Principle Skeletal Muscles 1

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Principle Skeletal Muscles 1

• Muscles of Facial Expression, Muscles that Move
  the Mandible and Muscles that Move the Eyeballs

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Muscles of Facial Expression

• The muscles of facial expression provide humans
  with the ability to express a wide variety of
  emotions. The muscles themselves lie within the
  layers of superficial fascia. The origins are
  generally in the fascia or bones of the skull and
  insertions into the skin of the face

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Occipitofrontalis Front and Occipital Bellies

• Front Belly
• Origin Epicranial Aponeurosis
• Insertion Skin superior to orbit
• Action Draws scalp forward, raises eyebrows and
  wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally
• Occipital Belly
• Origin Occipital and Temporal Bones
• Insertion Epicranial Aponeurosis
• Action Draws scalp backwards

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Orbicularis Oris

• Origin muscle fibers surrounding opening of
  mouth
• Insertion Skin at corner of mouth
• Action Closes and protrudes lips, compresses
  lips against teeth and shapes lips during speech

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Zygomaticus Major

• Origin zygomatic bone
• Insertion Skin at angle of mouth and
  orbicularis oris
• Action Draws corners of mouth outward and
  upward as in smiling

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Buccinator

• Origin Maxilla and Mandible
• Insertion Orbicularis Oris
• Action presses cheeks against teeth and lips,
  as in whistling draws corner of mouth laterally,
  assists in chewing be keeping food between teeth

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Platysma

• Origin Fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major
  muscles
• Insertion Mandible, muscles around mouth and
  skin of lower face
• Action Draws outer part of lower lip downward
  and backward as in pouting depresses mandible

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Orbicularis Oculi

• Origin Medial wall of orbit
• Insertion Circular path around orbit
• Action Closes eye wrinkles forehead vertically

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Levator Palpebrae Superioris

• Origin Roof of Orbit
• Insertion Skin of upper eyelid
• Action - Opens Eye

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Muscles that Move the Mandible

• Also known as muscles of mastication because
  they are used for biting and chewing. These
  muscles also assist in speech.

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Masseter

• Origin Maxilla and Zygomatic Arch
• Insertion Mandible
• Action Elevates and retracts mandible

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Temporalis

• Origin Temporal Bone
• Insertion Mandible
• Action Elevates and retracts mandible

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Medial Pterigoid

• Origin Sphenoid bone and maxilla
• Insertion Mandible
• Action elevates and protracts mandible and
  moves mandible from side to side

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Lateral Pterygoid

• Origin Sphenoid Bone
• Insertion TMJ
• Action Protracts mandible, depresses mandible
  and moves mandible from side to side

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Muscles that Move the Eyeballs

• Movement of the eyeballs are controlled by three
  pairs of extrinsic muscles. These are among the
  fastest contracting and most precisely controlled
  skeletal muscles of the body.

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Superior Rectus/Inferior Rectus

• Superior
• Origin Tendinous ring attached to bony orbit
  around the optic foramen
• Insertion Superior and central part of the
  eyeball
• Action Moves eyeball upward and medially and
  rotates its medially
• Inferior
• Origin - Tendinous ring attached to bony orbit
  around the optic foramen
• Insertion Inferior and central part of the
  eyeball
• Action Moves eyeball downward and medially and
  rotates it laterally

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Lateral/Medial Rectus

• Lateral
• Origin Tendinous ring attached to bony orbit
  around the optic foramen
• Insertion Lateral Side of Eyeball
• Action Moves eyeball laterally
• Medial
• Origin Tendinous ring attached to bony orbit
  around the optic foramen
• Insertion Medial Side of Eyeball
• Action Moves eyeball medially

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Superior/Inferior Oblique

• Superior
• Origin Tendinous ring attached to bony orbit
  around the optic foramen
• Insertion Eyeball between superior and lateral
  recti
• Action moves eyeball downward, laterally and
  rotates medially
• Inferior
• Origin Maxilla
• Insertion eyeball between inferior and lateral
  recti
• Action moves eyeball upward and laterally and
  rotates it laterally

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Cadaver face dissection
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Principle Skeletal Muscles 2

• Muscles that act on the abdominal wall, muscles
  used in breathing and muscles that move the
  pectoral girdle

