The Mogollon, the Anasazi, and the Hohokam

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The Mogollon, the Anasazi, and the Hohokam

• Adaptations and Alterations Made for Survival

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The Mogollon1 a.d. 1450 a.d.
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Mogollon Habitat

• Mountain and desert dwellers
• Gila River Country
• Mimbres River
• San Francisco River

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Mountain dwellers Desert dwellers
Mogollon Habitat
blm.gov/az
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Gila River Country
Mogollon Habitat
blm.gov/az
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Mimbres San Francisco Rivers
Mogollon Habitat
nmsu.edu
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How the Mogollon got food and other goods

• Hunter-Gatherers bighorn sheep, elk, mule deer,
  white-tail deer, antelope, beaver, badger,
  jackrabbits, cottontails, turkeys
• Farmers corn, beans, squash, cotton
• Traders traded with people from the coast for
  shells and pots

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How the Mogollon got food and other goods
Hunter-Gatherers
blm.gov
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How the Mogollon got food and other goods Farmers

• Corn

Squash
www.pecad.fas.usda.gov
blog.usa.gov
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How the Mogollon got food and other goods
Traders
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Mogollon Artifacts

• spear points
• stone knives
• grinding bones (deer, rabbit, squirrel, gopher,
  prairie dog, badger, pronghorn and mountain
  sheep)

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Mogollon ArtifactsSpear Points, Stone Knives
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Mogollon ArtifactsBones

blm.gov
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More Artifacts

• Pottery Brown or red before 900 a.d. Mimbres
  (black on white) in 900 a.d.
• Stone axes ground on 3 sides
• Shell pendants, bone hairpins

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Artifacts Mimbres Pottery
Blm.gov
statemuseum.arizona.edu
Nps.gov
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Artifacts Stone Axes

• Nps.gov

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Artifacts Shell Pendants, Hair Pins
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Mogollon Adaptations and Alterations1. Totally
relied on environment 2. Followed seasons
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Mogollon Adaptations and AlterationsMay have
left area due to climate change or drought which
would lead to food shortages
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Mogollon Ruins Gila Cliff Dwelling Kinishba
Pueblo Grasshopper Q Ranch Pueblo Point of
Pines Pueblo
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Mogollon RuinsGila Cliff Dwellings

• nps.gov

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Mogollon RuinsKinishba Pueblo
Nps.gov
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The Anasazi100 a.d. - 1300 a.d.
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Anasazi Habitat

• Stone architecture
• Cliff dwellings or pueblos
• Kiva built in center of plaza
• -underground
• -for ceremonies
• -with benches

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Anasazi HabitatCliff dwellings or pueblos
nps.gov
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How the Anasazi got food and other goods

• Farmers corn or maize, squash
• Hunter-Gatherers rabbit, deer, prairie dogs
• Basket makers

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How the Anasazi got food and other goods Farmers
usda.gov
blog.usa.gov
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How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Hunter-Gatherers
blm.gov
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How the Anasazi got food and other goodsBasket
Makers
Nps.gov
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Anasazi Artifacts

• Pottery (learned from the Mogollon)
• Squash gourds for water
• Baskets
• Stone tools spear, throwing stick
• Digging sticks

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ArtifactsPottery
Loc.gov
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ArtifactsSquash gourds for water
The gourds used to store water would have looked
something like this. Nps.gov
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Anasazi ArtifactsBaskets
Nps.gov
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Anasazi ArtifactsStone tools
Throwing Sticks and Spears
Nps.gov
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Anasazi ArtifactsDigging Sticks
Can you imagine using a stick to dig a hole to
plant a seed in order to get food?
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Anasazi Adaptations and Alterations

• 1. Carried water from source to village
• 2. Built homes in cliffs for protection from
  elements and enemies
• 3. Built homes facing south for heat in winter

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Anasazi Adaptations and Alterations
nps.gov
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Anasazi Adaptations and Alterations

• What may have happened to them?
• Drought
• Enemies invaded
• Internal conflict

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Anasazi Ruins

• Mesa Verde
• Canyon de Chelly
• Kayenta

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Anasazi RuinsMesa Verde
usgs.gov
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Anasazi RuinsCanyon de Chelly
nasa.gov
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The Hohokam1 a.d. 1450 a.d.
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Hohokam Habitat

• Sonoran Desert by rivers
• Made homes of jacal (adobe)
• Villages built around plaza

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Hohokam Habitat
Hohokam adobe dwelling
Nps.gov
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How the Hohokam got food and other goods
Farmers corn, beans, cotton, agave, and
squashHunter-Gatherers
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How the Hohokam got food and other goods Farmers
Corn
Agave
Cotton
usda.gov
Virginia.gov
usda.gov
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How the Hohokam got food and other goods
Hunter-Gatherers
Blm.gov
fws.gov
Mo.gov
Rabbits
Prairie dogs
Deer
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Hohokam artifacts foundPottery--Red on
BuffShell ornamentsStone tools
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Hohokam ArtifactsPottery Red on Buff
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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ArtifactsShell ornaments
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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ArtifactsStone tools
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Hohokam Adaptations and Alterations1. Moved
from desert in summer to foothills, then back
to desert in winter2. Built over 300 miles of
canals to irrigate crops
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Hohokam Adaptations and AlterationsCanal
system--Old and New
waterhistory.org
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Adaptations and AlterationsMay have left due
to drought floods climate change
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Hohokam RuinsCasa GrandeSnaketown
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Hohokam RuinsCasa Grande
nps.gov
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Hohokam RuinsSnaketown
statemuseum.arizona.edu