Salon Fundamentals Cosmetology

1
Chapter 4
Electricity
2
Chapter 4 Tour Electricity
3
Principles of Electricity
Vocabulary of Electricity
Principles of Electricity
Electric Current
1
Safety Measures
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
4
Where were you when the lights went out?
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
5
Vocabulary of Electricity
Click on a card to view the definition of a key
term. Click on a definition to reveal the key
term.
6
Vocabulary of Electricity
Click on a card to view the definition of a key
term. Click on a definition to reveal the key
term.
7
Vocabulary of Electricity
Click on a card to view the definition of a key
term. Click on a definition to reveal the key
term.
8
Vocabulary of Electricity
Insulator
Conductor
wood
silver
Material that does not allow a current to pass
through it
Material that best transports electricity
plastic
copper
graphite
rubber
carbon
alcohol
pure distilled water
water-containing ions
In a salon, most currents are carried by cords
which are copper wire (conductors) insulated by
varying amounts of rubber.
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
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Vocabulary of Electricity
Cords on appliances should be kept straight and
free of knots, kinks and tangles to prevent
breaks.
Warning!
A break in any electrical cord can put you or
your client in contact with an active current,
causing electrical shock.
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
10
Vocabulary of Electricity


AMP
VOLT
OHM
WATT
HERTZ

• Strength
• Power box to house supplies amps
• Conductors carry limited number of amps
• Amp rating is the number of electrons flowing on
  a line

• Pressure
• Measures how hard electrons are pushed by the
  source
• 110/220 volts
• 220 volt has V prongs on plug
• Large motors need 220 volts

• Resistance
• Impedance
• Measures how difficult it is to push electrons
  through a conductor
• OHMs rating resistance to the motion of
  electrons in a conductor

• Amount Used
• 1 watt small amount of energy
• Blow dryer 1000 watts per second
• 1000 watts one kilowatt

• Frequency
• Hertz Hz
• Number of cycles, per second, a generator
  alternates the current from the source
• 1 hertz one cycle/second

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
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Vocabulary of Electricity
Beyond the Book
The flow of electricity in a human produces
violent muscle contractions that prevent the
person from letting go.
Receiving a shock may cause the heart to lose
its coordination or rhythm.
http//www.jlab.org
12
Electric Current

• Two Forms
• Direct Current (DC)
• Electrons move at an even rate in only one
  direction
• Alternating Current (AC)
• Electrons flow first in one direction and then
  the other

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
13
Electric Current

• Special Instruments
• Converter
• Changes direct current to alternating current
• Rectifier
• Changes alternating current to direct
  current

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
14
Electric Current
Sources of Electric Current
Generator
Battery

• Has a positive () and a negative (-) terminal
• Produces direct current only
• Electrons flow toward positive terminal in a
  circuit

• Produces alternating current
• Power source most often used in salons
• Uses mechanical energy to produce flow of
  electrons

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
15
Electric Current
How Electric Current is Produced
Two conditions necessary for an electric current

• Source
• Generator producing alternating current
• Battery producing direct current
• Circuit
• Closed path through which electrons travel

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
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Electric Current
How Electric Current is Produced Electron Flow
Closed
Open

• Electrons leave the source and operate an
  appliance
• Switch is on

• Broken path of electron flow
• Switch is off

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
17
Electric Current
How Electric Current is Produced

• Parallel Wiring
• Powers several loads at once or at different
  times
• Install only parallel wiring in a salon
• Series Wiring
• Runs all loads at the same time
• Circuit travels from one load to the next
• Example would be Christmas lights

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
18
Electric Current
Overload and Short Circuit

• Overload
• Too many appliances on one circuit being operated
  at the same time
• More current flows than the line is designed to
  carry
• Takes 1 amp on the circuit to operate every 100
  watts of an appliance
• 1,000 watt blow dryer needs a 10-amp circuit
• Risk of fire occurs when an extension cord with
  multiple plugs attaches 4 or 5 appliances to one
  wall socket

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
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Electric Current
Overload and Short Circuit

• Short Circuit
• A foreign conductor comes in contact with wire
  carrying current to a load
• Commonly occurs in thermal styling tools due to
  twisting and bending of cords
• Example dropping a blow dryer in water

