Searches for B and L violation in India

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Searches for B and L violation in India

• Utpal Sarkar
• Physical Research Laboratory
• Ahmedabad, India

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Prof. J.N. Goswami, Director, PRL

• Greetings on behalf of PRL, Prof. Goswami and
  myself to everyone present. Our first step would
  be to see if we can get some seed funds to look
  into the viability of the proposed project from
  technical angle.
• In India it is still being discussed seriously
  only within PRL. The coming 5 yr plan period,
  however, provide an opportunity to make a
  proposal with a PRL lead and all India character,
  as well as indicating possible international
  interest and hence this meeting has important
  significance.

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PHYSICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY


Research in Physical Sciences Development of
Infrastructure for Research Human Resource
Development Science Popularization
URL http//www.prl.ernet.in
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• The Physical Research Laboratory was established
  by Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai

Countries have to provide facilities for its
nationals to do front rank research within the
resources that are available. It is equally
necessary having produced the men who can do
research, to organise task oriented projects for
the nations practical problems.
Work on cosmic rays, a prominent subject at that
time, was started from the RETREAT in 1947.
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First Ozone Measurement Station established at
Mt. Abu in 1951
With rapidly expanding research activities, PRL
needed its own campus.
Foundation laid by Sir C.V. Raman in 1952 in the
current premises.
Inauguration of PRL Main Campus in 1954 by Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru.
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Scientists from PRL initiated Space Science
Research by contributing significantly to the
scientific and technical developments. Thus PRL
became the cradle of Indian Space Research
Program.
Drs. Sarabhai, Kalam, Nair and others
Aryabhatta Satellite
Rocket Launched from Thumba
Balloon Launch
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INDIA'S MISSION TO MOON
CHANDRAYANA - I
P S L V
1064

• Scientific objective of Moon Mission is to
  understand the origin and evolutionary history of
  moon
• 3D topographic atlas of the Moon
• High resolution mineralogical and chemical
  mapping of polar regions
• Distribution of 222Rn , 210Pb, other radioactive
  elements and some Rare Earths

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• A three colour composite of near-infrared
  reflected solar radiation for the lunar nearside
  measured by Moon Mineral Mapper payload onboard
  Chandrayaan-1. Blue colour indicates 3 micrometer
  absorption associated with the presence of OH/H2O
  that is most prominent at higher cooler
  latitudes.

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• All the administrative branches automated
  resulting in higher efficiency
• Supporting staff reduced
• Outsourcing of several services

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Recently installed Thermal Ionization Mass
Spectrometer to determine precise chronology of
growth of mountains and climate markers
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• Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)

A multinational (USA, Germany, India etc.) field
experiment conducted over the Indian Ocean to
study the impact of man made pollution on the
climate system.
Indian Research Vessel
Experiments from 1996 to 1999
Sagar Kanya
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What is the vertical extent of the pollution and
the effect on ozone?
Q
To find answer we do balloon experiments from PRL.
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Radio Carbon Dating

• Dating of old materials, collected from
  different parts of India to infer the cultural
  evolution

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Extinct Radioactivity and rare gas studies in
meteorites

• To decipher time scales of Early Solar System
  evolution and sources of noble gases. These
  studies use a laser ablation system and ion-probe.

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Currently PRL research are carried out at four
centers
Main
Mt. Abu
Thaltej
Udaipur
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Infrared Observatory (Mt. Abu)

• Studies of stellar evolution, Extra-galactic
  Astronomy, Pulsar phenomenon, etc

Optical Polarimeter
Inside view of the 1.2 m telescope
2 ?m Image of Orion Nebula taken from Mt. Abu
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Chemical and Radioactivity measurements of
environmental samples
Lidar at Mt. Abu
Measurement of temperature and Aerosol profiles
To determine chronology of various earths
surface processes and characterize source of
materials. Analysis rely on AAS, ICP-AES, Carbon
Analyzers, ion-chromatograph and a,ß,?
spectrometers
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• Non-Accelerator
• Particle Physics Experiments

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Atmospheric Neutrinos

• Cosmic rays from outer space impinge on the
  atmosphere of the earth all the time
• They produce showers of charged particles in a
  cascade phenomenon
• The end products of these cascades also contain
  neutrinos of types ne and nm

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First Detection of Atmospheric Neutrinos at KGF

• The experiments were conducted by groups from
  TIFR, Durham University and Osaka University
  using basic trigger with scintillation counters
  and (NFT) for tracking detectors. Seven
  detectors were deployed at a depth of 2.3 km in
  Heathcote shaft and Champion Reefs mines. The
  experiment discovered the first atmospheric
  neutrinos in an iron calorimeter here about the
  same time as a similar discovery in a mine in
  South Africa.

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Proton Decay Experiment at KGF

• Six proton decay events were reported, three
  strong candidates with lifetime 1031 yrs.
• Some experimental observations, called Kolar
  events, have yet to be explained. They suggest
  the existence of massive (gt3 GeV) particles
  having a long life (10-9 secs). These massive
  particles are also seen to decay into 23
  particles.

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India-based Neutrino Observatory

• 50,000 ton magnetized iron particle physics
  calorimeter with glass Resistive Plate Chamber
  (RPC) technology as the sensor elements.
• The detector was expected to start collecting
  data in the year 2012. Rescheduled to 2015.
• The location of INO has attracted a lot of
  attention from the neutrino physics community as
  the distance between INO and CERN is very close
  to "Magic Baseline" - a distance at which the
  effect of the CP phase on the measurement of ?13
  is minimal.

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• The Primary goals of the INO
• Unambiguous and more precise determination of
  Neutrino oscillation parameters using atmospheric
  neutrinos.
• Study of matter effects through electric charge
  identification, that may lead to the
  determination of the unknown sign of one of the
  mass differences.
• Study of charge-conjugation and charge parity
  (CP) violation in the leptonic sector as well as
  possible charge-conjugation, parity,
  time-reversal (CPT) violation studies.
• Study of Kolar events, possible identification of
  very-high energy neutrinos and multi-muon events.

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Budget Estimate

• INO Initial estimate 100 million
• Present estimate 250 million
• NANO 200 million with TRIGA reactor and
  vertical shaft at Mt Abu
• NANO 100 million with cyclotron and ultracold
  neutron, provided successful RD
• Outcome International importance, medical
  applications, accelerator technology beta beam
  for INO and neutron facility.

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Present Proposal

• Vertical Shaft at Mt. Abu, 1.2 high
• Accelerator and Lab space at lower level
• Detector near the observatory
• Phase I accelerator facility Lab test
  facility 100 million
• Phase II Actual expt 100 million

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Alternate Possibilities

• In some abandoned mines, accelerator facility
  overground and detector inside
• Shaft inside sea?
• Neutron cavity of length 20m?
• Accelerator facility and neutron source is
  independent of these details

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Applications and other usage of the facilities(?)

• PETRA III, DESY
• First images of proteins and viruses caught with
  an X-ray laser (Feb. 2011)

EDM of neutron (?)
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THANK YOU