Using the Semantic Web

1
Using the Semantic Web

• Mathieu dAquin
• Knowledge Media Institute, the Open University
• m.daquin_at_open.ac.uk
• http//kmi.open.ac.uk/people/mathieu

2
What is there to use on the Semantic Web?

• Technologies
• Systems
• Services
• Infrastructures

Knowledge, information, data
A lot of that
3
Now that it is there, how to make use of this
Semantic Web?

• Novel, smart, useful, Semantic Web based
  applications
• that exploit the information available instead of
  creating their own
• that combine sources of information dynamically,
  to create novelty
• A developer perspective

4
A Programmable Semantic Web
Mashups, APIs and the Web as Platform
http//www.programmableweb.com/
5
A Programmable Semantic Web
Revyu.com review anything
Semantic Mashups, Semantic APIs and the Semantic
Web as Platform
Revyu.com review anything
Watson Semantic Proxy TextWise Semantic Hacker Sin
dice SIOC API Hakia
Revyu.com review anything Southampton
RDF-based Pub Finder Wahoo
http//www.programmablesemanticweb.com/
6
Agenda (in mixed order)

• What exists to support application developers in
  making use of the Semantic Web
• Web APIs delivering semantic information
• What can be done with the Semantic Web
• Examples of applications of these APIs
• What more can we do with the Semantic Web
• something to discuss

7
Covered

• APIs that produce semantic information and their
  applications
• TextWise Semantic Hacker
• Open Calais/Semantic Proxy
• Triplify (server side)
• APIs that deliver existing semantic information
  and their applications
• PingTheSemanticWeb.org
• Semantic Web Client Library
• Sindice
• Watson

8
Not Covered

• Semantic Search APIs
• E.g., Hakia
• Semantic information storing and querying
• E.g., the Talis Platform
• Semantic information presentation and browsing
• E.g., SearchMonkey

9
To Make Things Simple

• All the API we will be looking at are based on
  the REST principles, meaning that
• They are accessed through HTTP
• Use simple URLs
• And return XML, JSON or RDF

