HARDWARE

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HARDWARE
????????S? ?????F?????O? S?S?????O?

• ?????????S ????G?O??S
• ??S?G???S ?. ?S???S ?.

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???SO????S COMPUTER

• ??a? ?p?????st?? e??a? µ?a s?s?e?? p?? ?e????eta?
  ded?µ??a s?µf??a µe ??a s????? ap? e?t????.
  S?ed?? ???? ?? ?p?????st?? ßas????ta? st? ???s?
  ??e?t??????? ?????µ?t??, a? ?a? ??a? ?p?????st??
  de? e??a? apa?a?t?t? ?a e??a? ??e?t???????.

• ? s?µe????? iMac Core 2 Duo pe????e? ???????? t?
  computer se p????? 2 ??ts?? ????? de? ?p???e?
  p?????.

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?????

• ?? ???t? e??a? a?t? t? ?p??? pe????e? ??a ta
  ?????µata ta ?p??a ??e?????ta? ??a ?a
  ?e?t?????se? ? ?p?????st??

??apa??stas? e??? ???t??? e??? p??s?p????
?p?????st?.
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• ?atas?e?ast??
• Antec
• Aopen
• Chieftec
• Cooler Master
• Ever Case
• HEC Compucase
• Lian Li
• NZXT
• Raidmax
• SilverStone Technology
• Thermaltake
• Zalman.

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???f?d?s?a

• ??a t??f?d?t??? e??a? ? s?s?e?? ? ?p??a
  s?ed??st??e ??a ?a µetat??pe? 110 V ? 230 V AC
  t?s?? se ???s?µ?p???s?µ? t?µ? DC t?s?? ??a ta
  es?te???? ?????µata t?? computer. ??t? µp??e? ?a
  d?af??e? ap? ?/? se ????? ???? t?? es?te?????
  ?????µ?t?? p?? µp??e? ?a ?????. ?a t??f?d?t???
  ep?s?? e??a? ft?a?µ??a ??a ?a a??ß??? ?a? ?a
  sß????? t?? ?p?????st? ???s?µ?p????ta? ??a s?µa
  ap? t?? motherboard (PS-ON wire), ?a? ?a pa??????
  t?? apa?t??µe?? ?p?st????? ??a t?? d?af??et????
  ?e?t?????e? ?p?? ? ?at?stas? ?aµ???? ?s???
  (standby mode).

??a t??f?d?t??? ????? t? ep??? µ???? t??.
???f???? a???d??te? ap? ??a t??f?d?t???.
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S?st?µa ?????

• ??a s?st?µa ????? µp??e? ?a e??a? ?p???d?p?te
  a?eµ?st??a?? e?t?? t?? ???t??? t?? ?p?????st? t?
  ?p??? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? ??a t?? ???? a?t??. ??t?
  µp??e? ?a µetaf??e? a??a ap? µ?sa p??? ta ??? ?
  ?a ?p???e? ??a ?e???? t? ?p??? ?a ß??e? ?a? ?a
  ß???e? a??a µe t?? ?p??? ?a ???e? t? s?st?µa.
  ???µa µp??e? ?a ?p???e? ?e????st? a?eµ?st??a?? t?
  ?p??? ???e? s???e???µ??a tµ?µata t?? ?p?????st?
  ?p?? a??a? d???ete?eta? ?ate??e?a? ep??? st??
  epe?e??ast?.

??a set 4 a?eµ?st???? t?? 80 ?????st??
??a 120 mm 4 LED µp?e ?????
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??t???? ???ta

• ??a µ?t???? ???ta e??a? t? ?e?t???? ?a? p??te???
  ?????µa ft?a?µ??? ap? s???eta ?????µata. ???a?
  ep?s?? ???st? sa? ????a ???ta , s?st?µat?? ?
  ?????? ???ta ? a??µa ?a? µe t? p??s???µ??
  mobo.
• ? ßas???? t?? s??p?? e??a? ?a pa???e? ta
  ??e?t???? ?a? ?????? e?e??sµata sta ep?µ?????
  s?st?µata t?? ?p?????st? µe ta ?p??a s??d?eta?.

