCE)
• Response of amplifying electronics is mapped
  during calibration
• Science data images are corrected for channel
  gain non-uniformity non-linearity.
• Dark image correction (in RCE)
• Dark images accumulated between x-ray pulses
• Averaged dark image subtracted from each science
  data image
• Flat field correction (in RCE)
• Each science data image is corrected for
  non-uniform pixel response
• Event filtering (in RCE or later)
• Events are associated with beam line data (BLD)
  via timestamp and vetoed based upon BLD values.
  Veto action is recorded.
• Images may be sparsified by predefined regions of
  interest.

20
CXI Online Processing cont

• Event processing (processing stage)
• Examples are
• Sparcification (region of interest)
• Locating center
• Reducing data by binning pixels
• Mask errant pixels (saturated, negative intensity
  from dark image subtraction due to e.g. noise,
  non-functioning pixels, edge pixels from moving
  center)
• Filling in missing data with centro-symmetric
  equivalent points
• Transforming camera geometry due solid angle
  coverage and dead space between tiles
• Radial averaging, showing intensity versus
  scattering angle or momentum transfer
• Compute 2D autocorrelation function (single FFT)
  and store. Essentially at rate of 1 Hz with 4 MB
  (2Mpixel x 2 bytes) frames.
• Peak finding (locate and fit Gaussian intensity
  peaks). There may be multiple peaks in some cases
  and the peak finding algorithms should be able to
  identify up to a few thousand peaks.
• The CXI instrument will have an Ion
  Time-of-Flight which will produce data at 120Hz.
  The online processing of this data involves data
  reduction based on thresholding and vetoing based
  on thresholding or the fitting of peak positions
  and height.

21
CXI Monitoring

• A copy of the data is distributed (multicast) to
  monitoring nodes on the DAQ subnet.
• The monitoring nodes will provide displays for
  experimenters viewing
• corrected detector images at 5 Hz
• histories of veto rates, beam intensity, other
  BLD values.
• Reduced analysis of sampled binned data (versus
  scan parameter) or other processing tbd
• Implemented with Qt (C/Python open source GUI)

22
Common Diagnostics Readout

• E.g. intensity, profile monitor, intensity
  position monitors
• E.g. Canberra PIPS or IRD SXUV large area diodes
  (single or quad)
• Amplifier/shaper/ADC for control/calibration/reado
  ut

FEL

• Four-diode design

• On-board calibration circuits not shown

• Board designed, fabricated, loaded, is in test

23
WBS for LUSI XPP Controls Data Systems

• 1.6.4.1 XPP H3 Controls Requirements, Design and
  Setup
• 1.6.4.2 XPP H3 Standard Hutch Controls
• 1.6.4.3 XPP H3 Specific Controls

24
Milestones

• Controls Dates for Installation in
  FEH (incremental installation driven by
  instrument component availability)
• Start Early April 2010
• Finish Early Nov 2010
• Finish Early Science Commissioning before May
  2011

25
Summary

• Interface and Requirements documents released
• Clear what needs to be done
• No issues, design meets requirements
• Design Mature
• Most items are already used (hardware and
  software) in XTOD and AMO, plus XPP ahead of CXI
• CXI Preliminary Design Review completed
• Most items similar to XTOD and AMO and XPP which
  already had Final Design Reviews for Controls and
  Data Systems (XTOD is being installed, AMO will
  follow in July 09)
• Team
• Engineers and technicians from PPA Research
  Engineering Group, sufficient man-power available
  for CXI