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Country Report

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Title: Country Report


1
Country Report
  • For training course
  • RISK ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
    CHEMICALS
  • by Feng Heng
  • Guizhou Research and Designing Institute of
  • Environmental Science, China

2
1.Organization chart of my organization, my
position and functionThe organization I come
from is Guizhou Research and Designing Institute
of Environmental Sciences. It is the exclusive
provincial organization in Guizhou Province,
specialized in the field of studies of
environmental sciences. Our Institute consists of
13 sub-organizations. The sub-organization I come
from is by the name of Advisory Center of
Environmental Sciences and Technologies
3
  • It principally provide consultancy services of
    environmental impacts assessment, cleaner
    production auditing, regional and urban
    environmental planning, certification of ISO
    14001 environmental management system for
    clients.

4
Organization Chart of Guizhou Research and
Designing Institute of Environmental Sciences


5
  • As the vice director of this center, my major
    responsibilities are fallen on EIA project
    management and the technical supervising to
    environmental risk assessment of EIA

6
2. Current status of environmental protection
policy for environmental chemicals and on
management of industrial chemicals including
agrochemicals in China
Generally speaking, the environmental protection
policy system in China consists of the
fundamental law environmental laws for specific
purposes environmental technological policy and
the international environmental conventions in
which China is one of the participants etc.,.
Therefore, major environmental protection
policies for environmental chemicals and on
management of industrial chemicals including
agrochemicals are the following
7
1) Fundamental environmental Laws
Fundamental environmental law in China is
Environmental Protection Law of China, which
was enacted for the purpose of protecting and
improving the living environment and ecological
environment, preventing and controlling pollution
and other public hazards to human health and to
promote the development of socialist
modernization construction. As the fundamental
law, it serves as the base for legislation of
rest of environmental laws including the laws
related with the varied impacts of environmental
chemicals on environment
8
2) Environmental laws for specific purposes
  • Environmental laws for specific purposes most
    closely related with environmental chemicals and
    its management is Solid wastes pollution
    control law of China, in which detailed
    provisions have been made over the issues such as
    utilization, transportation, storage, dispose, of
    solid wastes especially the toxic and hazardous
    wastes, and the relevant legal liabilities etc.,
    within the territory of China. Specific
    environmental laws such as Marine environment
    protection law of China, Water pollution
    control law of China,

9
  • and Air pollution control law of China,
    Environmental impacts assessment law of China
    and Cleaner production promotion law of China
    specified the control measures, legal liabilities
    for pollution of specific environment due to
    environmental chemicals, and the EIA for
    construction project concerning industrials and
    agrochemicals, as well as pushing forward cleaner
    production through prohibition or limiting
    utilization of hazardous or toxic materials. In
    addition, some of non-environmental protection
    laws, however, specify the detailed regulations
    for management of industrial chemicals and
    agrochemicals. These laws include Medicine
    management law of China, Food sanitation law of
    China etc.,

10
3) Environmental technological policy
  • Environmental technological policy concerning the
    environmental chemicals is Technological control
    policy for hazardous wastes pollution, which
    specifies the goals for management of hazardous
    wastes, and the technologies selection during the
    whole process of production, collection,
    transportation, classification, tests, package,
    comprehensive utilization, storage, and dispose
    of hazardous wastes.

11
4) International environmental
conventions in which China is one of the
participants
  • Chinese government always attaches importance on
    the pollution control, security and management of
    environmental chemicals. For years, China
    positively participate the international
    cooperation on that respects and fulfill the
    relevant responsibilities. Environmental
    conventions concerning the environmental chemical
    in which China is one of the participants are the
    following London Guidelines for the Exchange of
    Information on Chemicals in International Trade
    (amended in 1989)

12
  • International Marine Dangerous Goods Code
    (International Maritime Organization)
    Convention on the Prohibition of the
    Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of
    Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction
    (1997) The ILO 1990 Convention on the Safety
    of Chemicals at the Workplace (No. 170) Basel
    convention on the control of trans-boundary
    movements of hazardous wastes and its disposal
    The Vienna Convention on the Protection of the
    Ozone Layer (1989)

13
  • United Nations Convention Against Illicit
    Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
    Substances Rotterdam Convention on the Prior
    Informed Consent for Certain Hazardous Chemicals
    and Pesticides in International Trade (1998)
    and Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
    Pollutants.

