Counting in Communities: Communities Count

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Making and Keeping Connections

• Jean M Clinton B.Mus MD FRCP(C)
• McMaster University and Childrens Hospital
• Voices for Children

October 16 2007
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• The Health and creativity of a community is
  renewed each generation through its children.
• The family, community, or society that
  understands and values its children thrives---the
  society that does not is destined to fail

www.childtrauma.org
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UNICEF REPORT CARD 2007

• The true measure of a nations standing is how
  well it attends to its children-their health and
  safety, their material security, their education
  and socialization, and their sense of being
  loved, valued and included in the families and
  societies into which they are born.

Unicef Innocenti Report 2007
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Canada

• Material Well Being
• Health and Safety
• Educational Well being
• Family and Peer Relationships
• Behaviours and Risks
• Subjective well being
• Overall

• 6 SWEDEN 1
• 13 SWEDEN 1
• 2 BELGIUM 1
• 18 ITALY 1
• 17 SWEDEN 1
• 15 NETHERLANDS 1
• 12/21

Unicef Innocenti Report 2007
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The Long Reach of Early Childhood

• Early Years Study 2
• CHAPTER 1

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Experience

• Experiences in early life
• activate gene expression
• and result in
• the formation of
• critical pathways and processes.

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Adult-child interaction

• Sound
• Vision
• Touch
• Smell
• Proprioception
• Taste

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Sensitive periods in early brain development
Binocular vision
Central auditory system
Habitual ways of responding
Language
Emotional control
High
Symbol
Peer social skills
Relative quantity
Sensitivity
Low
0
1
2
3
7
6
5
4
Years
CECD
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Epigenetics

• Each person has an individualized genetic code.
• To be expressed, it must be activated.
• Genes need nurturing.

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High School Diploma by Level of Aggression at
Age 5
80
75.8
62.5
60

40
27.5
20
3.3
0
Never
Low
High
Chronic
Level of Aggression
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It takes a Child to Raise a Village

• EYS2
• Chapter 2

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Families

• Families are the basic social units of human
  societies.

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Monitoring development

• Longitudinal surveys
• birth cohort studies
• allow researchers
• policy makers
• to monitor
• childrens development.

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Receptive Vocabulary, Age 5 (NLSCY, 2002-03)
Source Thomas, 2006
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¼ of children

• ¼ of Canadas children between birth to age 6 are
  experiencing some learning or behavioural
  difficulty.

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Social Risk Index

• 9 comprehensive indicators of social risk
• those with rate higher than the national average
  contributing to the overall risk
• zero (0), indicating no social risk
• nine (9) indicating the highest risk

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S4 Student Performance by SES Group Language
Arts Standards Test 2001/02
17/18 year olds who should have written
Pass/Fail rates of test writers
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How are Children Doing?

• Chapter 3

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The EDI has Predictive Validity! (more than we
want)
of Vulnerabilities Failing the FSA
Not Successful

Numeracy 0 7.5 12.3 1 11.8 22.2
2-3 18.7 33.8 4-5 27.5 55.6 Reading 0
13.6 17.8 1 26.7 33.9 2-3 29.5 43.1
4-5 48.4 68.3
(Grade 4)
(EDI)
(Grade 4)
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06-116
Decrease in the of vulnerable children as a
result of improved ECD in South Australia
Year 2003 2006
Floreat 47.22 14.3 Wembley 47.11 11.8

AEDI S.Australia
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CHAOS

• EYS2
• Chapter 4

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Top level
Provincial/state
Early intervention
Health
Education
Social services
Family support
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Middle level
Munici-palities
Local school authorities
Public health
Parks and recreation
Community services
Local authority
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Bottom level
Family supports
Early identification and intervention
Kindergarten
Child care
Public Health
Community programs
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Chaos
Early intervention
Health
Education
Family support
Social services
Local school authorities
Public health
Munici-palities
Community services
Parks recreation
Parenting centres
Kindergartens
Preschools
Childrens mental health centres
Child care
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Thinking big, starting small

• ECD the 1st tier of human development
• Start in local communities

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Thinking big starting small

• Communities need
• more than opportunities
• to create a collective vision
• they need
• the mandate resources
• to realize it.

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Investing in Early Childhood Development

• Chapter 6

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Early Child Development Parenting Centres

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Exceptional Returns on InvestmentLong-Term
Benefit-Cost Ratios for Four Exemplary ECD
Programs
Up to 16 rate of return on investment in ECD,
compared to the highly touted 6 rate of return
of the U.S. stock market (1871-1998) Sources
Lynch (2004), Rolnick Grunewald (2003)
Sources Karoly et al. (1998), Masse Barnett
(2002), Reynolds et al. (2002), Schweinhart et
al. (2004)
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03-074
Rates of Return to Human Development Investment
Across all Ages
8
6
Pre-school Programs
Return Per Invested
School
4
R
Job Training
2
Pre- School
School
Post School
0
6
18
Age
Carneiro, Heckman, Human Capital Policy, 2003
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OECD Report, 2004
Source Starting Strong ll Early Childhood
Education and Care September 2006
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Importance of Relationships

• "Human beings of all ages are happiest and able
  to deploy their talents to best advantage" when
  they experience trusted others as "standing
  behind them."
• 
  Bowlby, 1973

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Our Biological Unit of SurvivalThe Clan

• We are WIRED to connect.
• We are unavoidably inter-dependant on each other
• YET
• .

www.childtrauma.org
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The Relational Landscape is changing.Children
have fewer emotional, social and cognitive
interactions with fewer people
www.childtrauma.org
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POVERTY OF RELATIONSHIPS

• The compartmentalizing of our culture has
  resulted in material wealth yet poverty of social
  and emotional opportunity.

Modernitys Paradox
Hertzman and Keating
www.childtrauma.org
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Robert Putnam-Bowling Alone

• Social Capital
• Defined as a resource-that stems from
  participation in certain social networks-that
  possess specific characteristics-which open up
  access to resources of varying value.

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Collective Efficacy

• A fusion of shared willingness of residents to
  intervene and social trust, shared sense of
  common values and a sense of engagement and
  ownership of public space.
• CE was found to affect crime rates more than
  factors typically associated with crime like
  poverty, unemployment or discrimination. Resulted
  in dramatically lower crime rates among
  communities with similar demographics.
• 
  DR Felton Earls

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Broken Windows or Collective Efficacy

• Physical and social disorder in a neighbourhood
  lead to increased crime, if one broken window or
  aggressive squeegee man is allowed to remain in a
  neighbourhood, bigger acts of disorderly
  behaviour will follow.

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In the year of our Lord 2007

• Bowling Alone
• National Family Dinner Day
• Spending more time studies.
• If not our culture , then whose?

CLINTON
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Relational Community (Tribe, Religion,
etc.) Health Status, Cultural Environment and
Socioeconomic Status Resources
ECD Services and Programs
Civil Society
Family, Cultural, Economic, Social Environment
Institutional/historical time
Individual Brain and Biological Development,
Genetics, Age, Sex
Family Health Status and Dwelling Environment
Residential Community Health Status and
Cultural, Economic, Service Social Environments
Regional Health Status and Ecological, Economic,
Policy, Political Social Environments
National Health Status, Ecological, Economic,
Policy, Political Social Environments
Global Ecological, Corporate/Economic, Policy,
Political Social Environments
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• Many things we need can wait. The child cannot.
  Now is the time his bones are being formed, his
  blood is being made, his mind is being developed.
  To him we cannot say tomorrow, his name is today.
  
• Gabriela Mistral