Quantum Computers

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Quantum Computers
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Brief Overview

• History of Quantum Computing
• Theory Behind Quantum Computers
• Current Status
• Problems Being Faced
• Future Outlook

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History of Quantum Computers

• Originally begun in late 1970s
• Came out of consideration of Moore's Law
• Attempt to get around physical limitations
• Applications considered were simulations of
  Quantum Physics
• Remained curiosity until more uses discovered

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Quantum Computer Theory

• Qubits replace normal bits
• Values become 0, 1, or a superposition of those
• Example

State Amplitude Probability
(aib) (a2b2) 000
0.37 i 0.04 0.14 001 0.11 i
0.18 0.04 010 0.09 i
0.31 0.10 011 0.30 i 0.30
0.18 100 0.35 i 0.43 0.31
101 0.40 i 0.01 0.16 110
0.09 i 0.12 0.02 111 0.15 i
0.16 0.05
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Theory cont.

• States are changed using small pulses of EM
  radiation
• Algorithms will reduce all probabilities to 0
  except one which will be returned.
• After reading a single measurement, uncertainty
  will change system

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Current Progress

• Biggest quantum computer developed so far is 7
  qubits big
• NMR has emerged as best technology to read data
  from quantum computers
• Progress limited by several problems

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Problems

• 3 main problems
• Decoherence
• Error Correction
• Quantum hardware

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Future Outlook
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