Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table

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Chapter 17

• Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table

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Section 1 Structure of the Atom

• Look at elements and their symbols

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Whats in an atom?

• Atom smallest piece of matter that still is the
  __________________
• Nucleus ______________________ charged center of
  atom containing
• Protons particle with _________ charge
• Neutrons particle with ________ charge
• Electrons surround nucleus in cloud and have
  ______ charge

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Even smaller

• ______________ make up protons and neutrons NOT
  electrons
• Found using a __________________ accelerator
• Speed up particles and ______________ them into
  each other
• Found ____ quarks

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Models

• Represent things that are hard to _______________
• Model of the _______________ has changed many
  times
• Pg. 510 in book

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Todays model of atom

• Electron ________________ model nucleus in
  middle and cloud around nucleus where electrons
  are most ________________ found

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Section 2

• Atomic Masses

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Masses of Atoms

• Nucleus has most of mass
• _______________ 1.6726 x 10-24 g
• Neutron 1.6749 x 10-24 g
• _______________ 9.1093 x 10-28 g
• Mass of proton and neutron are about
  ________________ times bigger than electron!!

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Atomic Mass

• Need ______________ numbers for masses
• Atomic ___________ Unit (amu)
• Proton 1 amu
• Neutron ___ amu
• Electron negligible

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Protons Identify Element

• Each element has different of
  ____________________
• The number of protons tells you what type of
  _____________________ you have
• Atomic Number the number of _____________

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Mass Number

• Mass Number ____________ of protons and neutrons
• of neutrons mass - __________
• Carbon 12 and Carbon 14

Mass Number
12
Mass Number

• How many neutrons are in the Carbon-14 atom?
• Sodium has a mass number of 23. How many protons
  and neutrons does it have?
• Copper 63 how many protons and neutrons?

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Isotopes

• Def atoms of the same element that have
  different of ____________
• Isotopes Boron 10 and Boron 11
• Average Atomic Mass ________________ average
  mass of mixture of isotopes

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Calculating Average Atomic Mass

• Four out of five boron atoms are boron-11 and one
  out of five are boron-10. What is the AAM?

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Section 3

• The Periodic Table

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Organizing the Elements

• __________________ repeated in a pattern
• Late 1800s Dimitri Mendeleev Russian
  organized elements by increasing ______________
• Discovered a pattern with chemical
  __________________, they repeated ? Periodic

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Mendeleevs Periodic Table
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Current Periodic Table

• 1913 Henry Moseley English organized
  elements by increasing ________________________

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The Atom and the Periodic Table

• Vertical columns _______________ / Families
• Use A group numbering
• Families have _________________ properties

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Location of Electrons

• In neutral atom, of _______________ of
  electrons
• Energy levels
• close to nucleus ___________ energy
• farther away _____________ energy

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Energy Levels and Electrons

• Same group same of _________ in
  _______________ energy level
• Energy levels are 1 _____
• Filled outer energy level ________
• Levels 3 and higher have __________ sub-levels

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Energy Levels and Electrons

• Horizontal rows _____________
• Increase by 1 p and 1 e- as you move
  ______________
• Each row ends with atom with _______________
  outer energy level

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Electron Dot Diagrams

• Group s ________________ e-s (outer e-s)
• Def uses the element _____________ and dots to
  represent outermost ____________________
• Atoms bond to get a _______________ outer energy
  level
• Which groups would likely react?

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Regions of the Periodic Table

• Metals, Non-metals, and Metalloids

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Metals

• Conductors of ___________ and electricity
• Luster/___________
• Mostly solid

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Nonmetals

• _________ conductors of heat and electricity
• Many are gases
• Solids are _________

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Metalloids

• _________________ of heat and electricity