14
  • 5)Relevant environmental standards

15
3. Major problems on environmental contaminants
including pesticides residues, POPs, endocrine
disruptors and heavy metals and/ or management of
industrial chemical and agrochemicals
  • Environmental contaminants including pesticides
    residues, POPs, endocrine disruptors and heavy
    metals can produce serious impacts on environment
    and human health characterizing by the long term
    retention in environment with low-concentration,
    and accumulation and

16
  • bioaugmentation in human bodies. Meanwhile
    these contaminants are given close attention
    worldwide. Chinese government also attaches great
    importance to this issue and great efforts have
    been made to control the impacts of these
    contaminants, including the establishment and
    improvement of the environmental law and
    regulation systems, participation of relevant
    international conventions, initiation of
    adjustment of industrial structure etc., However,
    the problem is still serious while great
    achievements is made. Meanwhile, the major
    problems can be briefly summarized as following

17
  • 1)The exceeding of standard of pesticides in
    agriculture products caused by irrational
    utilization of pesticides takes place from time
    to time. This may due to the irrational structure
    for pesticides employed, low awareness of farmer,
    and the lag-behind agriculture production style.
  • 2) Pollution of heavy metals caused by
    enterprises employing traditional way for
    smelting As, Zn, Hg etc., enterprises dealing
    with heavy metal mining activities, is still
    serious though those backward production
    processes have been banned for years. These are
    partially because of the special physicochemical
    properties of heavy metals and partially because
    of historical reason.

18
  • 3)Great pressure from fulfilling the
    responsibilities of elimination of POPs
    stipulated in Stockholm Convention on Persistent
    Organic Pollutants is a great challenge of
    Chinese government. At present, 4 of 12 POPs to
    be banned are still in production, while the
    other 2 are discharged carelessly. The great
    difficulties to seek alternatives are to be
    overcome by Chinese enterprises producing
    relevant products.

19
  • 4) For the technical reason, there are still no
    efficient measures for the control of impacts of
    environmental endocrine disruptors that already
    take place. Expect for the above-mentioned
    problems, there is still long way to go to
    improve the environmental law and regulation
    system as well as environmental management
    mechanism, and to strengthen the relevant studies
    on efficient control measures for pollution of
    above-mentioned contaminants, as well as to form
    the team of fellow researchers with high
    qualities.

20
4.Regulation of environmental and industrial
chemical in China
  • Major regulations of environmental and industrial
    chemical in China are the following The
    Regulations on the Safe Administration of
    Chemicals and Other Dangerous Materials, issued
    by the State Council The Regulations for
    Implementing the Regulations on the Safe
    Administration of Chemicals and Other Dangerous
    Materials, jointly issued by the Ministry of
    Chemical Industry and the Economic and Trade
    Office of the State Council

21
  • The Rules on the Administration of Toxic
    Chemicals Register, issued by the Ministry of
    Chemical Industry The Regulations on the
    Environmental Management of First Import of
    Chemicals and the Import and Export of Toxic
    Chemicals ,jointly issued by the SEPA, the
    General Administration of Customs and the
    Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
    Cooperation The Rules for the Management of
    Chemical Production Licenses, issued by the
    Ministry of Chemical Industry

22
  • The Rules for the Granting of Hazardous
    Chemicals Distribution Licenses ,jointly issued
    by the former Ministry of Commerce, State
    Planning Commission, Ministry of Public Security,
    State Administration of Industry and Commerce,
    State Bureau of Materials and Equipment Supplies
    and State Pharmaceuticals Administration The
    Rules on the Safety in Use of Chemicals at
    Workplace, jointly issued by the Ministry of
    Labor and Ministry of Chemical Industry, The
    Rules on the Administration of Pollutant
    Discharge Declaration and Registration, issued
    by the State Environmental Protection
    Administration The Rules Concerning
    Environmental Pollution Caused in the Production
    of Chromium Compounds, issued by the Ministry of
    Chemical Industry and the State Environmental
    Protection Administration

23
  • The Regulations on the Administration of
    Environmental Protection in Construction
    Projects, adopted by the State Council The
    Regulations on Control of Dumping Wastes in the
    Ocean, issued by the State Council The Interim
    Regulations on Environmental Protection
    Management of Wastes Imports, jointly issued by
    the SEPA, MFTEC, General Administration of
    Customs, State Administration of Industry and
    Commerce and State Administration for Commodity
    Inspection The Rules on Preventing Electrical
    Devices Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyles and
    Their Wastes from Polluting the Environment,
    issued by the SEPA and the

24
  • Ministry of Energy on January 23, 1991 The
    Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China
    Concerning the Administration of Civil
    Explosives, issued by the State Council The
    Rules on Fire Control Supervision and Management
    of Inflammable and Explosive Chemicals, issued
    by the Ministry of Public Security The Rules of
    the Ministry of Railways Concerning the Transport
    of Dangerous Goods, issued by the Ministry of
    Railways The Regulations Concerning Hygiene
    Supervision of Cosmetics, issued by the State
    Council The Regulations on the Management of
    Pesticides, issued by the State Council The
    Regulations for the Administration of Veterinary
    Medicines, issued by the State Council

