Vaccination

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Vaccination
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Learning Objectives

• 3.1.7 Vaccination and monoclonal antibodies
• To understand the use of vaccines to protect
  against disease
• To understand the role of memory cells and
  plasma cells in secondary response

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The Speckled Monster
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Edward Jenner

• 1796 experimented on eight-year-old James Phipps.
  
• Pus from cowpox pustule into arm
• folklore - milkmaids who suffered the mild
  disease of cowpox never contracted smallpox
• Submitted paper to the Royal Society in 1797 but
  was told that his ideas were too revolutionary
  and that he needed more proof.
• Jenner experimented on several other children,
  including his own 11-month-old son.
• In 1798 the results were finally published and
  Jenner coined the word vaccine from the Latin
  'vacca' for cow.

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Acquired Immunity
Artificially acquired
Naturally acquired
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Acquired Immunity
Artificially acquired
Naturally acquired
Active

• Antigens enter body naturally
• Antibodies specialised lymphocytes produced

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Acquired Immunity
Artificially acquired
Naturally acquired
Active
Passive

• Antibodies pass from mother to foetus
• Infant does not produce any antibodies of its own

• Antigens enter body naturally
• Antibodies specialised lymphocytes produced

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Acquired Immunity
Artificially acquired
Naturally acquired
Active
Active
Passive

• Antibodies pass from mother to foetus
• Infant does not produce any antibodies of its own

• Antigens enter body naturally
• Antibodies specialised lymphocytes produced

• Antigens are introduced in vaccines
• Antibodies specialised lymphocytes produced

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Acquired Immunity
Artificially acquired
Naturally acquired
Active
Active
Passive
Passive

• Antibodies pass from mother to foetus
• Infant does not produce any antibodies of its own

• Antibodies are introduced in an immune serum
• Body does not produce any antibodies of its own

• Antigens enter body naturally
• Antibodies specialised lymphocytes produced

• Antigens are introduced in vaccines
• Antibodies specialised lymphocytes produced

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Herd Immunity

• Members of a community who are not immune to a
  disease are still protected, provided sufficient
  numbers of people in that community are immune
• Little opportunity to spread and find a
  non-immune person
• Only applies to diseases that are caught from
  other people

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Outbreak Film Synopsis

• Put the following steps into the correct
  sequence
• Pet store owner kisses girlfriend
• Motaba virus discovered in Africa
• Lab technician breaks vial of infected blood
  sample is infected
• Two people die
• Monkey is shipped to U.S from Africa in illegal
  pet trade
• Pet store owner is scratched by monkey
• Lab technican coughs at the cinema lots
  infected die
• Infected blood of two dead people is tested
• Create anti-serum with monkeys antibodies
  mystery serum just in time before the town is
  destroyed by the military in an attempt to
  contain the virus
• Locate monkey and give mystery serum. Monkey
  recovers, people do not.

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Smallpox a bioweapon?

• Only two stockpiles of the virus remain
• America
• Russia
• Guarded more closely than a nuclear weapon
• WHO announced that smallpox was eradicated from
  the world in 1980
• Immunisation programme stopped http//uk.youtube.c
  om/watch?vnP_FnJROFqs

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Activity

• Imagine if there was a smallpox outbreak
• Either
• Write a descriptive piece on what you would
  see/hear/etc
• Write a newspaper article on the outbreak
• Write a synopsis of a film charting the events of
  the outbreak