Memory Failure and Settling Old Scores

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Memory Failure and Settling Old Scores

• Group Champion
• Yasin ERYILMAZ
• Harun UYSAL
• M.Tahir ÖKSÜZ
• Kaan GÜRBÜZ

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MEMORY

• Whats Memory?
• Memory is the permanent effectiveness of past.
• Memory is the ability to explain past
  experiences orally or behaviorally and knowing
  that the event happened in the past.

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Steps of Memory

• 1- Sensory-Motor Memory
• Doing automatically most of things.
• Ex writing, riding, swimming.
• 2- Social Memory
• Made up with people in the society.
• 3- Autistic Memory
• Comes out in dream times and mental diseases
  as hallucination.

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Steps of Memory

• Memory works by organization of these three
  steps in a hierarchical order.

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Phases of Memory
CODING
RETRIEVAL
STORAGE
Calling from memory
Placing to memory
Keeping in memory
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Types of Memories

• There are two types of memories
• Short-Term Storage Memory
• Long-Term Storage Memory

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Short-Term Storage Memory

• It is a type of memory which keeps information in
  mind less than 30 seconds.
• During that time horizon, information which is
  kept by sense organs goes through memory process.
• A limited amount of information is kept in mind
  which is attained by cognition.

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Short-Term Storage Memory

• For keeping newly learnt words and names of
  already met people in short-term storage memory
  it is necessary to repeat them.
• Example
• Napolyon couldnt keep in mind newly met
  peoples names, forgot quickly, had difficulties
  in remembering them. For preventing that he
  repeated those names silently.

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Long-Term Storage Memory

• Information that is taken to long-term storage
  memory is kept in mind, not forgotten for a long
  time.
• There is possibility to remember a person ,
  object, event or word that is forgotten in the
  long-term storage memory. On the contrary it is
  impossible in short term storage memory.

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Long-Term Storage Memory

• The scope of LTS memory is effected by wide range
  of variables. Those are
• Keeping in mind learnt material
• Learning of material effectively at first
• Significance of material
• There shouldnt be any negative effects of other
  learnt materials.

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Long-Term Storage Memory

• LTS memories can be classified in two ways 
• Nondeclarative(implicit) Memory
• Declarative Memory

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Long-Term Storage Memory

• Nondeclarative(implicit) Memory
• 1- Procedural memory
• Performed without conscious thought or attention
  once the procedure has been learned. (e.g. riding
  a bicycle)
• 2- Motor skill memory
• Involves many of the things we do every day 
• (e.g. our morning grooming and breakfast
  rituals, driving to work.)
• 3- Emotional memory
• Emotionally laden events are easily retrieved.

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Long-Term Storage Memory

• Declarative memory
• 1-Episodic memory
• Connected with events that occurred in our
  lives at a specific time and place.
• 2- Semantic memory
• Deals with facts and information not directly
  linked to events in our lives.

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Keeping in Mind Forgetting

• If some information is learnt well, it will be
  kept in mind for a long time and better.
• Factors that make easier learning and keeping in
  mind are
• Attitude
• Emotional Approach
• Organization of Material

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Keeping in Mind Forgetting
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Factors that Hinder Keeping in Mind

• There are two types of factors that hinder
  keeping in mind or make easier forgetting.
• Other occupations that interrupts learning
  process and remembering.
• Emotional states and attitudes.

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Factors that Hinder Keeping in Mind

• Other Occupations
• After learning process, if other occupations
  arent striven, remembering the learnt things
  become more easier.
• Sleeping is such an occupation.
  
• The key terms are
• Retroactive(Backward) Hindering
• Proactive(Forward) Hindering

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Factors that Hinder Keeping in Mind

• Emotional States and Attitudes
• Emotional factors in forgetting and remembering
  are tried to explain by using concepts as
• Consciousness
• Unconsciousness
• Before consciousness
• Pressure

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Factors that Hinder Keeping in Mind
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Factors that Hinder Keeping in Mind

• Emotional States and Attitudes(contd)
• According to general learning principles, by
  interference of newly and pastly learnt things,
  one exerts more pressure on another one and its
  effect will disappear.