25
  • The Rules of the Ministry of Railways Concerning
    the Transport of Dangerous Goods, issued by the
    Ministry of Railways The Regulations Concerning
    Hygiene Supervision of Cosmetics, issued by the
    State Council The Regulations on the Management
    of Pesticides, issued by the State Council The
    Regulations for the Administration of Veterinary
    Medicines, issued by the State Council The
    Rules on the Safe Use of Pesticides, issued by
    the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of
    Health

26
  • The Rules for Management on Transportation of
    Dangerous Goods by Water, issued by Ministry of
    Communications The Regulations on the
    Administrative Protection of Agricultural
    Chemicals, issued by the State Council Rules
    of the Ministry of Chemical Industry for
    Implementing the Regulations on the Management of
    Pesticides The Rules for Implementing the
    Regulations on the Management of Pesticides,
    issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and The
    Rules for Management on Road Transportation of
    Dangerous Goods.

27
5.Management system for environmental and
industrial chemical in China
  • The Chinese Government attaches great importance
    to the safe management of chemicals, having
    formulated a series of laws, regulations and
    standards and having adopted rules and methods
    concerning chemicals management under the
    guideline of safety first, prevention first.
    These measures play an active role in effectively
    controlling the harm done by chemicals.

28
  • Expect the law, rules and regulations, an
    effective management system for environmental and
    industrial chemicals, integrated with the
    management mechanism of production license,
    registration, storage and transportation control,
    import/export control, for environmental and
    industrial chemicals, has come into being.

29
6.Major technology for monitoring the
environmental chemicals in China
  • Generally speaking, monitoring technologies for
    environmental chemicals include sampling
    technologies and analytical technologies. Major
    sampling technologies varied with the different
    environmental media in which sampling is done.
    Major sampling technologies for environmental
    chemical can be generalized as follow according
    to different sampling environmental media

30
  • 1) Major technologies of air sampling consist of
    direct sampling and accumulated sampling. Direct
    sampling technologies is suitable for samples
    with high concentrations or analytical method
    with high sensitivities while accumulated
    technologies is suitable for samples with low
    concentrations
  • 2) Water sampling technologies can be generalized
    as technologies for surface water and deep water
    sampling as well as wastewater sampling.
  • 3)The staple soil sampling method is sampling
    with multiple points and layers etc.,

31
  • The analytical technologies for environmental
    chemicals in China can also be briefly introduced
    as follow
  • 1) atomic absorption spectrometry
  • 2) atomic fluorescence spectrometry
  • 3)gas phase chromatography
  • 4) liquid phase chromatography
  • 5) Spectrophotometric method
  • 6)colorimetry
  • 7)gas phase mass spectrometry
  • 8)integrated method of chromatography and mass
    spectrometry etc.,
  • Except for the above-mentioned monitoring
    technologies, bioassay was also employed for the
    ecological monitoring.

32
7. Outline of my experience on risk assessment
and monitoring of environmental and industrial
chemicals
  • My experience on risk assessment of
    environmental and industrial chemical is obtained
    when I deal with the environmental risk
    assessment of EIA projects especially for
    projects toxic and hazardous chemicals are
    involved, for an instance the projects for
    chemical industries, agriculture etc.,

33
  • Generally speaking the process of risk assessment
    can be summarized as following
  • 1) Identification of key dangerous sources
    2)estimation of regular and accidental sources
    intensity
  • 3)prediction the scope and extents of the impacts
    of regular and accidental emission according to
    the sources intensity and probation of accidental
    emission as well as correspondent modeling
    4)analysis on the long and short term impacts of
    environmental and industrial chemicals on the
    sensitive targets (population, animals and
    vegetation) exposing to given environmental and
    industrial chemicals

34
  • 5) propose the correspondent control measures for
    long term and accumulative adverse impacts and
    precaution measure for emergency situation.

35
8.My purpose to attend in the training course
  • My purposes to attend in the training course are
    to further develop my understanding over the
    characteristics of environmental chemicals such
    as pesticides, POPs, endocrine disruptors and
    heavy metals etc., the mechanism of their impacts
    on environment and human heath, and the
    experiences and techniques of developed country
    on analysis, monitoring and risk assessment for
    such kind of chemicals. All above-mentioned will
    benefit to me not only on my present job namely
    the environmental risk assessment but also on my
    future studies aiming at providing local
    government with the technical support for
    formulating the policy to control the impacts of
    these chemicals on environment and human health.

36
Thank you!
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