Agricultural Hazards

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Agricultural Hazards
Set 3
Marissa Morton SAAIP Top Jobs Intern
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Mechanical Hazards

• Pinch PointHazard that is formed when two
  machine parts move together and at least one of
  the parts moves in a circle
• Wrap PointAny type of rotating machine component
• Shear Pointwhen the edges of two machine parts
  move across or close enough to each other to cut
  a relatively soft material

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Mechanical Hazards

• Crush Pointsformed when two objects are moving
  toward each other, or when one object is moving
  toward a stationary object, and the gap between
  the two is decreasing
• Pull-In Pointsparts that come close with each
  other, such as feed rolls, often form pull-in
  points.
• Burn PointsHot mufflers, engine blocks, pipes,
  and fluids (fuel, oils, chemicals)

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Mechanical Hazards

• Freewheeling Partsparts of a machine continue
  moving after the power to the machine is turned
  off.
• Stored Energyenergy that is confined is released
  unexpectedly.
• Thrown Objectoccurs as normal machine operations
  discharge materials into the surrounding
  environment.

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Noise Hazards

• Noise is measured in decibels.
• Examples
• 15 Decibels A Whisper
• 50 Decibels Gentle Breeze
• 60 Decibels Normal Talk Level
• 90 Decibels Chopping Silage
• 100 Decibels Tractor at work
• 140 Decibels Shotgun Blast or Jet Engine
• Sound loss starts occurring at about 85 Decibels

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Respiratory Hazards

• Dustssolid particles (0.1-25 microns in size)
  created by handling, crushing, grinding, and
  moving materials such as rock, metal, wood, and
  crops.
• MistsLiquid droplets suspended in the air
  represent mists as a respiration hazard (example
  paint sprays and cutting oil).
• FumesMaterial that becomes airborne during
  welding (metal welding rod and flux) are examples
  of fumes.

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Gases and Vapors

• Common gases and vapors include those from
• Manure Gases
• Farm Shop Gases
• Silo Gases
• Welding Vapors
• Engine Vapors
• Solvents and Paint Thinners

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Lung Disease and Asthma

• Farmers LungAllergic reaction caused by
  inhaling moldy hay, straw, and grain.
• Organic Dust Toxicity Syndrome (ODTS)caused by a
  reaction to inhaling molds from spoiling grain
  and forage.
• AsthmaDisease of the respiratory system. The
  small air tubes in the lungs tend to swell and
  air tubes tighten when an asthma attack occurs.

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Working With Livestock

• Youth under age 16 are prohibited from working in
  a yard, pen, or stall with
• Cows with newborn calves
• Bulls, boars, or stud horses kept for breeding
  purposes
• Sows with nursing pigs
• Be aware of Flight Zones
• Flight zones are animals personal space. An
  excited animal has a larger flight zone.

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Working with Livestock

• Precautions to Take
• Plan an escape route
• Wear steel-toed shoes
• Avoid animals hind legs
• Use squeeze clutches to hold animals
• Approach livestock so that animals can see you
  coming
• Move cattle in well lit places
• Avoid loud noises and quick movements
• Be patient
• Keep animal handling facilities clear of sharp
  objects
• Ask for help when moving animals if the animal is
  excited or nervous
• If the animal is nervous, wait 30 minutes before
  moving the animal

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Point of Balance

• An animals point of balance is the shoulder
• If you stand behind the shoulder, the animal will
  move forward.
• When you stand in front of the shoulder, the
  animal will stop moving forward

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Agricultural Pesticides

• There are four ways that chemical exposure can
  occur
• Oral (mouth)
• Dermal (skin)
• Inhalation (lungs)
• Ocular (eyes)

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Electrical Hazards

• Two types of hazards
• Electric Shock Hazard
• Heat and Fire Hazard
• Electrical Devices Used
• Distribution Panel
• Underwriters Laboratories
• Switches and Receptacles

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Electrical Hazards

• Circuit Breakers and Fuses
• Grounding
• Lock-Outs
• Hostile Farm Conditions
• Extension Cords
• Underground Utilities

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Key Terms in Fire Safety

• Auto-Ignition
• Combustible
• Flammable/Nonflammable
• Flash Point
• Kindling Point/Ignition Point
• Spontaneous Combustion
• Vapors
• Volatility