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Factors that Hinder Keeping in Mind

• Emotional States and Attitudes(contd)
• Emotional affects take important role in
  forgetting. If a newly met situation awakes
  memory of a past unpleasant event at person, that
  person will learn a new behavior that causes to
  forget the initial unpleasant event.

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Memory Failure

• Memory
• a)Increasing(hypermnesia)
• b)Decreasing(hypomnesia, dysmnesia,
  amnesia)
• c)Deterioration (Paramnisia)

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Memory Failure(contd)

• a)Increasing (hypermnesia)
• Exceptionally exact or vivid memory, especially
  as associated with certain mental illnesses

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Memory Failure(contd)

• b)Decreasing (hypomnesia, dysmnesia, amnesia)
  
• Memorys encoding, storage and retriveal of
  information and past event strength has been
  weaken. It is discussed that there is partly or
  competely insufficiency to remembering of
  information and past events

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Memory Failure(contd)

• b)Decreasing (hypomnesia, dysmnesia,
  amnesia)(contd)
• hypomnesia Abnormally poor memory of the past
• dysmnesia A naturally poor or an impaired memory

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Memory Failure(contd)

• b)Decreasing (hypomnesia, dysmnesia,
  amnesia)(contd)
• Anterograde amnesiais a selective memory
  deficit, resulting from brain injury, in which
  the individual is severely impaired in learning
  new information.
• Retrograde amnesia is a form of amnesia
  resulting from brain injury in which the
  individual loses memories for the time period
  just prior to the injury.

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Memory Failure(contd)

• c) Deterioration (Paramnisia)
• Defective and distorted remembering

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Memory Failure(contd)

• c)Deterioration (Paramnisia)(contd)
• Deja vu "already seen."
• Those who have experienced the feeling describe
  it as an overwhelming sense of familiarity with
  something that shouldn't be familiar at all.
• Say, for example, you are traveling to England
  for the first time. You are touring a cathedral,
  and suddenly it seems as if you have been in that
  very spot before

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Memory Failure(contd)

• c)Deterioration (Paramnisia)(contd)
• Jamais vu Its the opposite of deja vu. Instead
  of feeling extra familiar, thing seem totally
  unfamiliar. When a person is in this state,
  nothing they experience seems to have anything to
  do with the past.
• They might be talking to a person they know well
  and suddenly that person seems totally
  unfamiliar. A room in which they spend a lot of
  time suddenly becomes totally novel everything
  seems new

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Memory Failure(contd)

• c)Deterioration (Paramnisia)(contd)
• Deja Entendu already heard.
• Describing or involving an inexplicable sense
  of having heard a sound, phrase, or sentence
  prior to when it is actually being heard

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Memory Failure(contd)

• c)Deterioration (Paramnisia)(contd)
• ecmnesia Impairment of memory for recent events
  with normal memory for distant events
• past events are be experienced like present time

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Memory Failure(contd)

• c)Deterioration (Paramnisia)(contd)
• Confabulation
• Emptiness in the memory is filled unconsciously
  by imaginary stories that are unreal but patient
  believes in

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WHY GOOD MEMORY?

• One of the attributes of a successful negatiator
  is a good memory!
• Because,
• Poor memory is a PAIN. And it HURTS.
• Recall all the situations when YOU forgot
  something or someone in the past week.
• recall the frustration,
• the wastage of time (yours and others),
• the endless repetitions,
• the disorganised state of affairs,
• the feeling of loss of control

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WHY GOOD MEMORY?

• Negotiators often err by allowing dramatic past
  events embedded in their memory banks to
  influence predictions they make during a
  negotiation. Because a previous wage negotiation
  ended in a strike, their thinking is dominated by
  the probability that this may again happen. They
  could consequently tend to be overcautious and
  too accommodating.

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WHY GOOD MEMORY?

