SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 13

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SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 13

• REFORMATION AND RELIGIOUS WARFARE IN THE 16TH
  CENTURY

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PRELUDE TO REFORMATION

• The second half of the 15th century
• Italian Renaissance humanism spreads to N. Europe
• Northern Humanism Christian Humanism
• Goal of N. Humanism reform Christianity

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CHRISTIAN OR NORTHERN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM

• Both Italian and N. Humanists focused on the
  study of the classics
• Ancient Greek and Latin texts
• Return to the writings of antiquity

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NORTHERN HUMANISTS

1. Study the sources and writings of early
   Christianity
2. Study the writings of church fathers
3. Early Christianity was a simple religion
4. Human beings can reason and improve themselves
5. Education and study of early church writings
   could reform the church and society
6. Support for schools
7. Work on new editions and translations of the
   classics, the bible, and writings of church
   founders
8. Education improved people improved society

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ERASMUS

• most influential of the N. Humanists
• Born in Holland called Erasmus of Rotterdam
• Reform program of Christian Humanism
• the philosophy of Christ Christianity should
  guide our daily life, not only be a system of
  beliefs and practices
• Emphasized inner piety
• De-emphasized external forms of religion
• Prepared new and accurate text of the bible
• The Praise of Folly
• 1. written in 1511
• 2. humorously criticized corruption of society
• 3. criticized abuses in the church

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Desiderius Erasmus
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• ERASMUS LAID THE EGG THAT LUTHER HATCHED

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THOMAS MORE

• trained in the law
• Interested in the new classical learning gt
  studied Greek and Latin
• Put his learning into service to the state -gt
  govt official/lord chancellor
• religiously devoted/believed in the universal
  Catholic Church
• Refused to go along with Henry VIIIs break with
  the Catholic Church
• Executed for treason for not cooperating with the
  kings break with Catholicism

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• THOMAS MORE
• I die the king's faithful servant, but God's
  first.Thomas More

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UTOPIA

1. Written in 1516
2. The word utopia nowhere
3. An imaginary perfect society on an island near
   the new world
4. Cooperation and reason replace power and fame as
   motivators
5. All people work the same amount and receive the
   same
6. Wholesome, enriching, and orderly world will
   create good people

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CHURCH AND RELIGION ON THE EVE OF THE REFORMATION

• Why did people want to reform the Catholic Church
  
• failure of the renaissance papacy to provide
  spiritual leadership
• popes too concerned with wealth and art
• Popes too concerned with worldly power and
  politics
• Popes too concerned with sensuality and
  debauchery
• Popes and church too concerned with money and
  finances
• Simony
• Pluralism
• Absenteeism
• Clerical immorality
• Clerical ignorance

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FAILURE OF THE CHURCH TO MEET SPIRITUAL NEEDS
LEADS TO -

• Mechanical/external approach to salvation
• veneration of relics
• buying indulgences
• The Modern Devotion movement
• popular mystical movement
• following the teaching of Jesus