Burgess JL, et al. J Occup Environ Med 1997.

1
??????????????????

• ????
• ??????
• ??????(?? ???)
• ???????????(?????? ???)

2
????
???? ???
??? ???
?? ??
?
?
?
??
?
???????
?
????
3
????????????

• ?? ?? ??/???? ????/??

75 ?????? ??????/?? 1/22 80 ??????
????/?? 1/500 81 ?????
????/?? 0/7463 82 ??????
???? 0/74 85 ??????
?????? 2/2 89 ?????? ????
1/2 89 ??????? ????
0/33 89 ?????
??????? 0/2000
4
????????

• ?? ?? ???
• ?? 51 859
• ??????? 9 226
• ???? 5 8
• ?? 1 1
• ?? 1 8
• ?? 3 18
• Burgess JL, et al. J Occup Environ Med 1997.

5
????????

• ??? ???
• ? 2,081 9.6
• ??? 1,518 7.0
• ? 1,447 6.7
• ? 850 3.9
• ?? 546 2.5

6
???????????

• ?? ??
• ? 1,382 6.4
• ???? 954 4.4
• ?? 780 3.6
• ???? 771 3.6
• ???? 640 2.7

• ?? ??
• ???? 578 2.7
• ?? 556 2.6
• ? 540 2.5
• ?? 353 1.6
• ? 343 1.6

7
?????????????????

• ?? ??
• ?????? 221 13.1
• ? 177 10.5
• ? 152 9.0
• ?? 90 5.3
• ?? 62 3.7

• ?? ??
• ???? 43 2.5
• ???? 35 2.1
• ???? 29 1.7
• ???? 25 1.5
• ?? 20 1.2

8
????????????

• ?? ?? ??/???? ????/??

75 ?????? ??????/?? 1/22 80 ??????
????/?? 1/500 81 ?????
????/?? 0/7463 82 ??????
???? 0/74 85 ??????
?????? 2/2 89 ?????? ????
1/2 89 ??????? ????
0/33 89 ?????
??????? 0/2000
9
? ?

• ????????????,?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????,?????????,???????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????

10
??

• ??????????????,???????????,????????????,??????????
  ,???????????
• ??????????????????????????(food
  chain)????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????(????????),?????
  ???????????????????,?????????,????????????????????
  ???
• ????????????,???????????????,?????????????????????
  ????????????????????????,?????????,???????????????
  ????????????????

11
?????????

• 1.?????????
• ??????????(???????)??????,????????????????????????
  ?,??????????,?????
• ????????????????????????????????????????,????????
  ??????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????,????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????

12
?????????

• 2.?????????????
• ??????????????,??????????????????????,????????????
  ?,??????????????????????????????????,?????????????
  ????????????????????????????????.??????,?????????
  ??????

13
??????????

• 1.?????
• ??75?11?26??????????????,????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????

14
??????????

• 2.??????
• ????????44?,??????????????????????5??
• ???????????????????????????????????????????,?????
  ?????,???????????????????????????????

15
?????????

• 1.????
• ????????,??????,????????????????????????(?)??(?)
  ???

16
?????????

• 2.????
• ????????,?????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????,???????????????????
• ?????????,????????????????????????????????????????
  ??23?(??????)??29???33???34????,???????????,??????
  ??????
• ?????????,????????????????????????????
• ?????161?????252?????????????????????????????,????
  ?????????????????

17
?????????

• ??
• ?????????????????,??32??????????????????????????
  ????,??28????????????????29?????
• ??31????,???????28???29????,????????,??????????,?
  ?????,???????????????????,??34?????

18
?????????

• 3.??????????
• ????????,??????????????,?????????????????????????
  ????????????????
• ????????,???????????????,????????????????,????????
  ??????????????????????252?,???2?
• ?????????????,??35????????????????????????????,??
  ????,?????

19
?????????

• 4.????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????,??
  ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ?????????
• ??????????????,??????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????

20
?????????

• 5.??????????
• ?????????,???????????,??????,?????????????,??????
  ??????????????,???????????,????????????????

21
Tokyo subway sarin attack
Phosphonofluoridic acid, methyl-, isopropyl ester
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
?????????

• ?????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????45??
• ??????????,?????????????,???????????131??
• ????????????????????-???1,3-?????????????????76??

25
?????????

• 6.?????
• ???????????,?????????????????,?????????(?????????
  ?????)????????????????????????????????????????????
  ,??????????,?????
• 7.???????
• ?????????????????????,??????????????????,???????
  ?????????????
• ???????????????????????????????,??????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????
• ????????????,?????????????????????????????,??29??
  ??????????????????,??34????

26
?????????

• 8.??????
• ????????????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????,???????
• ???????????????????,??35????
• 9.??????
• ???????,?????????????????????,????????????????????
  ???,?????????,???????????????????????????????????,
  ??????????
• ??????????????????????????,??????????????????????,
  ???????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????,??35????

27
??????(3/4???)??????
28
????????????
29
?????????

• 10.??????????
• ?????????,????????????????????????????????????????
  ?
• ???????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????,??32????

