Microbodies and Lysosomes

1
Microbodies and Lysosomes
2
Lysosomes and microbodies ??????? ???????
????????
- ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????
???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???
??????? .Cytosomes ???????? ??????? Microbodies
??????? - ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????
??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???
????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????
???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????. -
??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? Glyoxysomes and
Peroxisomes - ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???
Lysosomes discovery ?????? ??????? ???????
?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???
????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????de Duve - ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????
??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????. - ?????
??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????
??????? (?????????? ? ???????????? ?
?????? ?????????). ??? 1955 ????? ???????
??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????
???????, de Duve - ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??
???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????
????????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??
???????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????
??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????
??????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???????.
3
Structure and forms of lysosomes

• ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??
  ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??
  ????? ???????.
• - ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? 0,1
  ??? 0,8 ????????? ????? ????? ????
• ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???
  ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????.
• ????? ?????? ????????? ?????
• ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
• Primary lysosmes
• Secondary lysosomes
• Residual bodies

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(No Transcript)
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1- ??????? ??????? ??????? Primary Lysosomes

• - ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????
  ???? ?? ??????
• - ?????? ???????
• - ???? Protolysosomes
• - ????? ??? ????? ?????????
  ???????
• - ???? ????? ????
• - ??? ?????? ??????? ???????.

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2- ??????? ??????? ???????? Secondary Lysosomes

• ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???
• ?- ??????? ???????? ????? Heterolysosomes ?????
  ???? Heterophagic vacuoles ?? Phagolysosomes
• - ??? ???? ?????.
• -????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ??
  ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????
  (??????? ?????????) ???? ???????? ???? ?????????
  ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????
• ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? Phagosoes
• ?- ??????? ?????? Autolysosomes (Autophagic
  vacuoles)
• - ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???
  ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????
  ????????????? ??????
• - ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???
  ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?
  ??????? ?? ???????
• - ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????
  ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????.
• - ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????
  ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????.

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?- ????? ??????? Residual body

• ?- ????? ??????? Residual body (telolysosomes
  or Dense body)
• ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????
  ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????
  ????? ???????
• ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????
  ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? Myelin figures

8
Formation and Function of lysosomes

• ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????
  ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.
• - ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????
  ????
• 1- ??????? ??????
• ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???
  ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????
  ?????? ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ??? ?????????
  ?? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???
  ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????????
  ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????
  ??????? (??? ???????) ????? ????? ???? ??????
  ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????
  ?????? (??? ??????) ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????
  ????? ?????
• 2- ??????? ???????
• ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??
  ???? (??????) ???? ???? ?????? ?????????????
  ??????,
• ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??
  ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????
  ????????????? ???????.

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??? ?????? ???????? Heterophagy

• ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????
  ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????
• ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? Phagosomes,
• ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????
  ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??
  ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????
  ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????
  ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????
  ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? Secondary
  lysosome
• ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????
• Heterophagy

10

• ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????
  ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????.
• ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????
  ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???
• 1- ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????.
• 2- ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??
  ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????.
• 3- ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???
  ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?
  ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???
  ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????
  ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????
  ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???
  ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????
  ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????
  ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????
  ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????
  ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??
  ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????
  ??????.
• ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????
  ??????? body Residual ???? ?????? ?? ????
  Exocytosis

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????? ?????? Autophagy

1. ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????
   ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????
   ?????
2. ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????
   ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????
   ?????????????
3. ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?????
   ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????
4. ???? ??? ????? ????????????? ?? ????? ????? (???
   ????? ????????????? 10 ???? ?????? ?? 15 ?????
   ??????? ??????)

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Distribution of lysosomes ????? ??????? ???????

• - ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????
  ????????? ?????????
• - ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????
  ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????
  ???????
• - ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????
  ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????
• - ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????
  ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????????
  ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????
  ???????? ?????????.
• - ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??
  ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????
• Lysosomes precursors in bacteria ??????? ???????
  ??????? ?? ????????
• - ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????
  ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??
  ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??
  ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???
  ???? ???????.
• - ???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??
  ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????, ?????
  ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???????
  ??????? ?????? (????? ?????? ?????????)

13
??????? ???????? ???????? (Plant Vacuoles)

• ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??
  ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????
• ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????
  ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????
  ???? ???? ?????? ????????
• ?????? ?????? ??? ???? Tonoplast?????? ???
  ??????? ????? Hydrolytic enzymes ???????
  ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????
  ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ????
  ??????? ???? ??????????
• ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???????
  ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ??????

14
Regulation of Lysosomes production

• ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????
  ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????
  (????? ???????) ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????
  ????? ???????.
• ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????
  ????????? ??????? ?????? Feedback effect ????
  ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????
• ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????
  ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????
  ????? ?????.

15
Disposition and action of lysosomal hydrolase

• ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???
  ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????
• ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????
  Cathepsins D and E and Collagenase
• ???? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????
  ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? Cathepsins A and
  B??? ????? ??????
• DNA, RNA ?DNase or RNase

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Microbodies

• ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
  ??? ????? Amorphous ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????
• ???? ???? ??????? ??? Flavin, Catalase, Oxidase
  ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????
  ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???
• ????? ????? ????
• ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????
  ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????
  ????????? ??????? ???? ????
• .Glyoxysomes and Proxisomes

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Peroxisomes

• ????? ??? ???? ?? 40 ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ????
  ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????.
• ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????????? ??
  ??????? ?????????
• ???? ????? ??? ??????? Oxidases ??? Flavin
  Oxidase ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????
  ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???
  ????? ??????????Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) ???
  ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????
  ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????????????
  ???? ?????????? ??????? (Catalase enzymes) ?????
  ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????????.
• ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????
  ?????? ???? ????? Uric acid oxidase ?????? ?????
  ???? ???? ??? ????? Paracrystalline ???? ?????
  ???? ?????? Nucleoid ?? ???? ??????
• ????? ???????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??
  ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ß-oxidation)) ?????
  ????? ??????? ??????? ??? Acety Co-A
• ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????????
  ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ????
  ?? ?????????????.

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(No Transcript)
19
Formation of peroxisomes ????? ??????????????

• ????? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ????????
  ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????????? ????
  ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????
  ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????
  ?????????????
• ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????????
  ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????????.
• ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????
  ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????
  ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??
  ?????????????? ??????? ???????.
• ???? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???
  ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????
  ?????? ???????
• ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ??
  ????? ?????? ??????????? ???. ???? ????????? ????
  ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????
  ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????
  ?????????????? ???????
• ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??
  ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??????.

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Glyoxysomes

• ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????
  ??? ??????? ???? Glyoxylate Isocitrate
  lyase-Malate synthetase)) ???? ???? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????
  ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????.
• ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ????????
  ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??
  ????????????? ???????????????.
• ????? ???? ?????????????? Distrbution and origin
  of glyoxysomes
• ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????
  ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? Acetate ?? ???????
  ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???????
• ???? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????
  ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????
• ??????? ??? ?????????.
• ???? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ???? ???????????
  ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????????????
  ??????? ???????, ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???
  ?????? ???? ??? ????,
• ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????????? ??
  ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??
  ??????.

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(No Transcript)