Introduction to Basic Statistics

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Introduction to Basic Statistics

• Dr. C. Hsieh

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Quiz

• ???????????5000??????????
• ????????2,300????
• ?????????????

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Answer
??,???? ?????????????????????!
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Quiz

• ?????1?????4??????
• ??????????????11?
• ???????????,???????,???????

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Answer
???????????
???????,?????????????!
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Quiz
????????????????
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Answer
?X??Y???,???X??????? ????
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Terms

• ???(Statistics) ????????,????????????????,???????
  ?,????????????
• ??(Population)?????????????????????
• ????(Finite Population)
• ????(Infinite Population)

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• ??(Sample)?????????
• ??/??(Parameter)??????????
• ???(Statistic)?????????

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Types of Statistical Analysis

• ????
• ?????(Univariate Analysis)
• ?????(Multivariate Analysis)
• ??????(Times Series Analysis)
• ????
• ????(Parametric Statistical Analysis)
• ?????(Nonparametric Statistical Analysis)
• ????
• ????(Statistics in Education)
• ????( Statistics in Sociology )
• ????(Econometrics)
• ????(Psychometrics)
• ????(Biometrics)
• ????(Statistical Quality Control)

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Statistical Methods

• ????(Descriptive Statistics)??????????????
• ????(Inferential Statistics)???????????,????????

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Descriptive Statistics
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• ????(Graphical Statistics)
• ????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ????(Statistical Measures)
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????

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Inferential Statistics
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Sampling Methods

• ??????(Simple Random Sampling)???????????????????
  ?
• ????(Stratified Sampling)???????????(strata),????
  ??????????????????????????????

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• ????(Cluster Sampling)????????????(cluster),?????
  ?????????????????????????????????
• ????(Systematic Sampling)??????????????,????????,
  ?????????????

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Sampling Distribution

• ????(Sampling Distribution)?????????
• ??????????(???????)Z??(????)?
• ??????(Central Limit Theorem)???????,????????????
  ,??????????????????
• ??????????(???????)t???
• ???????????2 ???
• ??????????????F ???

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Estimation

• ???(Point Estimation)????????????????,???????????
  ?
• ????(Interval Estimation)?????????????????,??????
  ??????,????????????????????

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Hypothesis Testing

• ???????????,???????????????????????
• ????????(H0)?????(H1)?
• ?????????
• ??????,?????????H0 ??????H0 ?
• ??H0????H0??,???????????????????H0 ?
• ????H0 ,??????????(Significant Testing)?

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• ???????????????H0,????????????
• ?????????
• ???????????H0 ?
• ????????????????????????????H1?
• ??H0??????H1 ?
• ?????H0 ?

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• ???????
• ????(Two-tailed Test)
• ????(One-tailed Test)
• ????(Upper-tailed Test)
• ????(Lower-tailed Test)

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• ???????
• ????(Hypothesis)
• ??????(Set a)
• ?I??(a risk)??H0,??H0??
• ?II??(ß risk)??H0,??H0??
• ?????????(Reject Accept Region)
• ?????(Test Statistic)
• ??(Conclusions)

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• p value????????
• Reject H0 if P value lt a
• Accept H0 if P value gt a