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MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

• The anterior abdominal wall is composed of skin,
  fascia and 4 pairs of muscles.
• Tendinous Intersections bands of connective
  tissue that divides the rectus abdominis
• Linea Alba tough fibrous band extending from
  xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

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Rectus Abdominis

• Origin Pubis and Pubic Symphysis
• Insertion Costal Cartilage and Xiphoid Process
• Action Flexes vertebral column and compresses
  abdomen

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Linea Alba
Tendinous Intersections
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External Oblique

• Origin Lower 8 ribs
• Insertion Crest of Ilium and Linea Alba
• Action Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral
  column. Singularly rotates vertebral column

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Internal Oblique

• Origin Ilium, inguinal ligament
• Insertion Costal Cartilage and linea alba
• Action - Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral
  column. Singularly rotates vertebral column

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Transverse Abdominis

• Origin Ilium, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia,
  and costal cartilage
• Insertion Xiphoid Process, linea alba and pubis
• Action Compress Abdomen

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Muscles Used in Breathing

• These muscles alter the size of the thoracic
  cavity so that breathing can occur. Inhalation
  occurs when the thoracic cavity increases in size
  and exhalation occurs when the thoracic cavity
  decreases in size

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Diaphragm

• Origin xiphoid process, costal cartilage and
  lumbar vertebrae
• Insertion central tendon
• Action increases the vertical dimension of the
  thoracic cavity resulting in inhalation.

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External and Internal Intercostals

• Origin ribs
• Insertion ribs
• Action
• External increases the anteroposterior and
  lateral dimensions of thoracic cage resulting in
  inhalation
• Internal decreases the antroposterior and
  lateral dimensions resulting in forceful
  exhalation

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Muscles that Move the Pectoral Girdle

• These muscles are divided into anterior
  (pectoralis minor and serratus anterior) and
  posterior (trapezius, levator scapulae and
  rhomboid major) thoracic muscles based on their
  location.
• The main action of the muscles is to hold the
  scapula in place so that is can function as a
  stable origin for the muscles that move the
  humerus

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Pectoralis minor

• Origin Ribs 3-5
• Insertion Scapula
• Action depresses scapula, moves it laterally
  and forward

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Serratus Anterior

• Origin Upper 8 or 9 ribs
• Insertion Scapula
• Action Moves scapula laterally and forward.
• AKA the boxers muscle because it is important
  in horizontal arm movements like punching.

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Trapezius

• Origin occipital bone, spines of C7 and
  thoracic vertebrae
• Insertion clavicle and scapula
• Action Elevates clavicle, moves scapula medially

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Levator Scapulae

• Origin C1 C5
• Insertion Scapula
• Action elevates scapula

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Rhomboid Major

• Origin Spines of T2-T5
• Insertion Scapula
• Action Elevates scapula, moves it medially

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Principle Skeletal Muscles 3

• Muscles that move the Vertebral Column, Muscles
  that move the femur, tibia, fibula foot and toes

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Erector Spinae

• Origin All ribs, cervical, thoracic and lumbar
  vertebrae
• Insertion Occipital Bone, ribs and vertebrae
• Action Extends head extends and laterally
  flexes vertebral column

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STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID!!! ?

• Origin sternum and clavicle
• Insertion Mastoid process of temporal bone
• Action flex cervical spine or rotate head

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Quadratus Lumborum

• Origin Ilium
• Insertion 12th rib and upper 4 lumbar vertebrae
• Action Extend lumbar spine when both are
  contracted. Flexes lumbar spine when one is
  contracted

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Psoas Major

• Origin Lumbar Vertebrae
• Insertion Femur
• Action Flexes and rotates thigh laterally at
  the hip

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Iliacus

• Origin Ilium
• Insertion Femur
• Action Flexes and rotates thigh laterally at hip

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Gluteal Muscles

• Gluteus Maximus, Minimus and Medius
• Origin Ilium
• Insertion Femur
• Actions
• Maximus Extends and rotates thigh laterally at
  hip
• Medius and Minimus Abducts and rotates thigh
  medially at hip

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Tensor Fasciae Latae

• Origin Ilium
• Insertion Tibia
• Action Flexes and abducts the thigh at the hip