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
20
Electric Current
Beyond the Book
Thomas Edison invented the first commercially
practical incandescent electric lamp. The lamp
itself was perfected on October 21, 1879 which
put into circuit the first bulb embodying the
principles known as the "Edison modern
incandescent lamp." This bulb maintained its
incandescence for over 40 hours.
http//www.thomasedison.com/Inventions.htm
21
Safety Measures
Fuse
Device containing a fine metal wire that allows
current to flow through it

• Connected directly to the circuits in the power
  box
• Wire melts to break current if overload occurs
• CANNOT be reused

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
22
Safety Measures
Circuit Breaker
Reusable device that breaks the flow of current
when an overload occurs

• Connects directly to the circuits in the power
  box
• Contains two pieces of metal that make contact
  with each other
• Separates the pieces to break the circuit if the
  flow of current is too high

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
23
Safety Measures
Grounding Wire
Designed to protect you when operating certain
kinds of appliances

• 3-wire system
• Special wire prevents excess flow of current from
  going to user
• Any appliance requiring this protection has a
  three-prong plug

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
24
Safety Measures
Shock
If a person comes in contact with electric
current
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
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Safety Measures

• Local Shock

• Immerse burn in cold water immediately wait
  until the burn is completely cold and swelling
  has stopped
• Blot dry and apply an antiseptic cream
• Take person to the hospital if burn is severe

Procedure
Passes through asmall part of the body
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
26
Safety Measures
General Shock
Procedures
Passes through the entire body

1. Break the circuit before touching person
2. Dial 911
3. Start CPR continue until emergency team arrives

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
27
Safety Measures

• Emergency Procedures for Electrical Fires
• Remember DO NOT PUT WATER ON IT
• Turn off the circuit
• Smother the fire with rug, towel, powder, or a
  fire extinguisher

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
28
Safety Measures
Beyond the Book
Some common electrical terms were named after
people.
Mary Louise Amp
James Watt
Myron Volt
Bob Transformer
29
Principles of Electricity Self-Check

• On a sheet of paper numbered 1-8, answer the
  following questions.
• Materials that best transport electricity
  are called conductors.
• Materials that DO NOT allow a current to pass
  through them are called prisms.

True or False
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
30
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
True or False

1. The unit of electric strength is called an amp.
   
2. The unit of electric pressure is called an ohm.

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
31
Principles of Electricity Self-Check

• The two forms of electrical current are
• AC and DC
• AD and BC
• AB and CD
• hot and cold
• The name for the measure of how much
  electrical energy is being used is called
  ___________.

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
32
Principles of Electricity Self-Check

• What type of shock passes through the nervous
  system?
• local
• direct
• indirect
• general
• A shock that passes through a small part of
  the body is called a _________________.

Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
33
Know Chart

• As you correct your answers, evaluate your
  progress. Create a Know Chart with 2 columns.
  Place correct answers from the Self-Check under
  the I Know column. Then place incorrect
  answers under the I Need to Study column.

KNOW
CHART
I Need to Study
I Know
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
34
Principles of Electricity Self-Check

• Now check your work.
• Materials that best transport electricity are
  called conductors.

True or False
Observe each of the False statements become True.
True
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
35
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
True or False

1. Materials that DO NOT allow a current to pass
   through are called prisms.

Insulators are materials that DO NOT allow
currents to pass through them.
False
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
36
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
True or False

1. The unit of electric strength is called an amp.

True
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
37
Principles of Electricity Self-Check
True or False

1. The unit of electric pressure is called an ohm.

A volt is a unit of electric pressure. An ohm is
a unit of electric resistance.
False
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
38
Principles of Electricity Self-Check

• The two forms of electrical current are
• AC and DC
• AD and BC
• AB and CD
• hot and cold
• The name for the measure of how much
  electrical energy is being used is called
  ___________.

watt
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
39
Principles of Electricity Self-Check

• What type of shock passes through the nervous
  system?
• local
• direct
• indirect
• general
• A shock that passes through a small part of
  the body is called a _________________.

