Title: Building Hydrologic Information Systems
1Building Hydrologic Information Systems
- David R. Maidment
- Center for Research in Water Resources
- University of Texas at Austin
Modeling
2Hydrologic Information System
A combination of geospatial and temporal
hydrologic information which supports analysis,
modeling and decision making
3Streamflow Information in Space and Time
Future Possibilities
Current
Time
Real Time data
Historical daily mean discharge
Streamstats
Streamflow statistics
At Gages
Anywhere on a Stream
Space
4GIS data layers for Water Resources
5Arc Hydro GIS for Water Resources
- Arc Hydro
- An ArcGIS data model for water resources
- Arc Hydro toolset for implementation
- Framework for linking hydrologic simulation models
The Arc Hydro data model and application tools
are in the public domain
6GIS in Water Resources Discipline
Follow a drop of water from where it falls on
the land, to the stream, and all the way to the
ocean. R.M. Hirsch, USGS
7GIS in Water Resources Consortium
Water Resources
- Bringing together these two communities by using
a common geospatial data model
8Arc Hydro Hydrography
9Arc Hydro Hydrology
10Arc Hydro Framework Input Data
Watersheds
Waterbody
Streams
Hydro Points
11Arc Hydro Framework Data Model
12Arc Hydro Framework For South Florida
Basins
Waterbody (NHD)
Hydro Points
National Hydrography Dataset, NHD
13Arc Hydro Components
14GIS Preprocessors for Hydrologic Models
Interface
GIS
Model 1
Database
Model 2
Model 3
15Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models
Interfacedata models
GIS
HMS
Geo Database
Arc Hydro data model
RAS
WRAP
16Regional Storm Water Modeling Program and Master
Plan for San Antonio
City of San Antonio
17San Antonio Regional Watershed Modeling System
Geospatial Data City, County SARA, other
Bring the models together
Modeling System
Rainfall Data Rain gages Nexrad
Calibration Data Flows Water Quality
Floodplain Management
Capital Improvement Planning
Water quality planning
Integrated Regional Water Resources planning
Flood Forecasting
18Regional Watershed Modeling System Case Study
Salado Creek watershed
Components
- Arc Hydro Geodatabase
- for whole watershed
- HEC-HMS hydrology model
- for whole watershed
- HEC-RAS hydraulic model
- for Rosillo Creek
Bexar County
Rosillo Creekwatershed
19Arc Hydro and HEC-HMS
HEC-HMS Hydrologic Model
Arc Hydro Schematic Network
Calculates Flows
20Arc Hydro and HEC-RAS
HEC-RAS Hydraulic Model
Calculates Water Surface Elevations
Arc Hydro Channel Cross Sections
21Flow Change Points
Models communicate with one another through Arc
Hydro at designated points
22Nexrad Map to Flood Map in Arc 9 Model Builder
Flood map as output
Model for flood flow
HMS
Model for flood depth
Nexrad rainfall map as input
23Fecal Coliform in Galveston Bay(Monthly data,
1995-2001)
Coliform Units per 100 ml
Tracking Analyst Demo
24Demos of Model Builder and Tracking Analyst
25Water Availability
- 1996 Texas drought
- Governor Bush asks how much water do we have?
How much are we using? How much do we need? --
Ooops. No good answers! - 1997 Senate Bill 1 passed by Legislature
- Regionalizes water planning in Texas and
establishes surface water availability modeling - 2001 Senate Bill 2 passed by Legislature
- Establishes groundwater availability modeling and
initiates instream flow assessment
26Improvements from Senate Bill 1Water Modeling
and Planning
- Before Senate Bill 1, water planning was done
state-wide by TWDB - SB1 established 14 water planning regional
groups, who are now responsible for planning
water supply in their area
Water Availability Modeling (TNRCC)
27Improvements from Senate Bill 1Digital Map of
Texas 100K ? 24K
1 Quadrangles 1100,000 scale Approx. 100 maps
cover Texas
1
7.5' Quadrangles 124,000 scale 4400 maps cover
Texas
28Improvements from Senate Bill 1 Water
Availability Modeling
Sulphur
Brazos
Trinity
8000 water right locations
Colorado
23 main river basins
Rio Grande
City of Austin
Nueces
Inform every permit holder of the degree of
reliability of their withdrawal during drought
conditions (TCEQ)
29CRWR Mission for Senate Bill 1
- CRWR (UT Austin) aids in the response to Senate
Bill 1 by providing to TNRCC watershed parameters
defined from geospatial data for each water right
location - These data are input by TCEQ contractors to a
Water Rights Assessment Package (developed at
TAMU) which determines the chance that the
water will actually be available at that location - TCEQ sends the owner of the water right a letter
specifying the availability of water
30Water Rights in the Sulphur Basin
Water right location Stream gage location
Drainage areas delineated from Digital Elevation
Models are used to estimate flow at water right
locations based on flow at stream gage locations
31Digital Elevation Model
75
77
79
85
92
32Topographic Map of West Austin124,000 scale
Hog Pen Ck
4 km
4 km
33Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
720
720
Contours
740
720
700
680
680
700
720
740
34Austin West 30 Meter DEM
35(No Transcript)
36Eight Direction Pour Point Model
Water flows in the direction of steepest descent
37Flow Direction Grid
38Cell to Cell Grid Network Through the Landscape
39Streams and Watersheds Defined from the DEM
40Comparison of Drainage Areas
DEM
Difference is 0.5
USGS
41Watershed Properties Averaged over the Drainage
Area
Property grid (CN or Precipitation)
Drainage Areas
42Connectivity of the Control Points
Neches Basin
This flow order is used in the Water Rights
Analysis Package
43Data Products
GIS coverages for determining watershed
parameters
Watershed parameters as input for WRAP model
Analysis completed for more than 10,000 locations
in all river basins of Texas
44Improvements from Senate Bill 2Instream Flow
requirements
- Requires TPWD, TWDB, TCEQ to develop procedures
for defining instream flow requirements - Implemented on priority study regions by 2010
- Based on fish habitat analysis
Trinity
Brazos
Sabine
Guadalupe
San Antonio
Priority Study Regions
45 Process Flowchart
46Study Area (Guadalupe river near Seguin, TX)
1/2 meter Digital Ortho Photography
47Depth Sounder (Echo Sounder)
The electronic depth sounder operates in a
similar way to radar It sends out an electronic
pulse which echoes back from the bed. The echo is
timed electronically and transposed into a
reading of the depth of water.
48Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
Provides full profiles of water current speed and
direction in the ocean, rivers, and lakes. Also
used for discharge, scour and river bed
topography.
49Measurement System
GPS Antenna
Computer and power setup
Depth Sounder
50Channel Bed Soundings
51Bathymetry from Side-Scanning Sonar
Channel demo
52Streamflow Information in Space and Time
Future Possibilities
Current
Time
Real Time data
Historical daily mean discharge
Streamstats
Streamflow statistics
At Gages
Anywhere on a Stream
Space
53NSIP Sites
54NSIP River Basin Outflow Sites
- Metric Operate streamgaging stations near the
terminus of each of the 352 Hydrologic Accounting
Units
Coverage Model Sites associated with drainage
areas
55Guadalupe basin
The river network contains gages (As hydro
junctions) and junctions which are not gaged
(Network Junctions)
29 USGS gages in the database collecting
information between 1905 and 2000
56How does the model work? Step 1
Select a location for predicting discharge
Junction 161 (ungaged location) is selected for
interpolation
57How does the model work? Step 2
Trace downstream to find the next down stream gage
Trace downstream from junction 161
58Geospatial Interpolation of Streamflow
Upstream Location
Downstream Gage