Arch 330

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Arch 330 Thermal Moisture Protection Roofing
Systems
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Roofing Systems

• 073000 Steep Slope Roofing
• Shingles and Shakes
• Roof Tiles
• Natural Roof Coverings
• 074000 Roofing and Siding Panels
• Roof and Wall Panels
• Siding
• 075000 Membrane Roofing
• 076000 Flashing Sheet Metal
• 077000 Roof and Wall Specialties and Accessories

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Division 7

• 078000 Fire and Smoke Protection
• 079000 Joint Protection
• Joint Sealants and Expansion Control

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Low Slope - Disadvantages

• water drains slowly
• standing water can cause deterioration
• structural movement - tear the membrane.

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Low Slope - Advantages

• can cover building of any horz. dimension
• can serve as
• balconies, decks, patios, landscaped gardens.

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Item Spotted Flat roof Observations This is
not a good roof design for wet climates. There is
constantly puddles of water on the top of this
roof. Location PEB, WSU Campus

• Name Kallen Hawthorne ID 10596914

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Steep Slope

• drains quickly
• can be covered with roofing material of small
  overlapping units
• - shingles of wood
• - slate
• - artificial composition
• - tiles of fired clay or concrete
• - bundles of reeds (thatch).

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Steep Slope

• Thermal expansion / contraction minimized
• Movement in structure is minimized
• - by the ability of small units to move with -
  respect to one another.
• Water vapor vents from the interior through the
  loose joints in the roofing material.

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Item Spotted A combination of a flat and gamble
roof Observations This building has a very
interesting skyline because of the combination
roof. However if one was to look closely at the
picture, one con see puddles of standing water.
Location Smith Gym, WSU Campus

• Name Kallen Hawthorne ID 10596914

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LOW SLOPE ROOF(not FLAT) lt 312 pitch

• Min Slope  
• 1/8 per 1-0 or 1100
• 1/4 per 1-0 or 150

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Low lt 312 pitch
3
1/4

• 12

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Roof Slope

• Slope Roof to direct water towards drainage
  points
• - counter-acting structural deflection.
• Depending on size of deck expansion joints should
  be provided to
• - control expansion and contraction and
• - satisfy requirements of membrane.
• Membrane should be laid on flat surface.

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FLAT ROOF - COMPONENTS 

• DECK
• THERMAL INSULATION
• VAPOR RETARDER
• MEMBRANE
• FLASHINGS
• DRAINAGE COMPONENTS

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DeckTypes of structural deck used for low slope
roof

• Plywood over wood joists
• Solid wood decking over heavy timber framing
• Corrugated steel decking
• Panels of wood fiber bonded together with
  portland cement
• Poured gypsum over insulating formboard
• Sitecast concrete and precast concrete

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• Insulating Deck Boards wood/glass fibers
• Truss Tee Purlins slab of gypsum/lt wt conc

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Thermal Insulation

• Below the Deck
• Between Deck Membrane
• Above the Membrane

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Thermal Insulation Below the Deck

• Leaves the deck and membrane exposed to full
  range of temperature.
• Batt insulation of glass fiber or mineral fiber
  between wood joists
• - or on top of a suspended ceiling assembly.
• Vapor retarder below insulation
• (Vapor retarder on warm side of insulation)

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Insulation Between Deck and Membrane

• Rigid panels of insulation, light weight
  concrete.
• Protects deck from temperature extremes.
• Membrane subjected to extreme temperature
  variations.
• Moisture trapped in insulation can damage
  insulation and deck.
• Place vapor retarded on inside of insulation and
  vent insulation to release moisture.

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Insulation Above the Membrane

• Membrane protected - extremes of temperature.
• Membrane on warm side of insulation - immune to
  vapor blistering.
• Insulation must be a material which is not
  effected by wet and will not disintegrate -
  extruded polystyrene board
• Insulation board adhered in bed of hot asphalt or
  laid loose.
• Layer of ballast laid over insulation.

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Insulation Above the Membrane

• Ballast
• - crushed stone
• - thin concrete layer factory laminated to upper
  surface of
  insulation board
• - interlocking concrete blocks.
• Membrane ages little protected from sunlight and
  temperature extremes - despite presence of
  moisture.
• Rigid insulation - mechanical fix to deck
  preferable.

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Insulation above the Membrane Other names for
this system

• Inverted roof
• Upside down roof
• Protected membrane roof,
• - 20years old

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Vapor Retarder

• 2 sheets asphalt saturated roofing felt
• In cold climate on warm side of insulation.
• In hot humid climate/with air conditioning - on
  outer side of insulation

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Membrane

• Built up roof membrane
• Single-ply roof membrane
• Fluid-applied roof membrane

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Built-up membrane

• 2-4 Layers/ plies of felt
• asphalt impregnated, bedded in bitumen
• felt cellulose fibers/glass fibers asphalt
• Felt laminated in overlapping layers
• Layer of aggregate (crushed stone)

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Built-Up Membrane

• Bitumen - asphalt derived
• For low pitch roofs - coal tar bitumen or
  coal-tar pitch used-
• - greater resistance to standing water
• Asphalt and coal tar are applied hot

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• Aggregate
• Insulation
• Felt
• Conc. Deck
• Aggregate
• Felt
• Insulation x 2
• Metal Deck

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• 4 ply felt hot asphalt

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Single Ply Roof membrane

• Single layer
• More elastic - less cracking/tearing
• Fixing adhesives, ballast, concealed fasteners,
  mechanical fasteners.
• Protective coating

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Single Ply Roof Membrane

• EPDM , synthetic rubber
• (ethylene propylene diene monomer) 
• NEOPRENE (polychloroprene)
• synthetic rubber compound 
• PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
• vinyl - thermoplastic compound

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• Single-Ply Membrane

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• Aluminum Faced
• Single-Ply Membrane

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Fluid Applied Membrane

• domes, vaults, complex shapes
• roller or spray gun, applied
• several coats - rubbery membrane.

