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TCP/IP

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TCP/IP Yang Wang 103301 Professor: M.ANVARI TCP/IP 1: Distributed Processing 2: Communications Architecture 3: What is TCP/IP 4: TCP/IP Architecture Model 5: TCP 6 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: TCP/IP


1
TCP/IP
  • Yang Wang
  • 103301
  • Professor M.ANVARI

2
TCP/IP
  • 1 Distributed Processing
  • 2 Communications Architecture
  • 3 What is TCP/IP
  • 4 TCP/IP Architecture Model
  • 5 TCP
  • 6 IP
  • 7 The Operation of the TCP/IP
  • 8 Conclusion

3
Distributed Processing
  • 1 Centralized data processing Mainframe, Host,
    Terminal. Only host processes data.
  • 2 Distributed data processing LAN, Sever,
    Workstation. Workstation fetches software from
    Sever, and processes data by itself.
  • 3 The advantage of DDP include
  • 1) Responsiveness
  • 2) Availability
  • 3) Resource sharing
  • 4) Incremental growth
  • 5) Increased user involvement and control
  • 6) End-user productivity

4
Communications Architecture
  • 1 To achieve these DDP benefits, the operation
    system must provide a range of support functions
    for DDP. These include the software for
    exchanging data among workstations.
  • 2 Communication Architecture is software that
    supports a network of independent computer.
  • 3 It is possible that each computer has its own
    separate and different operation system, as long
    as all computers support the same communications
    architecture.
  • 4 The technology of the communications
    architecture is well developed and is supported
    by all vendors. TCP/IP is the most widely used
    communications architecture protocol suite.

5
What is TCP/IP?(con)
  • 1 TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control
    Protocol/Internet Protocol. It is a networking
    protocol that provides communication across
    interconnected networks, between computers with
    diverse hardware architectures and various
    operating systems.
  • 2 It was developed by a Department of Defense
    (DOD) research project to connect a number of
    different networks designed by different venders
    into a network of the Internet.
  • 3 The most important TCP/IP services are
  • 1) File transfer. The file transfer protocol
    (FTP) allows a user on any computer to get files
    from another computer, or to send files to
    another computer.

6
What is TCP/IP?(2)
  • 2) Electronic mail. Simple Mail Transfer
    Protocol (SMTP) to send electronic mail on a
    TCP/IP network. This allows you to send messages
    to users on other computers.
  • 3) Remote login. The Network Terminal Protocol
    (TELNET) allows a user to log in on any other
    computer on the network.
  • 4 Why is the TCP/IP popular?
  • 1) Robust client-server framework. It is an
    excellent client-server application platform,
    especially in wide-area network environment.
  • 2) Information sharing. Thousands of academic,
    defense, scientific, and commercial organizations
    share data, electronic mail and services on the
    connected Internet using TCP/IP.

7
What is TCP/IP?(3)
  • 3) General availability. Implementations of
    TCP/IP are available on nearly every popular
    computer operating system.Additionally, bridge,
    router and network analyzer vendors all offer
    support for the TCP/IP protocol family within
    their products.

8
TCP/IP Architecture Model
  • 1 Application layer. This layer contains the
    logic need to support the various user
    applications.
  • 2 Transport layer or Host-to-host layer. This
    layer handles all error detection and recovery.
    Reliability control is concentrated at this layer
    by Using checksums, acknowledgments, and
    time-outs.
  • 3 Internet layer. The IP is used at this layer
    to provide the routing function across multiple
    networks.
  • 4 Subnet layer. Covers the physical interface
    and the exchange of data between an end system
    and the network to which it is attached.

9
TCP(con)
  • 1 Definition
  • 1) TCP is a transport layer, connection-oriented,
    end-to-end protocol. It provides reliable,
    sequenced, and unduplicated delivery of bytes to
    a remote or local user.
  • a) Connection-oriented implies that TCP first
    establishes a connection between the two systems
    that intend to exchange data.
  • b) End-to-end means data transmission between
    the source system and the destination system.
  • 2) Datagram A transmission method in which
    sections of a message are transmitted in
    scattered order and the correct order is
    re-established by the receiving workstation.
    TCP/IP supports Datagram. So no two communicating
    computers monopolize the network.

10
TCP(2)
  • 2 How TCP works?
  • 1) Sequence number
  • a) when an application sends a message to TCP
    for transmission, TCP breaks the message into
    packets, and sized appropriately for the network.
  • b) TCP marks these packets with sequence numbers
    before sending them.
  • c) The sequence numbers allow the receiving
    system to properly reassemble the original
    message.

11
TCP(3)
  • 2) Checksum
  • a) Being able to reassemble the original message
    is not enough, the accuracy of the data must also
    be verified. TCP does this by computing a
    checksum.
  • b) A checksum is a simple mathematical
    computation applied, by the sender, to the data
    contained in the TCP packet.
  • c) The recipient then does the same calculation
    on the received data and compares the result with
    the checksum that the sender computed.
  • d) If the results match, the recipient sends an
    acknowledgment (ACK). If the results do not
    match, the recipient asks the sender to resend
    the packet.

12
TCP(4)
  • 3) The port ID TCP uses port ID to specify
    which application running on the system is
    sending or receiving data.
  • 4) The TCP header
  • a)The port ID, sequence number, and checksum are
    inserted into the TCP packet in a special section
    called the header.
  • b) The header is at the beginning of the packet
    containing this and other control information
    for TCP.

13
IP(con)
  • 1 Definition
  • IP is the messenger protocol of TCP/IP. The IP
    protocol, much simpler than TCP, basically
    addresses and sends packets
  • 2 How IP works?
  • 1) IP relies on three pieces of information,
    which you provide, to receive and deliver packets
    successfully IP address, subnet mask, and
    default gateway..

14
IP(2)
  • 2) IP address
  • a) The IP address identifies your system on the
    TCP/IP network.
  • b) IP addresses are 32-bit addresses that are
    globally unique on a network
  • c) They are generally represented in dotted
    decimal notation, which separates the four bytes
    of the address with periods. An IP address looks
    like this 102.54.94.97
  • d) Although an IP address is a single value, it
    really contains two pieces of information your
    systems network ID and your systems host ID.

15
IP(3)
  • 3) the subnet mask
  • a) It also represented in dotted decimal
    notation, is used to extract the network ID and
    host ID from your IP address.
  • b) the value of the subnet mask is determined by
    setting the network ID bits of the IP address to
    ones and the host ID bits to zeros.
  • c) It allows TCP/IP to determine the host ID and
    network ID of the workstation.
  • d) example when the IP address is 102.54.94.97
    ( specified by the user ) and the subnet mask is
    255.255.0.0 (specified by the user ) The network
    ID is 102.54 ( IP address and subnet mask ) and
    the host ID is 94.97 ( IP address and subnet mask
    )

16
The Operation of the TCP/IP
  • 1 The sending process generates a block of data
    and passes this to the TCP layer.
  • 2 TCP may break this block into packets and
    append the TCP header, then hands each packet
    over to the IP layer.
  • 3 IP appends an IP header to each packet then
    presents it to the subnet layer.
  • 4 the subnet layer appends its own header to
    each packet, then sends it to the receiver across
    the sub-networks.
  • 5 when recipient receives data, the reverse
    process occurs. At each layer , the corresponding
    header is removed, until the original user data
    are delivered to the destination process.

17
conclusion
  • 1 TCP/IP is the most complete and accepted
    networking protocol available
  • 2 Almost all modern operating systems offer
    TCP/IP support, and most large networks rely on
    TCP/IP for all their network traffic.
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