How musical lines interact

1
Musical Texture (Harmony), Form, and Style

• How musical lines interact

2
What is Musical Texture (Harmony)?

• Musical Texture refers to a number of different
  characteristics of music
• Texture is the number of ________ __________
• It refers to whether each line is a ______ or
  ________ part
• _________ refers to how each part relates to each
  other
• Can be described as _____, _____, _____, _____
• Variations in texture can create _______and drama
• We will look at three basic textures (harmonies)
• Monophonic
• Polyphonic
• Homophonic

3
Monophonic Texture- One Sound

• __________ means that there is one melodic line
  with no harmony or accompaniment
• If multiple voices or instruments are playing in
  ________, it is still Monophonic
• Examples of monophonic music
• Singing a solo a capella (Whitney Houston, I
  Will Always Love You
• Gregorian chant
• ____________ instrumental sonatas (Baroque)

4
Polyphonic Music- Many Sounds

• Polyphonic means that there are ____ or _____
  melodic lines of _______ importance
• Technique of writing several melodic lines that
  interact is called _____________
• Often uses _________, which is when one voice or
  instrument presents a melodic idea, then another
  voice repeats it
• Not always exact imitation
• Examples of polyphonic music
• _______, fugues, (Little Fugue in G minor ) and
  canons (Pachelbels Canon in D)
• __________ ________

5
Homophonic Music- Same Sounds

• Homophonic means there is one main _____ with a
  less important accompaniment
• Accompaniment could be as simple as ______, or it
  could be more complex
• If a line in the accompaniment starts to stand
  out and become more important, then the texture
  changes to __________
• Examples of ___________ music
• Melody and accompaniment (Alan Jackson The Old
  Rugged Cross)
• Traditional hymn arrangements (Traditional The
  Old Rugged Cross)

• Homophonic writing using chords

6
Farandole by Georges Bizet

• Has two themes a _____ theme and a ____ theme
• Starts with the march theme in a ____________
  texture, then then violins and violas play a
  _____________ section (fugue like)
• The high woodwinds then play the dance theme in a
  _______________ texture
• After the full orchestra plays the dance theme,
  the strings play a ____________ version of the
  march theme
• Listen for other changes in texture

7
Hallelujah by Georg Frideric Handel

• Switches rapidly between all three textures
• Word Hallelujah is usually homophonic, with
  some imitative polyphony
• For the Lord God omnipotent reigneth is usually
  monophonic
• And he shall reign is always polyphonic
• Changes in texture create _______ for each
  section of the piece

8
MUSICAL FORM

• Three techniques that create Form
• Repetition
• Allows the listener to become familiar with a
  ______ or ______
• Often used with another technique
• Contrast
• Can be a change in an _______________, i.e.
  melody, rhythm, harmony, dynamics, tempo, timbre
  mood can be changed as well
• Variation
• ________ of a musical idea so its different but
  still recognizable
• Entire pieces can be composed using this
  technique
• Example Variation on America by Charles Ives
• Listen and Illustrate the Theme and Variation
  sections in the Variations on America (next
  page)

9
Illustrate (Variations on America)

• Listen and Illustrate the Theme and Variation
  sections in the Variations on America

10
Two Major types of Form

• _________Form
• Two sections A B
• Can be looked at as a ____________ of a _______
  and then a counterstatement with a different
  theme.
• Any section can be repeated
• Example Gavotte from French Suite NO. 5 in G
  Major By Johanne Sebastian Bach
• See next page for Listening Outline

11
Listening Outline (to be read while music is
heard)

• Listen and Illustrate the two sections in
  Gavotte by Bach

12
Illustrate Dance of the Reeds (from the
Nutcracker)

• Show the form through your illustration
  incorporating repetition and contrast

13
Two Major types of Form

• _________ Form
• Three sections A B A
• Can be looked at as a ________ of a ______, a
  _________ ___________, and a return to the
  ______________
• Each section can also be subdivided, as well
• Example Dance of the Reed Pipes from The
  Nutcracker Suite- By Peter Tchaikovsky
• A section introduces the melody
• B section uses the trumpets and strings to vary
  the melody
• Return to the A section with the flutes
• Listen and Illustrate the three sections in the
  Dance of the Reed Pipes (on next page)

14
Two Part Songs Verse/Chorus

• Two part songs are _____. _______ music,
  _________ music, ____________ _________, and
  ______ _______are a few examples that follow the
  pattern of two parts utilizing a Verse/Chorus
  (Refrain) pattern.
• Selena Gomez Bang a Drum
• Tim McGraw Live Like You Were Dying
• Michael W. Smith Friends

15
Rondo

• Rondo is a __ or __ part song that alternates
  between the beginning A section with other
  __________ sections B and/or C. The A
  section is the unifying _______ that holds the
  piece together.
• 5 part Rondo pattern ABACA
• 7 Part Rondo pattern ABACABA
• Which pattern does the following selection
  follow?
• Mozart Turkish March

16
Theme and Variations

• ___________ of the same melodic theme through out
  a musical composition.
• Composition begins with a statement of the _____
  idea
• Each new part will use one or more _____ ______
  to ____ or change this melodic idea without
  losing the theme
• Listen to American Salute by Morton Gould
• based on a ____ ____ tune When Johnny Comes
  Marching Home
• Determine how many variations you year and
  complete one of the following for each variation
• Draw pictures to show the change in the
  variations as you hear them
• Label and describe each new variation as you hear
  it

17
Theme and Variations

• Use this page to illustrate or label and describe
  the variations heard in American Salute by
  Morton gould

18
Musical Style

• ____- a characteristic way of using melody,
  rhythm, harmony, dynamics, timbre, texture, and
  form.
• Particular combinations create a _________ sound
• _________ from the same area, time, or country
  often use similar styles
• Musical styles change _______ ______ , but it is
  often gradual

19
Eras of Western Art Music

• Middle Ages (450-1450)
• Renaissance (1450-1600)
• Baroque (1600-1750)
• Classical (1750-1820)
• Romantic (1820-1900)
• Twentieth Century to 1945
• 1945 to the Present