WWI and the 1920s

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WWI and the 1920s
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Vocabulary

• Ally A country that agrees to help another
  country achieve a common goal.
• War bond A low-interest loan by civilians to the
  government.
• Patriotism Love or devotion for ones country.
• Draft A government call for registered citizens
  to engage in active military service

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U.S.-Mexico Conflict

• 1910- Revolution begins in MX because citizens
  had grown tired of their poor living conditions.
• During revolution Francisco Pancho Villa is
  angered that U.S. does not recognize him as
  leader.
• Villa begins raiding and killing U.S. citizens
  across the border (1911-1918)
• Gen. John J. Pershing sent to capture Villa in
  Mexico
• Angered by U.S. invasion, Mexicans help hide
  Villa
• 1918 Mexican government strikes a deal with
  Villa to stop his raids.

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Start of WWI

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is
  assassinated in Bosnia by a secret society known
  as the Black Hand. (June 28, 1914)
• WWI begins on July 28, 1914, when Austria-Hungary
  declares war on Serbia.

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Triple Entente (Allies)

• France, Great Britain, and Russia. Also Italy,
  Serbia, Belgium and several other countries.
• The U.S. will join in 1917.

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Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and
  Bulgaria.
• http//www.dartmouth.edu/gov46/ottoman-empire-158
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Main Factors U.S. enters WWI

• May 7, 1915 A British passenger ship was sunk
  off the coast of Ireland by a German U-Boat.
  About 1,200 people died including 128 Americans.
• The sinking of the Lusitania outraged Americans
• U-Boats (Underwater Boats) German submarines

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Main Factors U.S. enters WWI

• Zimmerman Telegram Sent by Foreign Secretary of
  Germany, Arthur Zimmerman, in January of 1917 to
  Mexico.
• Germany was asking Mexico to join them and fight
  against the U.S.
• In return Germany would help Mexico regain land
  that they lost in the Mexican Cession (Texas, New
  Mexico, and Arizona)
• Telegram intercepted by the British.

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U.S. enters WWI

• President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress for
  permission to go to war on April 2, 1917.
• U.S. Congress officially declared war on Germany
  on April 6, 1917.
• The U.S. joined the Allies.

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Texans in WWI

• Nearly 198,000 Texans served in the armed forces
  including about 450 nurses.
• By 1918 nearly 5,000 Texans had died.
• Many military training camps were started in TX.
• The largest aviation training center in the U.S.
  was established at Kelly Field in San Antonio.

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End of WWI

• Fighting ended in WWI on November 11, 1918, when
  Germany signed an armistice with the Allies.
  (11th hour, 11th day of the 11th month)
• Armistice a state of peace agreed to between
  opponents so they can discuss peace terms
  (agreement to stop all fighting)
• Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed by
  Germany with the Allies on June 28, 1919 to end
  the war.
• 8-10 million soldiers were killed.

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Armistice Day/Veterans Day

• First Armistice Day November 11, 1919.
• Changed to a federal holiday in 1938.
• In 1954 it was changed to Veterans Day by
  President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

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Problems with Prohibition

• The prohibition period lasted for about 13 years
  until it was ended in 1933 with the 21st
  amendment.
• The 21st amendment (ended prohibition) repealed
  the 18th amendment which banned the manufacture,
  distribution, and sale of alcohol.

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Intolerance on the Rise

• Intolerance An unwillingness to accept different
  people, ideas, or behaviors.
• The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) declared that its postwar
  goals were to preserve patriotism and moral
  behavior.
• Its members openly opposed Catholics, Jews,
  African Americans, and Hispanics.
• The KKK grew to 100,000 members and had elected
  members to important offices in TX and the U.S.