Waste Water Treatment

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WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Greece
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Waste Water Treatment Greece

• Project by
• Pantelis Paschalakis
• Nikos Daskalakis

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Waste Water Treatment Europe

• First significant improvements in 1980s
• Great changes over the past twenty years.

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Waste Water Treatment in Northern Central Europe
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Waste Water Treatment in Southern East Europe
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Cause for this difference
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Waste Water Treatment directive

• Member States should identify water bodies as
  sensitive areas.

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Results of WWT

• An additional threat to the environment Disposal
  of sewage sludge (Treatment plants)
• Has to be disposed of 1)spreading on soils,
  landfills or 2) incineration.
• Disposal routes can transfer pollution from
  water 1)to soil or 2)air
• Take into account in the respective policy
  implementation processes

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Waste Water Treatment Europe
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Waste Water Treatment Greece

• Environment Minister
• H.E. Mr. George Souflias

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Environment-International agreements

• Party to

• Antarctic- Environmental Protocol
• Antarctic- Marine Living Resources
• Antarctic Treaty
• Biodiversity
• Climate change
• Climate change- Kyoto protocol
• Desertification
• Environmental Modification
• Hazardous Wastes
• Law of the sea
• Marine Dumping
• Ship Pollution
• Wetlands

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WWT Research in Greece

1. Experimental and mathematical simulation of
   filamentous bulking and foaming in the WWTP of
   Ioannina
2. Consulting for the operation of the Volos WWTP
3. Wastewater reuse - Guideline development for
   pilot artificial recharging of aquifers through
   direct injection and irrigation, for seawater
   intrusion control within the framework of
   integrated and sustainable water management

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WWT Research in Greece

1. Bulking sludge phenomena in wastewater treatment
   plants
2. Optimization of flow pattern in nutrient removal
   plants to prevent bulking
3. Author Affiliation Environmental Pollution
   Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
   Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
   Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece.

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Experimental and mathematical simulation of
filamentous bulking and foaming in the WWTP of
Ioannina

• Laboratory and full scale experimental
  investigation of filamentous bulking and foaming
  in activated sludge systems. (Due to M.
  Pacivella)
• Laboratory simulation and analytical work
  Engineering Lab of N.T.U.A.
• Full scale investigation WWTP, Ioannina city (
  Population 130,000)

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WWTP in Greece facing operational problems due to
excessive bulking and foaming of activated sludge
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Consulting for the operation of the Volos WWTP

• Scope Operation optimization of Volos WWTP
• Objectives

1. Determination of the quality characteristics of
   the municipal and industrial wastewater
2. Wastewater and sludge characterization for
   toxicity determinations
3. Mathematical modeling of the biological treatment
   for the optimization of the operation of plant
4. Calibration of analytical apparatus
5. Intercalibration of analytical methods
6. Training of laboratory staff.

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Volos WWTP
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Wastewater reuse - Guideline development for
pilot artificial recharging of aquifers through
direct injection and irrigation, for seawater
intrusion control within the framework of
integrated and sustainable water management

• Project aim Promotion and dissemination of
  wastewater reuse techniques

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This project includes

• Development of reuse guidelines in Greece and
  their evaluation in a pilot scale unit for the
  artificial recharge of groundwater aquifer by
  direct injection and irrigation of treated
  wastewater.
• Control of salt water intrusion and groundwater
  level decrease contributing to the principles of
  sustainable management of water resources.
• Dissemination and the application of the results
  in Greece and the Mediterranean countries.

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Main responsibilities of N.T.U.A. study

1. Survey of implemented wastewater reuse methods
   and critical evolution of worldwide regulations
   and legislation governing wastewater reclamation.
2. Definition of wastewater quality criteria for the
   alternative reuse methods, suitable for the
   Mediterranean region and specifically Greece.
3. Analysis of wastewater effluent quality from
   several WWTP in Greece and assessment of their
   reclamation and reuse possibilities.
4. Laboratory scale studies to investigate various
   treatment and disinfection methods aiming to the
   development of the most appropriate technology
   for wastewater reclamation in Greece.

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Monte Carlo simulation for the determination of
cumulative distribution of fecal coliforms
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Bulking sludge phenomena in wastewater treatment
plants

• Aim The research project investigated the
  consequences of sludge bulking in approximately
  25 large wastewater treatment plants, selected to
  cover the greater part of Greece
• Procedure Sludge and sewage samples were
  analyzed for filamentous identification and
  sewage characteristics
• several bench scale units were operated in order
  to investigate the effect of critical parameters
  such as wastewater characteristics and plant
  configuration
• A population dynamics mathematical model and
  verified with the aid of experimental data
• According to the findings of the project useful
  practical suggestions for the improvement of the
  operation of treatment plants in Greece were
  formulated

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Dominant filamentous bacteria in Greek WWTPs
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Optimization of flow pattern in nutrient removal
plants to prevent bulking

• Main objective

• Development of control strategies to prevent
  filamentous bulking in nutrient removal plants
• The Sanitary Engineering Laboratory of NTUA,
  worked in collaboration with the other partners
  in all the aspects of the project

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Topics

• Survey of existing nutrient removal WWTPs in
  Greece
• Wastewater characterization studies
• Pilot and laboratory scale studies on the effect
  of different modes of operation on the growth of
  filamentous bacteria ( Microthrix parvicella)

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The main conclusions

1. Upgrading of wastewater treatment plants to
   nutrient removal in many cases resulted in poorer
   settling properties of activated sludge compared
   to conventional treatment plants without nutrient
   removal
2. Poor settling properties( bulking) Normally
   caused 1)by an excessive growth of filamentous
   bacteria and in some cases 2)by the surface
   chemistry of the activated sludge. Filamentous
   bacteria hinder the agglomeration and settling of
   sludge physically whereas the effect of surface
   chemistry is electrostatic in nature
3. 30 identified bacteria may cause bulking. 4-5
   were the ones most commonly found in nutrient
   removal activated sludge systems

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Microscopic identification of filamentous bacteria

1. Growth of filamentous bacteria Depend on actual
   wastewater composition and configuration and
   operational parameters of process tanks
2. Use of selector systems Successful in
   controlling bulking in conventional treatment
   plants without nutrient removal. Positive effect
   of selectors appeared to be reduced in nutrient
   removal plants.

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Author Affiliation Environmental Pollution
Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece

• Summary
• Occurrence and the fate of heavy metals (Cd,
  Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe and Ni) during the wastewater
  treatment process were investigated in the
  wastewater treatment plant (WTP) of the city of
  Thessaloniki, northern Greece, operating in the
  activated sludge mode.

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Sampling Procedure
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Research

• The distribution of metals between the aqueous
  and the solid phase of wastewater was
  investigated

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Results

• Good exponential correlation was found between
  the metal partition coefficient, logKp, and the
  suspended solids concentration
• Mass balance of heavy metals in the primary,
  secondary and the whole treatment process showed
  good closures for all metal species
• Relative distribution of individual heavy metals
  in treated effluent and sludge streams indicated
  that Mn and Cu are primarily (gt70) accumulated
  in the sludge, while 47-63 of Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, Ni
  and Zn remain in the treated effluent.

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Flow chart of the Wastewater Treatment Plant of
Thessaloniki (QRW 150 000 m3/d, QPS 4500 m3/d,
QAS 150 000 m3/d, QAS2 3000 m3/d)