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Adductor Longus

• Origin Pubis and Pubic Symphysis
• Insertion Femur
• Action Adducts, medially rotates and flexes
  thigh at hip

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Adductor Magnus

• Origin - Pubis and Ischium
• Insertion Femur
• Action Adducts, flexes, medially rotates and
  extends thigh

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Piriformus

• Origin Sacrum
• Insertion Femur
• Action Rotates thigh laterally

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Gracilis

• Origin Pubic Symphysis
• Insertion Tibia
• Action Adducts and medially rotates thigh at
  hip and flexes knee

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Quadriceps Femoris

• Composed of 4 parts
• Rectus Femorus
• Vastus Lateralis
• Vastus Medialis
• Vastus Intermedius
• Action Extend leg at knee joint

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Sartorius

• Origin Ilium
• Insertion Tibia
• Action Flexes leg at knee, abducts and
  laterally rotates thigh at hip joint (like
  corssing legs)

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Hamstrings

• Group of 3 muscles
• Biceps Femoris
• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus
• Action flexes leg at knee, extends thigh at hip

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Tibialis Anterior

• Origin Tibia
• Insertion 1st metatarsal and 1st cuniform
  (tarsal)
• Action dorsiflex and invert foot

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Peroneus Longus

• Origin Fibula and Tibia
• Insertion 1st metatarsal and 1st cuniform
• Action Plantar flexes and everts foot

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Gastrocnemius

• Origin Femur
• Insertion Calcaneus
• Action Plantar Flexion flexes leg at knee

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Soleus

• Origin Fibula and Tibia
• Insertion Calcaneus
• Action Plantar Flexion

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Flexor Digitorum Longus

• Origin Tibia
• Insertion Distal Phalanges
• Action Flexes toes

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Principle Skeletal Muscles

• Upper Extremity

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Biceps brachii

• Origin Scapula
• Insertion Radius
• Action Flexes and supinates forearm at elbow

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Brachialis

• Origin Humerus
• Insertion Ulna
• Action Flexes forearm at elbow joint

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Brachioradialis

• Origin Humerus
• Insertion Radius
• Action Flexes forearm at elbow joint

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Triceps Brachii

• Origin Scapula and Humerus
• Insertion Ulna
• Action Extends forearm at elbow joint

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Supinator

• Origin Humerus and Ulna
• Insertion Radius
• Action Supinates Forearm

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Pronator teres

• Origin Humerus and Ulna
• Insertion Radius
• Action Pronates Forearm

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Pronator Quadratus

• Origin Ulna
• Insertion Radius
• Action Pronates Forearm

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Flexors

• Origins Humerus or Humerus and Ulna
• Insertions Carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
• Actions Flexes wrist, hands and fingers

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Extensors

• Origins Humerus or Humerus and Ulna
• Insertions Metacarpals and phalanges
• Actions Extends, adducts and abducts wrist,
  hands and fingers

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Pectoralis Major

• Origin Clavicle, sternum and 6th 7th ribs
• Insertion Humerus
• Action Adducts and rotates arm medially

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Pectoralis Minor

• Origin 3rd 5th ribs
• Insertion scapula
• Action depresses scapula

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Latissimus Dorsi

• Origin Spines of lower vertebrae
• Insertion Humerus
• Action Extends, adducts and rotates arm at
  shoulder

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Deltoid

• Origin Clavicle and scapula
• Insertion Humerus
• Action Abducts, flexes, extends and rotates arm
  at shoulder

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Subscapularis

• Origin Scapula
• Insertion Humerus
• Action Rotates arm medially

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Coracobrachialis

• Origin Scapula
• Insertion Humerus
• Action flexes and adducts arm at shoulder

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Serratus Anterior

• Origin Upper 8 ribs
• Insertion Scapula
• Action Moves scapula laterally and forward
  (horizontal arm movement)

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Trapezius

• Origin Occipital Bone and spines of thoracic
  vertebrae
• Insertion Clavicle and Scapula
• Action Elevates clavicle, moves scapula
  medially, extends head

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Levator Scapulae

• Origin Upper 4 or 5 cervical vertebrae
• Insertion Scapula
• Action elevates scapula