?2? ??????PIC16F8XX

1
?2? ??????PIC16F8XX

• PIC????????????????,???????????PIC?????,??????????
  ,??????????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ??????????PIC???????????
• ???????????PIC??,?????????PIC16F8???????????,?????
  ??????????????????????
• PIC16F8?????????PIC16F84A?PIC16F873?PIC16F877??

2
2.1 PIC16F84A???

• 2.1.1 PIC16F84A????
• PIC16F8X???18???Flash/EEPROM
  8?????????.PIC16F8X??????????,?
  PIC16F83?PIC16F84?PIC16CR83? PIC16CR84,?????????PI
  C16LF8X,PIC16LCR8X??
• PIC16F84A????PIC16F???????????????18??,??
  ?????????,??????,???????????????????????????PIC???
  ???????,??????????
• ?????????????????????,????????????????
  ??????????????,??????????????????,????OSC1/CLKIN
  ???????????????????4????OSC2/CLKOUT????,??????????
  ???????????????????????????????,???????????????

3

• ?PIC16F84A?????????(inv)??,?????L????????
  ???????????????????????,PIC16F84A????,??RA0-RA3
  RA4/T0CK1RB0/INTRB1-RB7??????????RA4/
  TOCK1?????????,?????????,???????????????RB0???????
  ?,?????????????Vss?????VDD????,??????2.0V5.5V,?
  ??????????????PIC16F84A???????????2.1???

?2.1 PIC16F84A?????
4

• PIC16F84A?????????????????(RISC
  CPU),???????????
• ???????????,????35??
• ????????(2??),??1?????
• ???? DC10 MHZ ????
• DC400ns ?????
• 14 ????,8 ? ???
• ????????15??
• ??? 8 ??
• ???4?
• ??RB0/INT ?? ??????
• TMR0 ????????
• PORTBlt74gt ??????????
• ?? EEPROM ??????
• Flash ???????,???1000??
• EEPROM ?????????,???1000?,???? gt 40??
• ?2.1?PIC16F8X???????????????

5
?2.1?PIC16F8X????????????
PIC16F8X ? ? ????? (WORDS) ????? RAM (BYTE) ?? EEPROM (BYTE) ???? ( MHz )
PIC16F83 512 Flash 36 64 10
PIC16F84 1K Flash 68 64 10
PIC16CR83 512 ROM 36 64 10
PIC16CR84 1K ROM 68 64 10
PIC16F84A??????????,?????? ???????13??? ??????
(LED????I/O),?????? 25mA,?????? 20
mA? ???TMR0?8????/???? ??PIC16F84A??????????????P
OR(Power-on reset)???????PWRT(Power up
Timer)?????????OST????????WDT(Watch Dog Timer) ??
6
2.1.2 PIC16F84A ????

• PIC16F84A?????????2.2?????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????8????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????
• 1.?????(Flash Program Memory)
• PIC16F84A????????Flash?????????1024??,?1????1
  4????Flash?????????????????????????????????????(Wr
  iter)?????

?2.3 Flash ???
?2.2 PIC16F84A??????
7

• 1)??(Reset)??????? (??1000h)
• ????,????????WDT?????????PIC?????,PIC?????????????
  ?
• 2)????????? (??0004h)
• ???(Timer)???????????????????????
• 3)?????? (2007h)
• ?????????PIC??????????,????????,?????????,????????
  ??????????????????????,??????????,???????(Writer)?
  ?????

?2.4 2007h??????(14 ?)
R ??????? ? P ????
-n ?????? u ???
? 13-4 ???????? CP
1 -??????? 0 -?????????
???????,PIC???????????????? ? 3
Power up ?????? (PWRTE inv) 1
-Power up?????? 0 -Power up?????
?????????72ms?PIC Reset? ???????
? 2 WDT????????? (WDTE)
1 -WDT????? 0
-WDT?????? ? 1-0 ???????
8

• 2.?????RAM (Random Access Memory)
• RAM????????????????????(?????????????)???
  ???????RAM??????????????,???????????,???????,?????
  ????????????????????????????2.4???????????????????
  ??????(Bank)????????????????12 ?(??
  00h-0Bh)????????????SFR?????PIC?????,I/O??????????
  ???????????13???68?(?? 0Ch-4Fh)?????????GPR
  (General Purpose Registers)???????????????????????
  ?????????