10
APIs that Produce Semantic Information
NER, NLP, LSA, etc
Web API
Categories (semanticHacker) Persons,
events, Technologies, etc. (Semantic Proxy) Any
information (Triplify)
Text (semanticHacker) URL (semanticHacker, Semanti
c Proxy) Database (Triplify)
App
11
TextWise Semantic Hacker
Provides the Semantic Signature API. Providing a
text or the URL of a web document, returns an
ordered list of categories (called dimensions) to
classify the text.
http//www.semantichacker.com/
12
TextWise Semantic HackerExample
http//api.semantichacker.com/sh/api?tokenxxxxxxx
\uri http//kmi.open.ac.uk/events/iswc08-semanti
c-web-intro/\ showLabelstrue
ltresponse xmlns"http//www.semantichacker.com/api
"gt ltsignaturegt ltdimension label"Reference///
Ontologies" weight"0.74655414" /gt ltdimension
label"Reference///Semantic_Web"
weight"0.4789231" /gt ltdimension
label"Reference///Metadata/RDF"
weight"0.25988686" /gt ltdimension
label"Computers/Artificial_Intelligence/Agents"
weight"0.16180865" /gt ltdimension
label"Reference/Knowledge_Management/Knowledge_Re
presentation/Topic_Maps" index"19654"
weight"0.14757384" /gt ltdimension
label"Computers/Software/Databases/Object-Oriente
d/Conferences" index"10213" weight"0.14207713"
/gt ltdimension label"Science/Social_Sciences/Lin
guistics/Computational_Linguistics/Research_Groups
" index"4759" weight"0.09795175" /gt
ltdimension label"Science/Institutions/Europe/Unit
ed_Kingdom/e-Science" index"5362"
weight"0.08423982" /gt ltdimension
label"Reference/Knowledge_Management/Business_and
_Companies" index"19643" weight"0.08260372" /gt
ltdimension label"Computers/Computer_Science/Conf
erences" index"11014" weight"0.0811044" /gt
ltdimension label"Computers/Software/Enterprise_In
formation_Integration" index"10425"
weight"0.07582178" /gt ltdimension
label"Computers/Computer_Science/Database_Theory/
Conferences" index"11013" weight"0.07541271"
/gt ltdimension label"Reference/Knowledge_Managem
ent/Events/Past" index"19647" weight"0.07502189"
/gtltdimension label"Business/Management/Managemen
t_Science/Management_Information_Systems/Call_For_
Papers/Past" index"8869" weight"0.060780022"
/gtltdimension label"Computers/Software/Workflow"
index"10330" weight"0.05792988" /gtltdimension
label"Reference/Knowledge_Management/Knowledge_Di
scovery" index"19648" weight"0.055418164"
/gtltdimension label"Society/Philosophy/Philosophy_
of_Language" index"15160" weight"0.05398163"
/gtltdimension label"Computers/Artificial_Intellige
nce" index"9365" weight"0.0457448" /gtltdimension
label"Computers/Artificial_Intelligence/Machine_L
earning" index"9369" weight"0.04383828"
/gtltdimension label"Computers/Programming/Methodol
ogies" index"9738" weight"0.041243583"
/gtltdimension label"Reference/Knowledge_Management
/Knowledge_Discovery/Software" index"19649"
weight"0.04122078" /gtltdimension
label"Computers/Data_Formats/Markup_Languages/XML
/Resources" index"10450" weight"0.036717303"
/gtltdimension label"Computers/Programming/Developm
ent_Tools" index"9684" weight"0.03618994"
/gtltdimension label"Science/Math/Logic_and_Foundat
ions/Meetings/Past_Conferences" index"5178"
weight"0.03608229" /gtltdimension
label"Computers/Artificial_Intelligence/Natural_L
anguage" index"9382" weight"0.034956515"
/gtltdimension label"Computers/Programming/Internet
/Service-Oriented_Architecture/Web_Services"
index"9722" weight"0.03302238" /gtltdimension
label"Computers/Data_Formats/Markup_Languages/XML
/News_and_Media" index"10452" weight"0.03236294"
/gtltdimension label"Science/Social_Sciences/Lingu
istics/Computational_Linguistics" index"4758"
weight"0.03144195" /gtltdimension
label"Computers/Programming/Compilers"
index"9761" weight"0.029258244" /gtltdimension
label"Computers/Software/Enterprise_Application_I
ntegration" index"10426" weight"0.02884066"
/gtlt/signaturegtlt/responsegt
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TextWise Semantic HackerApplication Example
http//www.sandoval.ca8080/SemanticWebJournal/Sem
anticWebJournal.html
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Open Calais/Semantic Proxy
Semantic Proxy translates the content of a Web
document to a representation in RDF, HTML or
Microformats. It can recognize and type in the
text people, organizations, cities, technologies,
publications, companies, countries, medical
conditions,
http//semanticproxy.com/
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Open Calais/Semantic ProxyExample
http//service.semanticproxy.com/processurl/xxxop
encalaiskeyxxx/rdf/http//kmi.open.ac.uk/people/ma
thieu/
Person Fouad Zablith, Milton Keynes, Carlo
Alloca, Marta Sabou, Enrico Motta Organization
UHP University of Nancy, Open University,
Knowledge Media Institute, PC City
Nancy Technology fuzzy logic, artificial
intelligence, API, Semantic Web technologies,
knowledge management, Knowledge Management, XML,
RDF Country France, United Kingdom Company
Google Facility Walton Hall Published Medium
Journal of Logic and Computation Industry Term
online ontologies, Web Applications, cancer
treatment, Web services, online knowledge,
semantic web applications, Web gateway, Web
technologies Medical Condition cancer
Annotations within the text!
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Open Calais/Semantic ProxyApplication Examples