local shock
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
40

Lessons Learned

• Vocabulary of Electricity
• Electricity is a form of energy that produces
  light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes
• Electric current is the movement of electricity
  along a path called a conductor
• Load is the technical name of any electrically
  powered appliance
• Conductor is a material that allows electricity
  to flow through it easily

?
?
?
?
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
41

Lessons Learned

• Vocabulary of Electricity
• Insulator is material that does not allow the
  flow of electric current
• Amp is a unit of electric strength
• Volt is a unit of electric pressure
• Ohm is a unit of electric resistance
• Watt is a measure of how much electrical energy
  is being used

?
?
?
?
?
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
42

Lessons Learned

• Safety Measures
• Safety devices are installed in many appliances
  and buildings because of the possibility of
  overloads and short circuits
• Electrotherapy
• Electrotherapy is the application of electrical
  currents during treatments to skin

?
?
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
43
ITS 2 U!
Make a diagram showing the flow of electrons
from a source to an electric appliance commonly
used in the salon.
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
44
Example
ITS 2 U!
Chapter 4.1Electricity Principles of Electricity
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Electricity
Effects of Electric Current
Electrotherapy
Electricity In Cosmetology
2
Light Therapy
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
46
Effects of Electric Current
How is electricity used in the picture below?
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
47
Effects of Electric Current
Click on the card to view the definition of the
key term. Click on the definition to reveal the
key term.
48
Effects of Electric Current
Click on the card to view the definition of the
key term. Click on the definition to reveal the
key term.
49
Effects of Electric Current
Click on the card to view the definition of the
key term. Click on the definition to reveal the
key term.
50
Effects of Electric Current
Click on the card to view the definition of the
key term. Click on the definition to reveal the
key term.
51
Effects of Electric Current
Click on the card to view the definition of the
key term. Click on the definition to reveal the
key term.
52
Effects of Electric Current
Heating
Mechanical or Magnetic
Electrochemical

• More resistance equals more heat
• Heating elements heat up with the flow of current

• Push-pull effect causes motor to turn

• Electric current travels through a water-based
  solution to produce relaxing or stimulating
  effects

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Effects of Electric Current
Beyond the Book
If your hair stands up in a storm, positive
charges are rising through you and reaching
toward the negatively charged part of the
storm. That's not a good sign! Your best bet is
to get yourself indoors immediately.
http//news.nationalgeographic.com
54
Electrotherapy

• Application of special currents (modalities) that
  have certain effects on the skin
• Electrode safe contact point through which
  current can pass to client

ALERT! A person with any potentially restrictive
medical condition should always consult a
physician before receiving electrotherapy
treatment.
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Galvanic Current

• Oldest form of electrotherapy
• Direct current of low voltage and high amperage
• A special appliance is necessary to convert AC to
  DC
• Chemical effects are caused by passing the
  current through acid or alkaline solutions and/or
  by passing current through body tissues and fluids

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Phoresis

• Process of forcing an acid or alkali into the
  skin by applying current to the chemical
• Most typical application of Galvanic current
• Referred to as bleaching the skin

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Anaphoresis

• Uses a negative (-) pole to force alkaline
  solutions into the skin
• Produces alkaline reaction
• Increases blood flow
• Softens tissues
• Stimulates nerves

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Cataphoresis

• Uses a positive () pole to force acidic
  solutions into the skin
• Produces acidic reaction
• Slows blood flow
• Hardens tissues
• Soothes nerves

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Galvanic Current

• Apply active electrode to the client
• Instruct client to hold the inactive electrode
• Wrap both electrodes in moist cotton
• Never use more than one milliampere of current
• Also used for iontophoresis and desincrustation

NEVER use the Galvanic current over an area
having many broken capillaries.
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Faradic Current
Alternating current, interrupted to produce a
mechanical, non-chemical reaction

• Stimulates nerve and muscle tissue
• Improves blood circulation
• Improves muscle tone
• Stimulates hair growth
• Increases glandular activity

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Faradic Current

• Indirect Method
• Most frequently used faradic current application
• Salon professional wears wrist band with
  moistened electrode
• Second electrode is held by client or attached to
  lower neck
• Salon professional places fingers on clients
  face before turning on current to prevent shock
• Facial massage is performed when the current
  reaches desired level