30
?????????

• 11.?????????????
• ????????,????????,??????,????????????
• 12.??
• ?????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????
  ????????????
• ???????????,??????????????????????????????????????
  ,??????????????????,??????????????????????????????
  ??????????????
• ???????????,??35????

31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
?????????

• 13.??????
• ?????????,???????????????????????,????????????????
  ?????
• ?????????????,????????????????,???????????????????
  ???????????
• ?????????????????,??35????

35
?????????

• 14.????
• ?????????,???????????????????????????,????????????
  ??????????????????????
• ???????????,???????,???????????????????,??????????
  ?????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ?????????????,??????????????????????????,?????????
  ????
• ???????????,??34???,???????,??32????

36
?????????

• 15.????????
• ?????????,???????????????,??????????????????????,?
  ???????1.????2.???????3.????4.??????5.???????
  ???????????
• ???????????,??32????
• 16.??????
• ?????????,????????,??????
• 1.????????,??????????
• 2.?????????,???????????????????????
• 3.?????????????,???????

37
?????????

• 17.????
• ?????????,???????????????????????????,????????????
  ?????????????
• ??????????????,??34????
• 18.?????????
• ?????????,??????????????,?????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????,?????
• ????????????,??34????

38
?????????

• 19.????????
• ??????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????
  ??????????,?????????????????,?????????????????
• ???????????,????????,??????
• 1.????????????????,??????????????????
• 2.???????????????
• 3.??????????????
• ????,??????????????,????????????????????????,?????
  ???????????????????,???????????
• ??????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????
  ?,??????????????????
• ????????????????????????,??29?????,??????????????
  ?,??28????????31??????????????????????????????????
  ?????,??32???????????????????,??34????

39
?????????

• 20.????
• ??????????,?????????????,??????,??????????????????
  ???????????????,?????,??????????????????,????????
  ????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????,??33????
  ?????????,???????
• 21.??????
• ?????????????????????,??????,?????
• 1.????????????????????,??????????????????
• 2.?????????????????,??????????????????,??????????
  ????????,??????????????
• 3.???????????
• ??????????????????????????,??????,??32????

40
?????????

• 22.?????????????
• ??????????,????????,??????????????????????????,???
  ?????????????
• 23.??????????????????
• ??????????,??????????????????????????????,????????
  ?????????????,??????????
• ???????????????????????????????,??????????????
• ?????????????????????????,????????????????

41
?????????

• 24.??????
• ??????????,????????????,??????????????,???????????
  ???????????????????????
• ?????????????????,????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????,??35????
• 25.??
• ????????????????,????????????????,?????????????,??
  ??????,?????????????????,????????
• 26.??
• ??????????,???????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????,????????????
  ???,??????????????????????

42
?????????

• ?????????
• ?????????
• ???(???)
• ???
• ??(???)
• ???????
• ???????
• ?????
• ?????

• ????????
• ?????
• ??????????????
• ?????
• ??????
• ???????
• ??????????
• ????
• ??

43
???????

• ?????????????
• ?????????????
• ??????????????
• ??????,????????????????????????????
• ?????????

44
??????????

• ?????
• ?????
• ??????
• ?????????????
• ?????
• ?????????
• ????????
• ??
• ????????

45
??????

• ???????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????
• ???????????????????

46
????????

• ????????????????????????????????????????,????????
  ??????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????,????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????

47
????????

• ?????????,????????????????????
• ???????????
• ??????????????????

48

• The Bhopal Disaster
• In the early morning of December 3, 1984 a Union
  Carbide pesticide producing plant leaked a highly
  toxic cloud of methyl isocyanate onto the densely
  populated region of Bhopal, central India.
• Of the 800,000 people living in Bhopal at the
  time, 2,000 died immediately, 300,000 were
  injured and as many as 8,000 have died since.
• The leak was caused by a series of mechanical and
  human errors. A portion of the safety equipment
  at the plant had been nonoperational for four
  months and the rest failed.
• When the plant finally sounded an alarm--an hour
  after the toxic cloud had escaped--much of the
  harm had already been done.

49
Disaster in Bhopal, India, 1984 (3800 killed)
50
Bhopal, India
H3C-NCO
The Bhopal Plant - The Union Carbide Plant,
Bhopal, India, site of a December, 1984
51
(No Transcript)
52
??

• ??????????,????????????????????

????? ??? ??? ??? ???
? ? ???????????????????????????,?????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????,???????????????? ?????????????????????
???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????
?????? 1.??? 2.????? 3.??(????????)? 1.??? 2.????? 3.??(????????)? 1.??? 2.????? 3.??(????????)?
?? (??MSDS) ? ? ?
????(??????????????) ? ? ?
53
?????? ? ? ? ?
????????(????????) ? ? ?
?????(????????) ? ? ?
??????? 1.?????? 2.????????? 1.?????? 2.????????? 1.?????? 2.?????????
?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????
?????? ?????? ??????
???? 1.????? 2.?????????????????
?????????? ???? ???? ????
???? ? ? ? ?
?????? ? ? ?