? µ??t???a ASRock K7VT4A Pro motherboard.
? Octek Jaguar V motherboard t?? 1993. ??t? ?
???ta ??e? board has 5 ISA (Index Sequential
Access Method_ µ???d?? se???a??? p??sp??as?? µe
de??t?. ????d?? p??sp??as?? a??e??? ?at? t??
?p??a t? a??e?? d?at??e?ta? ?at' a???? se???a??,
a??? pa??????a s??t??e?ta? ?a? ??a? p??a?a?
de??t?? p?? pe????e? ta ??e?d?? t?? e???af?? µe
t?? ??se?? t??? ep? t?? a??e???. ? a?a??t?s? µ?a?
e???af?? ep?t?????eta? µet? ap? t?? a?a??t?s? t??
??e?d??? t?? st?? p??a?a de??t??) epaf?? a???
???e? ??a pe??fe?e?a?? ?p?? fa??eta? ?a? ap? t??
???e??? e??te????? epaf?? s??d?se??.
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???µ? ROM

• H ROM (µ??µ? µ??? a?????s??) e??a? µ??µ? p??
  µp??e? ?a d?aßaste? a??? de? µp??e? ?a ??afte?.
  ?a ded?µ??a ?a? ta p?????µµata p?? e??a?
  ap????e?µ??a st?? ROM de? µp????? ?a a???????
  ?at? t?? ?a?????? ?e?t?????a t?? ?p?????st? ?a?
  d?at?????ta? ?ta? sß?se? t? ?e?µa.

???µ? rom µe BIOS
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RAM

• ??a 4 ?? RAM 56 38 e?. ?atas?e?asµ??? ??a t??
  minicomputer VAX 8600 (1986).

2 p?a??te? µ??µ?? RAM 512 ??
?????? p?a??te? µ??µ?? RAM

• ? RAM e?e??e? sa? p??s????? µ??µ? ??a
  ?p??ad?p?te p?????µµata t?????? ?a? ta ded?µ??a
  p?? ???s?µ?p?????
• ?p?????? p????? d?af??et???? t?p?? RAM µe
  d??f??e? ?e?t?????e?

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?e?t???? µ???da epe?e??as?a?

• ??a ?e?t???? µ???da epe?e??as?a? (???), ? ??p??e?
  f???? ??a? ap??? epe?e??ast?? e??a? t? st???e??
  e?e??? se ??a? ??f?a?? ?p?????st? t? ?p???
  d?a?e????eta? p?????µµata, ?d???e? ?a? ded?µ??a.
  ? ??? pa???e? st?? ??f?a?? ?p?????st? t??
  d??at?t?ta t?? p????aµµat?st???t?ta? ?a? e??a?
  ??a ap? ta apa?a?t?ta st???e?a µa?? µe t? µ?t????
  ???ta t? ?p??? ?e????eta? ta ded?µ??a. ? ??? ?
  ?p??a ?atas?e???eta? sa? ?e????st? t?p?µ???
  ?????µa e??a? s?????? ???st? µe t? ???µa
  µ????epe?e??ast??. ?p? ta µ?sa t?? de?aet?a? t??
  1970, ?? µ????epe?e??ast?? ????? ?????se? ?a?da?a
  a??pt??? ?s?? af??? t?? p???p????t?ta ?a? t??
  s?ed?asµ? t??? ?a? s?µe?a ????µe ft?se? se s?µe??
  ?a ???s?µ?p????µe sa? ??? ??p???? ap? t???
  p?????? t?p??? µ????epe?e??ast??.

??a? Intel 80486DX2 µ????epe?e??ast?? (p?a?µat???
µ??e??? 126.75 mm)
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• ?? µ??e??? t?? p??t?? ?p?????st?? ?ta? t?s?
  µe???? p?? ?fta?e ?a ?a??pte? ??a ????????
  d?µ?t??

• EDVAC, ??a? ap? t??? p??t??? p????aµµat???µe????
  computers.

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• MOS 6502 ??a? 8-bit µ????epe?e??ast?? e?a??et???
  d?ad?µ???? ???? t?? s?ed??? t??.

• CPU, µ??µ?, ?a? e??te????? d?a???? ap? ??a? MSI
  PDP-8/I.

• Intel 80486DX2 µ????epe?e??ast?? se ?e?aµ??? ß?s?

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???ta ????

• ? ???ta ???? e??a? µ?a ap?sp?µe?? ???ta ? ?p??a
  µp??e? ?a e?s??e? ?a? ?a e???e? ???
  epe?e??a??µe?? ap? p?????µµata. ??p???? ???se??
  t?? ?a?t?? ???? pe???aµß????? t?? pa???? ???? ?a?
  t?? epe?e??as?a ap? efa?µ???? ?p?? s???es?
  µ??s???? , epe?e??as?a ß??te? ? ???? , pa???s?as?
  ?a? d?as??das? (pa????d?a). ?????? ?p?????st??
  ????? ???t???? d??at?t?te? e?s?µat?µ??e? ?a?
  ????? ??e?????ta? ep?p???? ???te? ???? e?? ??????
  pa?ap??? d??at?t?te?.

