CUBA national experience

1
CUBA national experience

• Synergies and cooperation with other conventions
• 2003

2
Cuba and Environmental Conventions

• Signed Ratified
• Climate change 1992 1994
• Biological diversity 1992 1994
• Desertification 1994 1997

3
Cuban National Reports

• Climate Change
• Gas emissions
• Study on vulnerability and adaptation
• Biological Diversity
• National Communication
• National Strategy
• Desertification
• Action Plan
• Reports I and II on implementation

4
Cuban focal points

• Political and technical focal points at
• Ministry for Science, Technology and
  Environment.
• National Working Groups
• Various stakeholders Ministries, industrial
  sector, RD centers, Universities, local
  representatives, others.
• Committee on Environment
• Overviews actions on international environmental
  agreements.

5
CUBAN ARCHIPELAGO

• Highest elevation (m) 1974
• Longest river (km) Cauto 370
• Relative Humidity () 81
• Mean temperature (ºC) 25

• Population (millions) 11.18 inhabitants
• Surface in km2 110
  860
• Island of Cuba 104 945
• Island of Youth 2
  200
• keys
  3 715
• Length of the coasts km South North
• Island of Cuba 3209
  2537
• Island of Youth 229
  98

6
Principal Environmental Problems (National
Environmental Strategy 1997)

• Soils Degradation (erosion, bad drainage,
  salinity, among others)

• Deterioration of sanitation and environmental
  condition in human settlements

• Pollution of terrestrial and coastal waters

• Deforestation

• Loss of biodiversity

7
FOREST RESOURCES
21,9 NATIONAL TERRITORY
Among the 652 hydrographic basins
Forest Patrimony
Potential forest area
28 approximately
22
Present area
8
BIODIVERSITY
Vascular plants
6 500 species 3 409 endemic plants (52,4)
2 extinct
Fauna
endemic 93,4 amphibians 75,2
reptiles 39,5 mammalians 6,28 birds
16 000 species
9
MARINE AND COASTAL RESOURCES

• MANGROVE 5325 km2
• (4,8 national territory)
• CORAL REEF 3 400km
• BEACH 600 km
• (10 of the coast length)

COASTAL AREA 6 200 km2
3 reefs
Affected
30 mangrove
90 with some degree of erosion
10

• 80 of productive soils presented different
  grade of affectations as erosion, salinity,
  drainage, among others

SOILS
1959
Affected by conditions limiting productivity
76,8
Affected by one or various factors 5 millions ha
Provinces with less productive soils
11
CUBA Drinking water and sanitation coverage
(1959) The total volume of surface water storage
in reservoirs was 48 millions of cubic meters.
12
CUBA Drinking water and sanitation coverage
(2000) Surface water in Cuban reservoirs 9 600
millions of cubic meters.
Drinking water
13
AGUA POTABLE
Sanitation
14

• National Environmental Strategy, 1997
• Law 81 of Environment, 1997
• Cross Sectors Strategies (OACE), 1997-98
• Territorial Strategies,1997-98

POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
15
Principal Goals to Achieve

• Integral environmental management
  (hydrographical basins, mountains and coastal
  areas)
• Cleaner production, recycling and reuse
• Reduction of pollution (aquatic ecosystems)
• Enterprise management (environmental
  acknowledgement and economic regulations)
• Natural resources protection and biodiversity
  access and management
• Introduction of environmental education at all
  levels

16
Selected hydrographical basins contain an area of
15000 km2
40 of the Cuban population
60 Social and economic activities of the country
17
A sample of synergy hydrographical basins program

• This program integrates efforts on
• soil degradation, deforestation, wastes and
  pollution, water management, biodiversity and
  protective areas, natural events and natural
  disasters, climate studies, health and education,
  employment and other social factors at community
  level.