• Effective negotiators tend to have and to need
  good memories!
• Meeting someone who apparently has a bad memory
  indicates that one possibly can gain an advantage
  
• because
• If you are able to correct your counterpart or
  refresh his or her memory with facts and figures
  shared with you in an earlier session, you will
  earn a tremendous amount of credibility and power
• Their command of the fact of the negotiations may
  be faulty
• The fact that they have a poor memory should
  place us in advantagous position because they may
  be a less effective negotiator

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Remembering

• Remembering is concerning everybody. Remembering
  is more important than to remember a lyric or a
  phone number. If we remember our experience
  about life with its good side and bad side, than
  we expect our life will go on with less pain and
  mistake

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Remembering(contd)

• Example Lonnie
• Lonnie has a great remembering skill. If you
  watch her show you would think that she is great
  but on the other hand she even doesnt know the
  difference between tall and short. She knows
  Lincolns all popular sayings but, she doesnt
  know what they mean.

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Remembering(contd)

• Example Lonnie(contd)
• She has really strong remembering skill but she
  would never be a office member or anything in the
  business. If I ask Who wants to be a Lonnie?
  than I think nobody answer this question yes.
  So, we should have different objectives about our
  life

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Aims of Remembering

• Our aim for remembering should have two targets
• to be efficient in our business life
• to help our memory activities

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Memory Systems

• These systems were just like Lonnie example. And
  havent any scientific meaning.

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Herman Ebbinghaus

• He is a German scientist
• Wrote a book about memory. It is the first
  scientific research about remembering
• He suggested natural methods not artificial ones.

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General Rules for Efficient Remembering

• To remember in time and true, make your brain
  ready and be desirous.
• Give reaction to thing that you have to remember.
  And focus on them with all your senses. Look at
  it, speak with it and think of it.
• Clean your brain and support your brain to work
  properly.
• Concentrate your thoughts on information that you
  have collected before.

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Exercises to remember better

• Why Exercise?
• How to get easier an exercise?
• Exercising in the morning.
• Business applications.

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Effect of physical situation to reactions

• Illness, fatigue, sleeplessness and alcohol
  decrease the level of reaction
• Drinks like coffee, coke and tea increases
  reaction in 1-4 hours. Pills like Amphetamine and
  Bonzedrine increases reaction too.

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Seven ways for more reliable Memory

• Memorize very well at the beginning This is the
  best way against to wrong remembering.
• Take care of remembering if they are true or not
  we should check our knowledge if they are true or
  not. If they are not true, we then have to
  correct them.
• Take notes that will help us we should note
  important details. For example, an information
  that we have to remember 1 hour later.

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Seven ways for more reliable Memory

• Check your knowledge that will cause an important
  decision or discussion.
• Determine your desires Try to determine your
  desires and expectations truly as possible as you
  can.
• Check your thoughts objectively, if you fell that
  you remember wrong.
• Understand well subject from the beginning

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What should be done when remembering becomes hard?

• Method to foster situation, activity and spirit
• Set Up and Wait method
• a- For a little while, you think on the event
  and then wheels start to turn
• b- Later, you wait for thoughts and perceptions
  foster again

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SETTLING OLD SCORES

• IS EQUAL TO AVENGE

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The Fundamental of Revenge-AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR

• Sources of aggressive emotions
• Instinct
• Disturbance
• Frustration
• Uncertain ensthusiasm

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CONTROLLING AGGRESSION

• Techniques for control
• Learning
• Stiffening
• Imitating
• Provokators for aggression

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MINIMIZING AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS

• Catharsis
• The Anxiety for Punishment and Retaliation
• Self-Restraint
• Alteration of Direction

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SETTLING (Paying off) OLD SCORES

• Settling Old Scores is similar to the concept of
  Revenge
• Revenge consists of retaliation against a person
  or group in response to perceived wrongdoing.
• Although many aspects of revenge resemble or echo
  the concept of making things equal, revenge
  usually has a more injurious than constructive
  goal. The vengeful wish to make the other side go
  through what they went through or make sure
  they'll never be able to do what they did again.

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REASONS FOR SETTLING OLD SCORES

• Moral insanity
• Lackness of moral maturity
• Lackness of personal maturity
• Lackness of sublime sentiments such as love,
  forgiveness, mercy, clemency

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WHAT WILL HAPPEN THEN?

• The challenge will go on until one party cowers
  because of anxiety or pain
• The possibility for an efficient negotiation for
  the parties will end and decline to zero
• The challenge will set a barrier to common
  agreement

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PLEASE

• THINK TWICE OR MORE WHEN AVENGING!
• Be Constructive, Not Destructive!

KAAN GÜRBÜZ