Imperialism in India and China

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Imperialism in India and China

• British take over even more

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Reasons Why

• By 1763 British had driven rival France out of
  India
• Conquest facilitated by
• Military inferiority of India
• Languages over a dozen main languages and 200
  dialects
• Religion 20 Muslim, 80 Hindu bitterly
  antagonistic toward each other
• Caste System kept people from cooperating
• Political divisions over 600 states

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British Influence in India

• Because of the Industrial Revolution, sea routes
  replace overland routes
• 1600- East India Company (Britain) is formed,
  which built trading posts and forts in India
• French East India Company does the same, and the
  French challenge the British for control
• 1757-Battle of Plassey- East India Co. defeats
  the French East India Co. by using British and
  Indian soldiers
• British Government in India was known as the Raj

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Benefits(?) of British Raj

• Education reforms- new universities and schools
• Irrigation projects
• Reformed police and judicial system
• Encouraged cotton industry
• Built railroads, telegraph lines, canals, and
  roads across the country

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Harmful Effects

• Indians begin to show unrest
• British discriminate against the natives
• Changed ancient Indian ways
• Grow cotton, not wheat
• Led to the starvation and death of millions of
  Indians.

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Sepoy Rebellion

• Sepoy- Indian soldier in the British Army
• British attempt to impose European and Christian
  customs
• Immediate Cause
• British bullets are greased with the fat of cows
  (offended Hindus) and pigs (offended Muslims)
• Sepoys had to use their teeth to open the
  packages
• Sepoys revolt for 1 year
• Many British are killed, and kill thousands of
  Indians in return
• 1858-Parliament removes East India Company, and
  send in viceroy to rule for monarch

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Can they do that?

• 1876, after Disraeli secures Suez Canal,
  Parliament declares Queen Victoria the Empress of
  India
• India is known as the Brightest Jewel of the
  British Empire

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Results of Sepoy Rebellion

• General Unhappiness with British rule
• Indians outraged by food shortages and other
  problems
• Indians want self-rule
• 1885-Indian National Congress
• Greater role for Indians in their government
• Ironically, the people pushing for the INC were
  Indians who had been educated in the British
  schools and felt a strong nationalistic sentiment

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Dailies

• What is the name of the racial system in India?
• Name two benefits of British rule in India.
• Name two harmful effects of their rule.
• What was the Sepoy Rebellion?
• What were the results of the Sepoy Rebellion?

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So, Whats up with China?

• 1644 Qing Dynasty (Manchus) take over Ming
• Lifted restrictions on foreign travel, began
  international trade
• China attracted Europeans because
• Huge population market cheap labor
• Mineral resources
• Luxury goods tea and silk
• Manchus lacked military power

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Dont do Drugs

• British were paying tons of silver for Chinese
  luxury goods
• Began selling Indian Opium (much better quality)
  to China for silver
• Trade Reversal
• Millions of Chinese became addicted, affected
  both work and families

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Opium War

• Qing emperor tried to block Opium trade
• War broke out in 1839
• Treaty of Nanking (1842)
• Ended war
• Hong Kong British colony, opened up 5 more ports
  to foreigners (not just Canton), by 1900 over 90
  ports open to foreigners
• Opium continued to enter China
• Foreign Spheres of influence drawn up in China

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US in China

• US could not get a foothold because of the
  spheres of influence
• Came up with Open Door Policy which proposed
  equal trade with China for all nations
• Other Imperialist nations did not accept, but
  earned US good relations with China

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Revolution in Qing China

• Manchus
• Kept civil service exams
• Female infanticide increased
• Women confined to traditional duties
• Chinese men forced to distinguish themselves from
  foreigners by wearing queue, braided ponytail
• Gap between rich and poor grew
• men of nobility let fingernails grow extremely
  long to show they did not have to work

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Decline of Qing

• By end of 18th C.,
• Civil service exam riddled with bribery
• Dams, bridges, canals, etc fallen to disrepair
• Bandits a problem
• Opium problem

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Rebellions

• Many rebellions broke out between 1850s and 1860s
• Taiping Rebellion was one of them, promoted
  social reform, womens rights, and land
  redistribution
• Scholar-gentry ended the rebellion

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Boxer Rebellion

• 1898-1901
• Boxers were Chinese Manchus
• Uprising to drive out all foreigners
• International force put down rebellion (Europe,
  US, and Japan)
• Ended Qing rule

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Chinese Republic (1911-1912)

• Sun Yat-Sen
• Leader during Taiping Rebellion
• Peoples Livelihood Wanted benefits for peasants
  and workers
• Nationalism Freedom from foreign imperialists
• Democracy Elect officials
• 1911 overthrew Qing

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Dailies Imperialism in China

• Who was Sun Yat-sen?
• Why did the Chinese have to wear a queue under
  the rule of the Qing?
• Where were the Qing from?
• What was the goal of the Boxer Rebellion?
• Why did an international force put down the Boxer
  Rebellion?