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Faradic Current

• Direct Method
• Place both electrodes on clients skin
• BE CERTAIN THAT THEY NEVER TOUCH
• Turn on current and slowly increase only after
  electrodes are in place
• Current travels through the motor nerves between
  the electrodes, causing muscle stimulation

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Sinusoidal Current
Alternating current with a mechanical effect,
much like the faradic current that produces
muscle contraction

• Use the Indirect Method application only
• Penetrates more deeply
• Provides greater stimulation to treated area
• Should not be used on unhealthy and/or broken skin

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
64
Electrotherapy
Tesla Current
Alternating current that can be adjusted to
different voltages to produce heat

• Known as the violet-ray
• Results in relaxation or stimulation, depending
  on method of application
• Improves blood circulation
• Increases rate of metabolism
• Increases sebaceous glandular activity
• Does not produce muscle contractions

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Tesla Current

• Direct Application
• Apply electrode directly to the clients scalp or
  face
• Indirect Application
• Active electrode is held by client while the
  cosmetologist manually stimulates the area being
  treated
• Turn off current before exchanging electrode with
  client
• General Electrification
• Hand electrode to client before activating
  current
• Switch power on tingling or vibrating
  effect is felt by client

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Tesla Current

• Cosmetology uses include
• Dry skin facial treatment Indirect Application
• Mild acne and/or blackhead facial treatment
  Direct Application
• Dry scalp Indirect Application
• Scalp treatment Direct Application

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Electrotherapy
Precautions

• General
• Always read manufacturers directions and
  follow them carefully
• Electrodes should never touch each other
• Galvanic, Faradic Sinusoidal Current
• Never take current over 1 milliampere
• Make sure current is off before beginning
  indirect application and before breaking contact
  with client
• Sinusoidal treatment should not exceed 30 minutes

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
68
Electrotherapy
Precautions

• Tesla Current
• Begin with mild current, increase slowly
• Keep client out of contact with metal during
  treatment
• Limit treatment duration to approximately 5
  minutes
• If you use cream it should contain NO alcohol
• Turn current on AFTER client is holding electrode
• Turn off current before removing electrode

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
69
Electrotherapy
Heat Energy
Heat always moves from a hotter body to a cooler
body and can be transferred by

• Conduction direct contact
• Convection liquid or gas
• Radiation through a vacuum

Effects of heat

• Mild relaxes muscles, increases blood
  circulation
• Intense destroys cells and tissues
• Pyrolysis is the chemical breakdown of the skin
  caused by intense heat

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
70
Electrotherapy
Beyond the Book
Take a look at some of the first technologies
used by the father of electrical energy, Nikola
Tesla.
http//www.electrotherapymuseum.com
71
Light Therapy
Production of beneficial effects on the body
through treatments using light rays or waves.
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
72
Light Therapy
Electromagnetic radiation is the wave-like
patterns caused by the transfer of heat energy by
radiation.

• Wavelength measurement of waves from crest to
  crest
• Shorter wavelength more energy (x-ray)
• Longer wavelength less energy (heat lamps)
• Electromagnetic spectrum range of all the
  wavelengths produced by radiant energy

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
73
Light Therapy
Visible Light

• Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that
  humans can see
• Waves are either absorbed or reflected
• Reflected waves are interpreted as color

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Light Therapy
Visible Light

• White light combination light that is broken
  into individual wavelengths by a prism
• Visible spectrum
• Longest wavelengths produce red
• Shortest wavelengths produce violet
• Two kinds of salon lights produce white light
• Fluorescent bluer tones or cooler casts
• Incandescent redder tones or warmer casts

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
75
Light Therapy
Invisible Light

• Eighty percent (80) of sunlight is composed of
  invisible rays beyond red (infrared)
• Eight percent (8) of natural sunlight is
  composed of invisible rays beyond violet
  (ultraviolet)

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76
Light Therapy
Infrared Light

• Produces heat
• Exposure times during a facial range from 5 to 15
  minutes
• Place light at least 30 from the clients face
• MUST cover eyes with eye pads or protective eye
  forms

