Ancient Learning

1
Ancient Learning

• Evidence that implies teaching learning
• Babylon
• Scribe class/tablet writers/commerce/ Royal
  courts
• Egypt
• Scribal instruction/basic literacy
• Greeks
• Sophists (5th C BCE) Greek teachers of wisdom
  spoke out on social issues, regarded as paid
  teachers, and taught others how to live
  successfully

2
Ancient Learning

• The Greats
• Socrates (469399 BCE)
• Dialectic to define essence of anything
• Instruction does not require buildingsmarketplac
  e. Plato created an academy outside of Athens
  (335 BCE 529 AD)
• Plato studied w/Socrates and Aristotle studied
  w/Plato.
• Additional schools of philosophy in Greece
• Alexandria Museum, 300 BCE
• Collecting place for manuscripts, attracts
  scholars, research center, library holding
  120,000 single books
• Similar Centers
• Mark Anthony, Julius Caesar, Asia Minor

3
Ancient Learning

• Learning supported by Royal Court w/o much
  interference
• Christian Rome replaces Greek as center of
  learning
• Emergence of licensing of schools, allocation of
  space for schools
• 8th C AD Church controls education to Dark Ages
• 11th C Europe begins to emerge from Dark Ages
• Trade, commerce, formation of guilds
• Pope Gregory VII supports cathedral schools to
  educate clergy

4
Ancient Learning

• Women in Education
• Education reserved for males
• Some mention of learned nuns and women teachers
  of the young
• Apostle Paul stated A woman must be a learner,
  listening quietly and with due submission. But I
  suffer not a woman to be a teacher, nor should a
  woman be allowed to usurp a mans authority, but
  must remain silent.

5
Ancient Learning

• Women in Education cont.
• Aristotle woman was defective male ?
• Role Marriage and children or convent
• Some exceptions Dorotea Bocci 1390
  philosophy/Bologna

6
Ancient Learning

• Early Medieval (7th -12th C in Europe)
• Obstacles to Education
• Church main educator
• Universities suppose to search for Classical and
  Christian thought
• Political situation
• Lack of interest
• Thought of as Vocational Institutions
• Open Access
• Lack of physical equipment

7
Ancient Learning

• Pre-1500 era
• Universities provided little social status
• 11th and 12 centuries
• Universities went from Monasteries to Cathedral
  schools
• Academic Life Theology Law (Canon)
• Subjects taught The Seven Liberal Arts
• Trivium grammar, rhetoric, and dialect
• Quadtrivium arithmetic, geometry, astronomy,
  music
• 12th C. Philosophy included

8
Ancient Learning

• 12th Century Europe
• 4 Stages in the Development of the Medieval
  University
• Written laws 1210 Paris reference to a written
  document
• Right to be sued 1212 University of Paris sued
  in Papal Court by local religious authority
• Official seal proof of existence of funds to
  pay debts (Dartmouth case)
• Approval to collect money and engage in
  transactions 1215 Pope gives Univ. of Paris
  authority to make its own rules etc.

9
Ancient Learning

• Chancellor
• Paris had restrictive authority
• England Broaden authority (spiritual, civil,
  criminal jurisdiction)
• Students
• Teachers
• Townspeople
• University/Town relationship
• Murder
• Tavern Fights
• Hostile Mayors

10
Ancient Learning

• Prerequisites for becoming a student
• Latin, read, write, speak, typical age 14
  course of study 5 years
• Letter of Recommendation
• Poor Scholars

11
Ancient Learning

• Student schedule-Bologna 1517
• Rise 4 am
• Arts Lecture 5 am
• Mass Breakfast 6 am
• Classes 8 to 10 am
• Formal debates before noon meal
• Repetitions (questions about lectures)
• Lectures 3to 5 pm
• Disputations (explanation of a statement or
  theory) 5 to 6 pm
• Repetitions after evening meal (beer was
  common)
• Bed 9 pm
• Fines (gambling, handball, swordplay, animals,
  prostitution)
• Only Latin spoken in the Halls
• No weapons
• Punishment deprivation of commons or meals
  (Flogging?)

12
Ancient Learning

• Course of Study
• Baccalaureate
• 5 years
• Determination exam given by a faculty member
  and open to the public during lent
• Masters
• Additional study
• Proscribed readings/disputations/permission to
  teach, pass an exam
• PhD
• 1366 theology
• 16 years beyond masters
• 35 years old

13
Ancient Learning

• Oxford Cambridge
• The roots of US Higher Education
• Oxford
• Full university towards the close of the 12th C
• Specialized Arts, civil and canon law,
  theology, medicine (added 13th C)
• Cambridge
• Specialized Arts, canon law, theology, civil
  law, medicine (later time)
• 14th C students at least 14 years, average age
  15-17, undergraduate curriculum-classical