Chapter 7 West Virginia

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Chapter 7 West Virginias First People

• Review

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the beliefs, customs, and civilization of a
particular people or group
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culture
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before written history
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prehistory
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What three cultures are included as prehistoric
cultures?

• Paleo
• Archaic
• Early and Middle Woodland

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earliest primitive hunters
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Paleo Indians
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used to throw spears with more force
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atlatl
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studies the origin, development, customs, and
beliefs of humans
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anthropologist
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most lasting remains of the Adena
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Earthen mounds and walls
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Institute Mound Kanawha County
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items such as bits of stone, bone, pottery,
tools, cave paintings, andweavings that are left
behind by people

• artifacts

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In WV, where are the majority of the mounds
located?
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Ohio, Kanawha, Potomac River Valleys
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largest mound east of the Mississippi River
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Grave Creek Mound, Moundsville, Marshall County
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Grave Creek Mound Marshall County
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second largest mound in WV
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Creil Mound, South Charleston, Kanawha County
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South Charleston Mound Kanawha County
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needed to construct the mounds with such accuracy
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Knowledge of mathematics
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Why bury their dead in vault ?
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They believed in the after life
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found on Mount Carbon in Fayette
county
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Long Walls
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Walls in Tyler County
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Ben's Run
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Woodland Indians changed from hunting and
gathering to -
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agriculture - farming
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What kind of crops did they grow?
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corn, beans, squash
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Woodland shelters
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Wigwams
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Longhouses
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two methods of making fire
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friction and spark
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clearings made by burning off the ground cover
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Old Fields
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Indians only domesticated animal
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dog
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Indians main of means transportation
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canoe
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Indian method of education
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learn by doing, skills that were necessary for
their way of life
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Method of appreciation of their heritage
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free verse poetry
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What three reasons are given for the Indians
migration?

1. Famine
2. Disease
3. Driven out by Iroquois

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disease devastating to the Indians
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smallpox
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What Indian tribes made up the Iroquois Nation?
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Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk, Seneca, later
Tuscarora
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What tribes were forced west of the Ohio River by
the Iroquois?
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Shawnee, Mingo, Delaware
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What the area that is WV become when the Indian
tribes no longer lived here
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hunting and fishing ground
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study what people leave behind
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archaeologist
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strip of land that at one time joined together NA
and Asia
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Bering Strait
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Studies origin, history, structure of earth
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geologist
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wanderer
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nomads
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Values or traditions handed down from previous
generations
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heritage
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Moving from one area to another
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migration
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Shortage of food
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famine
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Natural resistance to disease
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immunity
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Powerful union of tribes
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Iroquois
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Middle era of Woodland Culture
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Hopewell
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Early period of Woodland Culture
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Adena
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Culture that followed the Paleo Indians,
gatherers, not only hunters
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Archaic
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Long walls in Fayette County
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Mount Carbon
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Compare the size of Grave Creek and Creil Mounds
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Grave Creek is twice as big
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Found inside themounds
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Found in mounds

• Chambers
• Shell beads
• Skeletons
• Mica
• Copper bracelets

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Conclusions from what was found in mounds
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Conclusions

• Life after death
• Contact with others
• Form of government
• Leadership
• Craftsmen

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Theory on the purpose of the long walls
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Defense Worship
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Purpose of Indian celebrations
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Religious(thanked Gods)
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Earliest WV culture that we have much information
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Adena-Hopewell
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Place of the foot
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Allegheny
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Place of white stone
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Kanawha
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Narrow bottomed river
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Guyandotte
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River of plenty fat doe
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Pocatalico
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White foaming river
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Ohio
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Endless mountain range
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Appalachian
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Daughter of the stars
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Shenandoah
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River of fat elk
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Elk orTiskelwah
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County named for Chief
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Logan
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County named for Indian Princess
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Pocahontas
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County named for Indian Tribe
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Mingo
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Once great Indian Town
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Buffalo Village
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Identify the Indian Culture associated with the
following items
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7-foot skeleton

• Early/Middle Woodland

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Atlatl

• Archaic

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Clovis Point

• Paleo

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Farming

• Early/Middle Woodland

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Folsom point

• Archaic

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fruits and nuts

• Archaic

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gatherers

• Archaic

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hunters

• Paleo

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mounds

• Early/Middle Woodland

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wooly mammoth

• Paleo

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woven nets

• Archaic

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Wigwams

• Early/Middle Woodland