Benefits include

• Increased circulation
• Increased skin gland secretions
• Relaxation of muscles
• Stimulation of cell and tissue activity

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
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Light Therapy
Ultraviolet Light

• Shorter wavelengths - more damaging than infrared
  rays
• Positive effects on the skin
• Small doses tan the skin and aid in production of
  Vitamin D
• Kills bacteria that causes skin infections
  (germicidal)
• Promotes healing and is used in the treatment of
  acne
• Negative effects of overexposure
• Sunburned skin, damaged eyes, photochemically
  damaged hair
• Can result in skin cancer
• Tanning in excess causes dry, leathery skin,
  peeling, itching, wrinkling, sagging and
  permanent discoloration
• ALWAYS wear protective eyewear during UV therapy

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
78
Light Therapy
Beyond the Book
Winter Blues

• Symptoms
• Low energy
• Excessive sleep
• Over-eating
• Weight gain
• Severe depression

• How it works?
• Sends images to the brain
• Eyes tell pineal gland (small pea-sized gland
  located in the brain) when the day is over
• Gland induces drowsiness by secreting melatonin
• Influences moods, hunger and metabolism

• What to do?
• Doctors have learned to treat this seasonal
  depression and jet lag by using a simple device
  called a light box

www.eyesite.ca
79
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check

• On a sheet of paper numbered 1-8, answer the
  following questions.
• Tesla is the direct current used in
  electrotherapy treatments.
• Cataphoresis uses a positive electrode to force
  acidic solutions into the skin without breaking
  the skin.

True or False
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity in Cosmetology
80
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check
True or False

1. Treatment with light rays is called light
   therapy.
2. The chemical breakdown of the skin caused by
   intense heat is called vaporizing.

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
81
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check

• Which type of light can create blue or cool
  tones?
• invisible
• sunlight
• fluorescent
• incandescent
• The average distance you should place an infrared
  lamp during a facial is about ______ inches.

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
82
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check

• Which of the following types of light has the
  shortest wavelength?
• red
• violet
• infrared
• ultraviolet
• Overexposure to what type of light can result in
  skin cancer?
• visible
• ultraviolet
• fluorescent
• incandescent

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
83
Know Chart

• As you correct your answers, evaluate your
  progress. Create a Know Chart with 2 columns.
  Place correct answers from the Self-Check under
  the I Know column. Then place incorrect
  answers under the I Need to Study column.

KNOW
CHART
I Need to Study
I Know
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.8.
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity in Cosmetology
84
Principles of Electricity Self-Check

• Now check your work.
• Tesla is the direct current used in
  electrotherapy treatments.

The direct current used in electrotherapy
treatments is galvanic current.
False
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity in Cosmetology
85
Principles of Electricity Self-Check

• Cataphoresis uses a positive electrode to force
  acidic solutions into the skin without breaking
  the skin.

True or False
True
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity in Cosmetology
86
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check
True or False

1. Treatment with light rays is called light
   therapy.

True
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
87
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check
True or False

• The chemical breakdown of the skin caused by
  intense heat is called vaporizing.

Pyrolysis is the chemical breakdown of the skin
caused by intense heat.
False
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
88
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check

• Which type of light can create blue or cool
  tones?
• invisible
• sunlight
• fluorescent
• incandescent
• The average distance you should place an infrared
  lamp during a facial is about ______ inches.

30
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
89
Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check

• Which of the following types of light has the
  shortest wavelength?
• red
• violet
• infrared
• ultraviolet
• Overexposure to what type of light can result in
  skin cancer?
• visible
• ultraviolet
• fluorescent
• incandescent

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
90

Lessons Learned

• Effects of Electric Current
• Effects of electric current are heating,
  mechanical or magnetic and electrochemical
• Electrotherapy
• Electrotherapy is the application of special
  currents (modalities) that have certain effects
  on the skin

?
?
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
91
Lessons Learned

• Electrotherapy Galvanic Current
• Direct current of low voltage and
  high amperage
• Chemical effects are caused by passing the
  current though particular acid or alkaline
  solutions and/or passing current through body
  tissues and fluids