• http//opencalais.com/gallery

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APIs that deliver semantic information
Semantic Web Crawling and Indexing
Web API
Keywords (Sindice, Watson) Structured
Queries (Sindice, Watson, SCL), Metadata
Queries (Watson) SPARQL (Watson)
Semantic Documents (Sindice, Watson,
PTSW) Ontology Metadata (Watson) Semantic
Content (Watson, SCL)
App
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Sindice
Originally, an entity lookup service. Find a
document that mention a URI or a keyword.
Extended with more structured query.
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SindiceExample 1
curl -H "Accept application/rdfxml"
'http//api.sindice.com/v2/search?qMathieudAquin
qttermpage1'
ltResult rdfabout"result1"gt
ltdctitlegtMathieu d8217Aquin, Mathieu d'Aquin,
Mathieu D'Aquinlt/dctitlegt ltlink
rdfresource"http//data.semanticweb.org/person/m
athieu-daquin"/gt ltdccreatedgt2008-10-17T0000
000100lt/dccreatedgt ltfieldsformatgtRDFlt/fiel
dsformatgt ltcontentgt78 triples in 15925
byteslt/contentgt ltrankgt1lt/rankgt lt/Resultgt
ltResult rdfabout"result2"gt
ltdctitlegtNodalities 187 Blog Archive
187 Mathieu d8217Aquin Talks with Talis
about Networked Ontologies and the Semantic
Weblt/dctitlegt ltlink rdfresource"http//blog
s.talis.com/nodalities/2008/01/mathieu_daquin_talk
s_with_tali.php"/gt ltdccreatedgt2008-07-22T000
0000100lt/dccreatedgt ltfieldsformatgtLICENSE
lt/fieldsformatgt ltfieldsformatgtMICROFORMATlt/f
ieldsformatgt ltcontentgt2 triples in 412
byteslt/contentgt ltrankgt2lt/rankgt lt/Resultgt
ltResult rdfabout"result3"gt
ltdctitlegthttp//semanticweb.org/index.php?titleS
pecialExportRDF/Mathieu_dAquinampxmlmimerdflt/d
ctitlegt ltlink rdfresource"http//semanticwe
b.org/index.php?titleSpecialExportRDF/Mathieu_dA
quinampxmlmimerdf"/gt ltdccreatedgt2008-07-22
T0000000100lt/dccreatedgt
ltfieldsformatgtRDFlt/fieldsformatgt
ltcontentgt13 triples in 1998 byteslt/contentgt
ltrankgt3lt/rankgt lt/Resultgt
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SindiceStructured Query

• Sindice can also be queried with structured
  query, e.g.
• ltfoafnamegt Mathieu dAquin
• Mathieu dAquin classPerson
• Return the documents containing entities that
  match the query (but not the entity itself)

21
SindiceApplication Example

• MOAT Meaning of a Tag.
• Can attach URIs found with Sindice to tags

22
Watson
A gateway to the Semantic Web Supporting users
and applications in finding, exploring and
exploiting semantic content from the Web.
23
WatsonAPIs

• SOAP and REST APIs that provide the
  infrastructure to
• Find SW documents and retrieve metadata about
  them
• Find entities (classes, properties, individuals)
  and explore their semantic description
• Apply SPARQL queries to Semantic Web documents

24
WatsonApplications
Semantic Relation Discovery Scarlet
Ontology Reuse The Watson Plugin
URI Auto-Completion MOAW
Question Answering PowerAqua
And also Word sense disambiguation Folksonomy
Enrichment Synonym Discovery
Semantic Browsing PowerMagpie
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WatsonA Demonstrator Wahoo
Find on the Semantic Web terms to specialize or
generalize a query to a search engine (Yahoo).
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WatsonA Demonstrator Wahoo

• Find ontologies containing the keyword
  researcher
• http//watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/semanticcontent/k
  eywords?qresearcher
• exactly researcher in the label or id of a
  class
• http//watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/semanticcontent/k
  eywords?qresearcherscopeLNLabelentClassmatc
  hExact
• Find entities corresponding to researcher in
  ontology
• http//watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/entity/keyword?q
  researcherurihttp//calo.sri.com/core-plus-offic
  escopeLNLabel entClassmatchExact
• Find subclasses and superclasses of an entity
• http//watson.kmi.open.ac.uk/API/entity/subclasses
  ?enthttp//calo.sri.com/core-plus-officeResearch
  erurihttp//calo. sri.com/core-plus-office
• The rest is interface stuff and call to Yahoo!

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Discussion

• What more could we do?
• Put things together

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Organization Research Center Health
Foundation Education
UniversityEducation Higher Education
PhD
Organizations CQ Press, ASMI, AGS, NCSUAwards
Silver Gavel, Sigma Dellta Chi, FHATechnology
Statistics
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Discussion

• What more could we do?
• Your ideas!?