Animal Body Systems

1
Animal Body Systems

• Objectives(At the end of this lecture you
  should be able to)
• Summarize the functions of the digestive,
  respiratory, circulatory, nervous, skeletal and
  excretory systems.
• Compare a gastro vascular cavity with a one-way
  digestive system.
• Differentiate open from closed circulatory
  systems.
• Distinguish asexual from sexual reproduction.

2
Body Systems are specialized to carry out
different tasks

• Simple animals like sponges carry out the many
  tasks of living with little specialization in the
  cells of their body.
• More complex animals have evolved tissues and
  organs that are specialized to perform specific
  functions.

3
Body Systems are specialized to carry out
different tasks

• Seven important functions of these tissues and
  organs are
• Digestion
• Respiration
• Circulation
• Conduction of nerve impulses
• Support
• Excretion
• Reproduction

4
Digestion

• Purpose Obtain energy nutrients
• Sponges digest their food with their body cells
• Simple animals, such as flatworms, have a gastro
  vascular cavity a digestive cavity with only one
  opening.
• More complex animals, like us, have a digestive
  tract with two openings mouth and anus.

5
Respiration

• Purpose Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide gases
• Can only take place across a moist surface.
• In simple animals like jellyfish gasses are
  exchanged directly with their environment through
  diffusion.
• More complex animals have specialized respiratory
  structures like gills or lungs.

6
Circulation

• Purpose Transport oxygen and nutrients to the
  other parts of the body
• There are 2 types of circulatory systems
• Open heart pumps fluid containing oxygen through
  a series of vessels is dumped into the body
  cavity.
• Closed heart pumps blood through a system of
  blood vessels. The blood stays in the vessels
  the whole time.

OPEN
CLOSED
7
Conduction of nerve impulses

• Purpose Coordinate the activities in an animals
  body and allow animal to sense and respond to
  environment.
• Simple animals, like hydra, have little
  coordination among their nerve cells.
• Complex animals, like grasshoppers, have nerve
  cords/ganglia a brain.

8
Support Skeletal

• Purpose Provide a framework that supports the
  body.
• Many soft-bodied invertebrates have a hydrostatic
  skeleton made of water like a filled water
  balloon.
• Other invertebrates, such as insects crabs,
  have an exoskeleton a rigid external skeleton.
• Complex animals, like dogs, have an endoskeleton
  hard material such as bone embedded within the
  animal.

9
Excretion

• Purpose Removal of wastes from cellular
  metabolism (CO2, ammonia, etc.)
• Simple aquatic invertebrates some fishes pass
  it through their skin/gills by diffusion.
• More complex animals have specialized excretory
  structures like kidneys.

10
Reproduction

• Purpose produce offspring to ensure that the
  species survives
• Two types of reproduction
• Asexual does not involve fusion of two gametes.
• EX A sponge can reproduce by fragmenting its
  body. Sea anemones pull apart into 2 individuals
• Sexual a new individual is formed by the union
  of a male and female gamete.
• EX egg sperm fertilization blastula

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Is this sexual or asexual reproduction?
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Fun Funky Fact Sea horse reproduction

• Pregnant sea horse fathers give birth.
• A female sea horse inserts her eggs into a pouch
  on the males abdomen, where they are fertilized.
  The male incubates the eggs until they are fully
  developed and then gives birth to tiny sea
  horses.

13
Fertilization

• There are two types of fertilization
• External occurs outside the body
• EX Most aquatic animals simply release the male
  and female gametes near one another in the water,
  where fertilization occurs..think opening scene
  of Finding Nemo.they were outside the mom.
• Internal occurs inside the females body
• EX Animals that live on land dont have water so
  the gametes would dry out. Internal
  fertilization allows it to take place in a moist
  environment.

14

• Objectives
• (At the end of this lecture you should be able
  to)
• Summarize the functions of the digestive,
  respiratory, circulatory, nervous, skeletal and
  excretory systems.
• Compare a gastro vascular cavity with a one-way
  digestive system.
• Differentiate open from closed circulatory
  systems.
• Distinguish asexual from sexual reproduction.

15
Quick Test

• Which two body systems in most animals are
  involved in taking up oxygen from the environment
  and transporting oxygen to body cells?
• Digestive Respiratory
• Respiratory Circulatory
• Circulatory Nervous
• Nervous Excretory

16
The correct answer is

• B

17
Todays classwork

• Directed Reading Worksheet (page 5)
• Use your notes /or Chapter 27, Section 2 to
  complete this in full sentences.
• This is an independent assignment
• Is due before you leave ?