Active learning

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Active learning different learning approaches

• Dr. Kosala Marambe
• Medical Education Unit

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What does the term

• learning
• mean to you ?

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Learning

• A process resulting in some modification,
  relatively permanent, of the way of thinking,
  feeling and doing of the learner
• (More a behavouristic definition)
• (Educational handbook for health personnel .
  World Health Organization, 1998)

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Stop and think

• Reflect on your past learning experiences
• Select the best experience which enabled you to
  learn that particular thing (may be academic or
  outside) list out the reasons for why it is so.

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Learning

• Learning is construction of knowledge, based on
  prior knowledge and new information that is
  interpreted by prior knowledge.
• (Cognitive Psychology)

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Teaching methods which place the student in
anActive Situation for learning are more likely
to be effective than those which do
not George Miller
( Medical educationist)
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Two types of learning

• Active - Learner takes the responsibility for
  learning, less dependant on teachers - knows how
  to learn- life long learner
• Passive Very much dependant on the teacher and
  expects most to be provided, lectures, lecture
  notes, questions etc. find difficult to keep
  abreast with new knowledge

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Passive Learning

• Examples
• Listening to a lecturer, taking down everything
  that is told
• Waiting to be told what to do next
• following routines without questioning/
  reasoning out
• Teacher is in full control, authoritarian

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What is meant by active learning?

• That is to say that the learner is taking the
  initiative for ones learning
• Teacher is only a guide

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ExamplesReading text booksDiscussionsClinical
cases of relevanceEngaged in practicalObservati
onProjectsTeaching othersPortfolio
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Strategies for active learning

• Setting goals
• Setting up a plan for what you need to achieve
• Developing a table with deadlines
• Making decisions
• Checking progress
• If things are not working right taking remedial
  measures

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Learning aids

• Objectives
• Lectures
• Practical classes
• Patients
• Ward work
• Discussions
• books
• Internet
• Writing summaries/ answers
• Journal articles

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Learning approaches of students
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Surface approach
Student focus their attention on isolated
details. They are often trying to memorise these
individual details in the same form in which they
first appeared
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Deep approach

• Students focus their attention on the underlying
  meaning or message. They attempt to relate ideas
  together and construct their own meaning,
  possibly in relation to their own experience

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Strategic

• Student adopts deep and surface approaches in
  combination so as to achieve the highest possible
  marks.

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Strategic

• The approach involves using well organized study
  methods and careful time management, alertness to
  cues given by tutors about what they are looking
  for in deciding grades or marks or what they are
  going to set in the examinations.

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• The students are conscious of two separate foci
  of attention the academic content and the
  teachers reward system.
• (Marton, Hounsell and Entwistle 1997)

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Retaining power of teaching/ learning methods
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Factors which facilitate learning

• Relevance
• Motivation
• Feedback
• Examinations
• Access to multiple resources
• Learning environment

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A wisdom sloka from Mahabarata

• A quarter of our learning comes from our
  receptors
• Own intellect and talent provides a quarter
• A quarter from the peers and friends
• And the remainder only with time
• (UGC 2006)