???t??? ?p??? µ?a? ???ta? ???? (t?p?µ????
?????µat??) de???e? ??e?t????t????? p????t?? SMT
?a? a?t?st?se??.
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?e?t?????e?

• ???µata
• ??? a?a?????? e?s?d?? µ????f????
• µp?e a?a?????? e?s?d??
• p??s??? a?a?????? ???d?? ?????? ste?e?f??????
  
• s?µat?? (µp??st??? ??e?a ?
  a???st???).
• µa??? a?a?????? ???d?? for µp??st??? ??e?a.
• as?µ? a?a?????? ???d?? for p?a??? ??e?a.
• p??t??a?? S/PDIF ??f?a?? ???d?? (µe????? f????
  ???s?µ?p??e?te sa? µ?a a?a?????? ???d?? ??a ??a
  ?e?t???? ??e?? ? ??a subwoofer).

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???a ??af????
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???ta ??af????

• M?a µ???da epe?e??as?a? ??af???? pa??stas??
  ? GPU e??a? µ?a ??af??? s?s?e?? ??a ??a?
  p??s?p??? ?p?????st?, ??a? te?µat??? sta?µ?, ?
  µ?a ???s??a pa????d???. ?a S??????a GPUs e??a?
  p??? ap?d?t??? st? ?e???sµ? ?a? t?? ep?de??? t??
  ??e?t??????? ??af?st????, ?a? ? ?d?a?te?a
  pa??????? d?µ? t??? ta ?a??st? ap?te?esµat???te?a.
  ??a GPU ß??s?eta? s?????? p??? ap? µ?a
  t??e?pt??? ???ta, a? ?a? e??a? s???? e?s?µat?µ??a
  ?µesa st? µ?t???? ???ta. S??????a GPUs ?????
  ep?s?? t?? ?p?st????? ??a t?? t??sd??stat?
  ??e?t?????? ??af?st???.

GeForce 6600GT (NV43) GPU
Radeon 9800 Pro (R350) GPU
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???f??e? ???te? ??af????
ATI X850XT
nVIDIA GeForce 6600GT
SVGA, S-Video and DVI outputs
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Modem

• ??a? d?ap?d?aµ??f?t?? (??a d?aµ??f?s? ?a?
  ap?d?aµ??f?s?) e??a? µ?a s?s?e?? ? ?p??a
  d?aµ??f??e? ??a a?a?????? s?µa se ??f?a??
  p????f???a, ?a? ep?s?? ap?d?aµ??f??e? ??a
  µetafe??µe?? s?µa t? ?p??? µetaf??e? µ?a
  p????f???a. ? s??p?? a?t?? e??a? ?a pa???e? ??a
  s?µa t? ?p??? µp??e? ?a µetad??e? e????a ?a? ?a
  ??f??p????e? ??a ?a a?apa???e? t?? a??e?t???
  p????f???a. ?a modem µp????? ?a ???s?µ?p???????
  p??? se ?p???d?p?te µ?s? µet?d?s?? a?a???????
  s?µat??.

??a Novation CAT modem

• ??a e??te???? 2400 bit/s modem ??a laptop.

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???f???? t?p?? modems

• ??a modem ?atas?e?asµ??? ap? t?? eta???a ISA
  ßas?sµ??? st? p??t?????? v.34
• ??a modem 28.8kbit/s s???a??? p??ta? ap? t??
  eta??e?a t?? Motorola
• ??a PCI Winmodem/Softmodem (a??ste??) t? ?p???
  d?ad?????e t? pa?ad?s?a?? ISA modem (de???).
  ?a?at???ste t?? µ????te?? p???p????t?ta st?
  a??ste?? modem.
• ??a DSL Modem

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• S?S????S ???T????S?S

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S?????S ??S??S

• ?? s?????? d?s??? ap?te????ta? ap? ?µ??e?t????
  µa???t????? d?s???? µ?sa se ??a p??state?t???
  ???t?
• ?? s?????? d?s??? µp????? ?a pe??????? µe????
  p?s?t?ta p????f????? ?a? e??a? s?????? p???
  ???????te??? se s?????s? µe ???e? s?s?e???
• ?? pe??ss?te??? s?????? d?s??? e??a?
  p??sa?µ?sµ???? µ?sa st?? ?p?????st?