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Built-Up Single PlyBallast

• loose stone aggregate
• precast concrete blocks.
• Ballast holds the membrane in place against wind
  uplift
• Protects membrane from ultraviolet light and
  physical wear.
• Increase the fire resistance of the roof
  covering.

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Traffic Decks-walks, terraces, parking on low
slope roof

• Heavy square paving slabs or stones open joints
• on blocks of plastic or conc on roof membrane
• (b) Open Jointed Paving Blocks on A drainage
  layer of gravel or porous concrete leveled over
  the membrane
• Water falls through the joints and is drained
  away by the membrane below
• Membrane is not pierced.

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Structural Standing Seam Metal Roofing for Low
Slope Roofs

• Proprietary systems of standing seam metal
  roofing
• Used as low slope roofs - 1/4" in 12 "(148).
• The folded shape - stiffness - support itself
  a normal snow load between purlins without the
  need for structural deck below.

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• Mechanical Fix
• Through Insulation to Deck below

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• Hot Application of Layers

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• Stone ballast on Insulation on Membrane

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• Mechanical Fix

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Steep Slope gt312 pitch
11.25º
3

• 12

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Steep Slope gt312 pitch

• Drains quickly,
• Small overlapping units - Shingles
• Expansion and contraction and movement
• Water vapor vents

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Steep Slope Roof Systems3 Categories of
Covering

• Thatch
• Shingles wood, asphalt, slate, clay/conc
• Sheet Metal lead, copper, terne, aluminum

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Steep Sloped Roof Systems

• Typically insulation and vapor retarder installed
  below the roof sheeting or deck.
• Underside of deck is exposed as a finished
  surface
• - vapor retarder and rigid insulation above the
  deck below roofing layer of plywood (nailed over
  the insulation panels as a nail base for
  fastening shingles or sheet metal).

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Insulation
Steep Sloped Roof Typically insulation and vapor
retarder installed below the roof sheeting or
deck.
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Insulation
Steep Sloped Roof Underside of deck is exposed as
a finished surface
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Flashing _at_ all junctions
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Thatch

• Bundles of reeds, grasses or leaves,
• Labor intensive
• Highly insulative
• Attractive
• Codes limit its use
• Not fire resistant

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Shingles

• Small size unit, applied to roof in overlapping
  layers - staggered vertical joints
• wood shingles/ shakes
• asphalt shingles
• slates
• clay tiles and concrete tiles.
• PV photovoltaic

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Shingles

• Each type of shingle, slate or tile must be laid
  on a roof deck - that slopes sufficiently to
  assure leak-proof performance.
• Min. slope for each material are specified by the
  manufacturer and code

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Wood Shingles

• Thin, tapered slabs of wood, SAWED from short
  pieces of tree trunk
• Grain parallel to the face of the shingle.

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Wood Shakes

• Split not sawn
• Rough face texture,
• North US - wood shingles/ shakes are Red cedar,
  White cedar,
• Redwood - natural decay resistance.
• Wood roof covering moderately expensive, not
  highly resistant to fire unless pressure treated
  with fire retardant chemicals.

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Asphalt Shingles

• Asphalt impregnated felt - faced with mineral
  granules.
• Die cut from sheet, typical size 12" x 36".
• Slotted twice - smaller unit.
• Inexpensive, quick to install, moderately fire
  resistant.
• Expected life time of 15 to 25 years.
• Laid on asphalt saturated felt paper in two
  layers.

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Slate

• Split, trimmed to size and punched or drilled for
  nailing.
• Fire resistant,
• long lasting,
• relatively expensive,
• laid in over lapping layers.

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Tiles Clay, Concrete

• Glazed and unglazed
• Concrete less expensive than clay roof tile.
• Typically heavy
• Durable
• Highly resistant to fire
• Expensive in first cost

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Architectural Sheet Metal Roofing

• Relatively high in first cost
• Last for many decades.
• Galvanic action should be avoided in the roof
  installation.
• Beware of water run-off also re galvanic action
  from one metal to another.

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• Seaside, Gulf Coast The Truman Show

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• Strawbale, Potlatch, Idaho

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Lead, Copper Sheet

• Used since ancient times.
• Self-protecting metal - last many decades.
• Installed in sheets using systems of joining and
  fastening
• Maintain water tightness at the seams.
• Seams especially standing batten seams create a
  strong visual pattern.

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Lead, Copper Sheet

• Lead oxidizes to a white color.
• Copper turns blue-green in clear air, black in an
  industrial atmosphere.
• Chemical treatments and coatings can be applied
  to preserve a desired color.

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Other Sheet Metals

• Aluminum,
• Zinc Alloys,
• Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Roofing
• Can be used in same way as copper, lead and terne

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