?
?
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
92

Lessons Learned

• Electrotherapy Faradic Current
• Alternating current, interrupted to produce a
  mechanical, non-chemical reaction
• Stimulates nerve and muscle tissue
• Electrotherapy Sinusoidal Current
• Alternating current with a mechanical effect
• Produces muscle contractions

?
?
?
?
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
93

Lessons Learned

• Electrotherapy Tesla Current
• High frequency current known as violet ray
• Relaxation or stimulation, depending on method of
  application
• Does NOT produce muscle contractions

?
?
?
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
94

Lessons Learned

• Light Therapy
• Production of beneficial effects on the body
  through treatments using light rays or waves
• Visible light is the portion of the
  electromagnetic spectrum that humans see
• The wavelengths that produce red are the longest
  waves of the visible spectrum
• Fluorescent and incandescent light are two kinds
  of light produced in the salon

?
?
?
?
Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
95
ITS 2 U!

• The following sound association activity can be
  used to help remember the differences between the
  types of electrotherapy used in the salon.
• Galvanic current Make a low, steady hum
  sound. This will symbolize a direct current
  flowing in one, constant direction represented by
  the monotony of the low, steady hum.
• Faradic current Make a high-pitched zit, zit
  sound similar to a high-speed drill used by a
  dentist. This is done to represent an
  alternating current which provides minimal
  penetration of the skin.

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
96
ITS 2 U!

• The following sound association activity can be
  used to help remember the differences between the
  types of electrotherapy used in the salon.
• Sinusoidal current Make a low, guttural zoot,
  zoot sound similar to many bull frogs in a
  swamp. This is done to represent an alternating
  current capable of producing deeper penetration
  of the skin.
• Tesla current Blow out through the lips making
  a pluugh sound similar to that of a child
  playing with a car mimicking the car engine.
  Tesla is an alternating current able to cause
  vibration. Feel the vibration of your lips as
  you make the pluugh sound.

Chapter 4.2Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology
97

Electricity Self-Test
On a sheet of paper numbered 1-10, answer the
following questions.

• The movement of electricity along a conductor is
  called
• voltage
• wattage
• conductance
• electric current

Chapter 4Electricity
98

Electricity Self-Test

• Materials such as glass and paper do not allow
  electricity to flow through them and are called
• loads
• insulators
• open circuits
• closed circuits

Chapter 4Electricity
99

Electricity Self-Test

• An ampere is a unit of electric
• pressure
• strength
• resistance
• frequency

Chapter 4Electricity
100

Electricity Self-Test

• A volt is a unit of electric
• pressure
• strength
• resistance
• frequency

Chapter 4Electricity
101

Electricity Self-Test

• A unit of electrical resistance is called a(n)
• ohm
• volt
• watt
• insulator

Chapter 4Electricity
102

Electricity Self-Test

• The two forms of electrical current are
• AB DC
• AC DC
• AD BC
• hot cold

Chapter 4Electricity
103

Electricity Self-Test

• Which of the following is NOT an effect of
  electric current?
• heating effect
• cooling effect
• magnetic effect
• electrochemical effect

Chapter 4Electricity
104

Electricity Self-Test

• The direct current used in electrotherapy
  treatments is
• Tesla
• Faradic
• Galvanic
• Sinusoidal

Chapter 4Electricity
105

Electricity Self-Test

• High frequency and alternating current are
  characteristics of which type of electrotherapy?
• Tesla
• Galvanic
• Sinusoidal
• direct current

Chapter 4Electricity
106

Electricity Self-Test

• Which type of light can create blue or cool
  tones?
• sunlight
• invisible
• fluorescent
• incandescent

Chapter 4Electricity
107

Electricity Self-Test
Time to check the self-test

• d. electric current
• b. insulators
• b. strength
• a. pressure
• a. ohm

Chapter 4Electricity
108

Electricity Self-Test
Time to check the self-test

1. b. AC DC
2. b. cooling effect
3. c. Galvanic
4. a. Tesla

1. c. fluorescent

Chapter 4Electricity
109
Chapter 4 Electricity

• Principles of Electricity
• Electricity in Cosmetology

Using electricity safely well-being of
stylist and client