An IBM hard disk drive with the metal cover
removed.
The inside of a hard disk drive displaying the
actuator arm traveling over the top platter
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???????G??

• ?? s?????? d?s??? ap????e???? ded?µ??a
  µa???t????ta? ??a µa???t??? ????? t? ?p???
  a?apa??st? ta ded?µ??a. ??aß????? ta ded?µ??a
  e?t?p????ta? ta s?µe?a µa???t?sµ???? ??????. ??a
  t?p??? s??d?? e??? s?????? d?s??? pe????e? µ?a
  s?s?e?? ? ?p??a ?????e? ?a? s????ate? ??a? ?
  pe??ss?te???? ep?ped??? d?s???? µ?sa sta ?p??a
  ap????e???ta? ta ded?µ??a. ?? d?s??? e??a?
  ?atas?e?asµ???? ap? µ? µa?t??? ????? s?????? ap?
  ??a?? ? a???µ???? ?a? e??a? ep??a??µµ???? ap? ??a
  ?ept? µa???t??? ?????. ?? pa?a??te??? te???????a?
  d?s??? ???s?µ?p????sa? ??e?d?? t?? s?d???? sa?
  µa???t??? ????? a??? ?? s?µe????? ???s?µ?p?????
  ??a ??ß??t?? ßas?sµ??? st?? a???.

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?st???a

• G?a p???? ?????a, ?? s?????? d?s??? ?ta?
  µe?a??te??? ?a? f???ss??ta? se e?d????? ??????
  (???? t?? e?p??e?a? t???) ?a? ?ata??µßa?a? ??a
  d?µ?t?? ???? t?? µe?????? t??? ?a? t?? a??????
  t??? se e????e?a . ???? ap? t?? de?aet?a t?? 1980
  ?? pe??ss?te??? s?????? d?s??? e??a? d?s????
  d?aµ?t??? 20 ? 35 e? ?a? t?? pe??ss?te?e? f????
  ?p?a?a? ???? ?s? ??a s?µe???? p???t???? ??????
  ?a? t?? pe??ss?te?e? f???? ??e?????ta? ????? p?s?
  ?e?µat?? ??a ?a d???????? ?? te??st??? ????t??e?.
  ??t?? ?ta? ?a? ? ????? ??a t?? ?p??? de?
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? µa?? µe t??? µ??????µp???te?
  µ???? t? 1980 ?ta? ? te???????a Seagate
  pa???s?ase t? µ??t??? ST-506, t? p??t? t?? 5.2
  ??ts?? s????? d?s?? µe ????t???t?ta 5 megabytes.
  St?? p?a?µat???t?ta t? ?d??? s??d?? IBM PC (IBM
  5150) de? ?ta? e??p??sµ??? µe ??a? s????? d?s??.

IBM 62PC "Piccolo" HDD, 1979 ??a? d?s??? 8 ??ts??
??a? 2.5" s?????? d?s??? ??a laptops,
te???????a? 2000
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??a? IBM s?????? d?s??? ?p?? fa??eta? ap? t??
ep??? t?? p?e???.
??a p?? ???t??? ?p??? e??? s?????? d?s??? ?a? t??
?efa??? a?????s?? ?a? ??af??.
Seagate 3.5 ??ts?? 40 GB s?????? d?s???.
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Floppy disk
µ?a 8 ??ts?? s?s?e?? a?????s?? ?a? ????af??
d?s??ta?

• ? d?s??ta e??a? µ?a s?s?e?? ap????e?s??
  st???e??? p?? ap?te?e?ta? ap? ??a? d?s?? ?ept??,
  e??aµpt?? µa???t???? µ?s?? ap?µ??µ??e?s?? p??
  pe??ß???eta? se ??a tet?a?????? ? ?????????
  p?ast??? ????f??.

? d?s??? 8-??ts??
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ta ßas??? st???e?a µ?a? 3½-??ts?? floppy disk

1. d?a??pt?? p??stas?a? e???af??
2. ?p?d??? ????a pe??st??f??
3. ????µµa
4. p?ast??? pe??ß??µa
5. ???t??? da?t???d?
6. µa???t???? d?s???
7. t?µ?a?.

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???f??a s??d?a
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S?s?e??? a?????s?? floppy disk
??a pa??de??µa ap? ??a µ??t???? USB floppy disk
drive.
drive ??a floppy disk
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CD-RW drive
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• ??a ?p??? ap? ??a drive ap? ??a CD-ROM
  ap?s??a?µ?????µ???.

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Tape drive

• ??a DDS drive ?as?ta?. ?p? a??ste?? p??? ta de???
  
