Animal Nutrition

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Animal Nutrition
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What is animal nutrition?

• The dietary needs of domesticated and captive
  wild animals

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Why is animal nutrition important?

• Animals need proper nutrition to support their
  body requirements
• Growth
• Maintenance
• Work
• Reproduction
• Lactation

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How are nutritional requirements determined?

• Digestive System
• Ruminant or Non-Ruminant
• Feeding Type
• Carnivore, Omnivore or Herbivore
• Body Requirements

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How are nutritional requirements met?

• By feeding a balanced diet

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What is a balanced diet?

• A feeding program that
• Stimulates natural feeding behaviors
• Meets all nutritional requirements
• Is practical and economical

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How are natural feeding behaviors stimulated?

• Feeding diets that allow the animal to obtain
  their food in a similar manner to that in the
  wild
• Where
• How
• Time
• Type

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How are nutritional requirements met in the diet?

• Providing a diet that consists of the 6 basic
  nutrients in quantities appropriate for each
  specific animal species

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What are the 6 basic nutrients?

• Carbohydrates
• Fats and Oils
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water

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What are carbohydrates?

• Nutrients made up of sugars, starches cellulose
• Provide energy
• Largest source of energy in a diet
• Source
• Cereal grains (corn, wheat and oats)
• Roughage (alfalfa hay, grasses and plants)
• Sugars (Molasses to improve taste reduce dust)

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Corn
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What are fats oils?

• Nutrients made up of triglycerides and fatty
  acids
• Provide energy
• 2.25 times the energy as carbohydrates
• Extra carbs are stores as fat
• Carry fat soluble vitamins
• Source
• Grain protein concentrates (corn soybean oil)
• Natural feed ingredients (meat, fish, nuts eggs)

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Soybean Oil
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What are proteins?

• Nutrients made up of amino acids
• Provide materials for growth
• Body tissues (muscles, skin hair)
• Source
• Plant (soybean, cottonseed alfalfa meal)
• Animal (meat fish meal, dried milk)

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Meat
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What are vitamins?

• Organic compounds, containing carbon, needed in
  small amounts
• Provide materials for body regulation
• Water soluble (B-complex C)
• Fat soluble (A, D, E K)
• Source
• Pre-mix (powder added to feed, best way to
  provide)
• Natural feed ingredients (fruits vegetables)

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Vitamin C
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What are minerals?

• Inorganic compounds, containing NO carbon, needed
  in small amounts
• Provide materials for growth and regulation
• Bones, teeth tissues (calcium phosphorus)
• Chemical homeostasis (iron, folic acid copper)
• Source
• Pre-mix (powder) or mineral block (separate from
  feed)
• Natural feed ingredients (meat, milk, green
  vegetables)
• Nature (soil rocks)

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Calcium
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What is water?

• The most important nutrient, essential for the
  survival of all animals
• Provides
• Hydration of body
• Transport system for nutrients (dissolves
  carries)
• Source
• Supplied separately from diet
• From a clean well or plumbing

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H2O
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Nutrient Review

• Carbohydrates
• Provide energy
• Sources
• Cereal Grains
• Corn (most popular)
• Oats and Wheat
• Roughages
• Alfalfa Hay (high energy/fiber)
• Sugars
• Molasses (increases palatability taste and
  reduces dust)

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Nutrient Review

• Fats and Oils
• Provide energy
• 2.25x more than carbohydrates
• Carry fat soluble vitamins
• Sources
• Grain and protein concentrates
• Vegetable oil
• Natural sources
• Meats, nuts and dairy products

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Nutrient Review

• Proteins
• Provide amino acids for growth and development
• Sources
• Animal
• Meat, Bone and Fish meal
• Dried milk
• Plant
• Soybean and cottonseed meal
• The word meal is almost always after the protein
  source

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Nutrient Review

• Vitamins
• Regulate body functions
• Designated by letters (A, B, C, D, E and K)
• Sources
• Premix
• Most effective source
• Natural sources
• Fruits and Vegetables

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Nutrient Review

• Minerals
• Regulate body functions
• Provide growth of bones and tissues
• Sources
• Premix
• Most certain source
• Natural sources
• Meats, vegetables, rocks and soil

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Nutrient Review

• Water
• Hydrate the body
• Makes up 40-80 of the body
• Regulate body functions
• Transport nutrients
• Sources
• Clean water sources