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The Fire Triangle

• There are three things necessary to start a fire
• Fuel
• Heat
• Air

http//ehs.sc.edu/training/Fire/triangle.gif
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Fire Prevention and Control

• Work-Site Analysis
• Maintenance and Housekeeping
• Fire Prevention and Control Training

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Using a Fire Extinguisher

• 4 Step process called PASS
• Pull the Pin
• Aim at the base of the fire
• Squeeze the trigger
• Sweep from side to side

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Preventing Hay Fires

• Harvest Practicesmow in early morning
• Conditioning Practicesless than 50 humidity
• Bailing Practices18-20 moisture
• Storage Practicesstore hay under cover

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/Round_hay_bale_at_dawn02.jpg
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What is a Confined Space?

• OSHA defines confined spaces as
• Space large enough and so configured that a
  person can enter and perform assigned work.
• Space limited in openings for entry and exit
  purposes
• Space lacking natural ventilation
• Space that could contain or produce dangerous
  contaminants
• Space not intended for continuous human occupancy

Youth under age 16 PROHIBITED from working in a
confined space!
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Silo Safety Guidelines

• Stay out of newly filled silos for at least 2
  weeksuse breathing apparatus if you must enter
• Close feed room door to barn
• If silo must be entered
• Run Ventilation fan
• Get help from an adult
• Wear dust mask

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Plugged EquipmentSafety Tips

• Disengage power to the machine
• Turn off tractor engine
• Wait for free-wheeling blower fan blades to come
  to a complete stop
• DO NOT use your hands and feet to unplug a
  machine!

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Grain Bin Safety
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Manure Storage

• Hazardous Manure Gases
• Hydrogen Sulfide
• Ammonia
• Carbon Dioxide
• Methane

Manure Gases Can Kill!
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Manure Storage Precautions

• Keep people and animals out of confinement
  buildings during manure storage agitation and
  pumping
• Ventilate the area for several hours
• Allow one to two feet of air space above manure
  surface for gases
• Prohibit smoking and other ignition sources
• Keep manure agitators below liquid manures
  surface
• Remove temporary access ladders
• Lock access to permanent ladders
• Do not drive on crusted manure surfaces
• Warn visitors and guests of hazards
• Post signs at manure storage areas

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Anhydrous Ammonia

• System Components Include
• Nurse/Delivery Tank
• Control Valves (for withdrawal, fill, pressure
  relief, and return lines)
• Pressure Gauges
• Transfer Hoses
• Applicator Tank (for field application)

Anhydrous Ammonia can result in permanent damage
to your lungs!
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Chemical Safety Points

• Read product labels to understand the safety
  requirements of the product
• Do not mix chemical solutions without adult
  supervision
• Use proper personal protective equipment to
  protect eyes, skin, and lungs.

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Animal Hazards

• Zoonosesterm that denotes diseases that can be
  transmitted between vertebrate animals and
  humans. There are several ways in which it can
  be transmitted
• Direct Animal Contact animal manure, urine,
  bedding, and products such as raw meat,
  unprocessed milk, hides, hair, etc.
• Indirect Animal Contact soil, plants, and water
  (surface and well water) may be contaminated by
  animal waste

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Stinging/Biting Insects

• Wasps, hornets, bees, spiders, tarantulas, and
  other stinging and biting insects are found
  throughout America
• Two types of insect bite reactions
• Allergic Reaction
• Anaphylactic Shock (caused by insect venom and is
  a serious medical emergency)

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Poisonous Snakes

• Poisonous snakes typically have angular heads and
  a pit in front of the eyes.Take the following
  precautions if such a snake is encountered
• Slowly back away
• Make no sudden moves
• Report incident to those that may need to work in
  the same area
• If a bite occurs, use the following guidelines
• Allow bite to bleed freely for 15-30 seconds
• Clean and disinfect the area
• Stay Calm
• Get assistance to travel to emergency medical
  care

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Rabies and Lyme Disease

• Rabies is a viral disease of mammals, typically
  transmitted through the bite of an infected
  animal.
• Avoid animals that show strange behavior.
• Lyme disease affects people who have been bitten
  by a deer tick, but failed to notice that the
  insect attached itself to them.
• If you think you are affected by Lyme disease,
  contact a doctor right away.