• ?as?ta DDS-4 (20 GB)
• ?as?ta Data8 (112m) (2.5 GB)
• ?as?ta QIC DC-6250 (250 MB)
• ??a d?s??ta 3.5" (1.44 MB)

??a e??te???? QIC drive ?as?ta?.
3
4
2
1
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• ????F??????

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Trackball
Logitech TrackMan ??a trackball s??d?asµ??? µe
p??t???

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p???t???????

• ??a p???t??????? 104-p???t??? PC US English
  QWERTY
• ?? p???t??????? ap??p???µ??? Dvorak

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S??d?a

• ??a a?ad?p???µe?? p???t???????
• ?? p???t??????? t?? Microsoft's On-Screen e??a?
  ????sµ??? s?ed?asµ??? ??a ???st?? µe pe?????sµ???
  ????t???t?ta

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???t???a

1. ??a s??????? p??t??? µe ta p?? ????? p???t?a, d??
   ???µp?? ?a? ??a scroll-wheel.
2. ?? p??t? mouse, ft?a?µ??? ap? t?? s?ed?ast?
   Douglas Engelbart
3. ??a as??µat? p??t??? µe t?? ?pt??? a?s??t??a ap?
   t?? Microsoft (v. 1.0A).

1
2
3
37

• ?e???sµ?? e??? µ??a????? mouse.1 µeta?????ta?
  t? mouse ?????e? ? µp??a.2 ? ?a? ? a?s??t??e?
  s????at??? t?? µp??a ?a? µetaf????? t??
  ????s?.3 ?pt???? ap???d???p????te?.4
  ?pe????e? a?t??e?.5 a?s??t??e? pa?µ?? F?t??.

Apple Macintosh Plus mice, 1986.
Apple ADB Mouse II.
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???f??a s??d?a

1. 2 ???µp??? mouse
2. 3 ???µp??? mouse
3. 4 ???µp??? mouse
4. 8 ???µp??? Bluetooth mouse

4
3
1
2
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USB flash drive ?????

• ?s?te???? e??? USB (Sauté brand USB1.1)
• 1 s??det??a? USB
• 2 USB e?e??t??
• 3 s?µe?? ??e????
• 4 ts?p µ??µ?? Flash
• 5 ???sta?????? ta?a?t?t??
• 6 LED
• 7 d?a??pt?? p??stas?a? ????af??
• 8 ????? ??a de?te?? ts?p µ??µ?? Flash

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S??d?a ?a? µe????

• ?? µ??µe? flash µp????? ?a ß???? se d??f??a
  s??d?a, µe????? f???? ????d? ???e? f????
  µ????te?a
• ??a Creative MuVo, ??a µ???? ??f?a?? audio player
  se µ??µ? t?p?? flash

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?T???

• ??? ep?pede? ????e? Apple
• IBM PC µe p??s??? µ??????µ? ?????
• ????? 19" ??ts?? CRT

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SCANNER

• St?? p???? ??a scanner e??a? µ?a s?s?e?? p??
  a?a??e? µ?a e????a (?p?? µ?a f?t???af?a, ??a
  t?p?µ??? ?e?µe??, ? µ?a ??af?) ? ??a a?t??e?µe??
  (?p?? µ?a d?a??sµ?s?) ?a? t?? µetat??pe? se µ?a
  ??f?a?? e????a.

scanner, µe t? ????µµa t?? a????t?. ??a
a?t??e?µe?? e??a? p??? st? ??a?? ?t??µ? ??a
s?a?a??sµa
?? ap?t??esµa t?? s?a?a??sµat?? ap? p???.
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??t?p?t??

• ?? p?? s?????sµ???? e??a? ?? inkjet, bubble-jet
  ?a? laser.

??a? e?t?p?t?? Tandy 1000 HX µe a??de?.

• ??a? e?t?p?t?? inkjet Epson

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Laser ??t?p?t??

• ?? laser e?t?p?t?? s??d?????? µ?a p??? ?ept?
  d?sµ? f?t?? ?a? ??a t?µpa?? e?a?s??t? st? f?? ??a
  ?a p??s??????? s?µat?d?a ap? toner st? ?a?t?
• To toner e??a? µ?a p??? ?ept? p??d?a
• ?? laser a?af????ta? µe????? f???? sa? e?t?p?t??
  se??da?
• ?a?????? p??? ?????? p???t?ta? e?t?p?s? ?a? e??a?
  ???????te??? ap? t??? inkjet ? t??? bubble-jet

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• ????S