?2.5 RAM ?????
9

• 3.????????EEPROM (Electrically Erasable
  Programmable Read Only Memory)
• ?RAM??,EEPROM????????,???????????EEPROM???
  ?????????????????64???????100????????????????????,
  ????????,???????????100???????,???????????????????
  ??????40??
• 4.???????SFR (Special Function Registers)
• ????????????,SFR???????16???????????2.3?????
  ?????????????160??,???????????????????????????????
  ??????????,???????????????????????

10

• 5.?????(Program Counter)
• ????????????????????????????13?????
  ??????????????1?????????????????????,?????????????
  ???
• 6.?????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????,??????????????????,???????????????????
  ?????????RETURN????????????????????????????????
  ??????CALL????????,???????????,???????????????????
  ?????????(PUSH)????????RETURN???,?????????????????
  ???,?????????(POP)???????,???????????,???????????,
  ??????????????????? ?????????????,??????RETURN????
  ????????2.6,???????????,????????
• 7.?????(Instruction Register)
• ?????????????(Instruction)?????????,???????
  ?FECTCH?
• 8.????
• ??????????????(??)???????????????????????
  ??

11
?2.6 ???????????
12

• 9.???????????(Multiplexer and Arithmetic Logic
  Unit)
• ?????????????PIC????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????CPU????????,????????????
  ?
• 10.?????
• ????????W Register???????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????I/O????
• 11.?????(Status Register)
• ?????????????????????????????(??????,????????
  ?),??????? ??????????????
• 12.???????FSR (File Select Register)
• ?????,?????????????????FSR???????RAM?????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????,?????7?,?
  ?????0?127??????????????????????????,????????RP0
  ?????FSR????8????,????????????????????????????????
  ????????? ????????PIC16F84A?????80(50h)?127(7Fh)??
  ?????

13

• 13.???????(Address Multiplexer)
• ?RAM?????????,???????????????(7?)???????RP0?
  ????????????????????????(7 ?)?FSR?????????????????
  ?????????????????
• 14.EEDATA ???
• EEDATA??????EEPROM????????????????????
• 15.EEADR ???
• EEADR????EEPROM???????????8????,????0?255?
  ?????PIC16F84A??????64?,??6 ???????EEPROM???
• 16.???(Timer)
• PIC16F84A???????8?????????TMR0?8??????????25
  6?????256???,?????????????SFR?INTCON????TOIF ??
  1????????????????????????????,SFR?INTCOM????GIF??T
  OIE?????1?

14

• 17.I/O ?????
• PIC16F84A????????13??????????????????????
  ??????,??????????13 ????5???8?????5?????A?,8
  ?????B??????????,??????????,?13 ??????????????
• 18.????????
• ????????PIC????????,PIC???????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????,??????
  ?????,???????????????????????PIC????????????????
• PIC16F84A??????????,????????(1??)?4???????
  ??????????????8??(2??)??20MHz?????,?????1/20MHz,50
  ns,????????200ns?PIC?1?????500?????

15

• 2.1.3 PIC16F84A ???
• PIC16F84A???,?????????????????????????????
  ?
• ?????(Power-on )
• ???,???PIC?????????????????????????PIC????
• ?????(Oscillator Start-up Timer)???,?????????????
  ???????????????PIC????
• ????(Power-on Reset)???,PIC??????????
• ???(Watchdog)??????????????PIC???????????PIC?????
  ?????????????PIC??????????????,PIC????????????????
  ????????????,PIC??????????

16
2.2 PIC16F873???

• 2.2.1 PIC16F873????
• ???????PIC??????,???????PIC16F84A,????????
  ???????,??????,?????????????????PIC16F873?????????
  ?????PIC16F873???PIC16F84A???????????????????????
  
• PIC16F873????PIC16F84A?????????????????????
  ???????4 K ??,?????RAM ???192??,EEPROM?128????????
  ????????????????????????(A/D)????????????????PIC16
  F84A?????????,????????PIC16F84A???????????????
• ?2.7?PIC16F873?????,?????????????
• RA0-5 ????? A MCKLR Master
  Clear (?????)
• RB0-7 ????? B Vpp ??????
• RC0-7 ????? C THV Test
  Mode ??????
• AN0-4 ???? VREF/- ????
  (A/D??)
• RX USART?????? SS Sleep
  ??

17

• TX USART?????? T0CK1 ?????0????
• SCK ??????? T1OSO ?????1??????
• SCL SPI,I2Cmode?? T1OSI
  ?????1??????
• DT ???? T1CK1
  ?????1????
• CK ???? PGD ??????
• SDO SPI???? PGC ??????
• SDI SPI ???? PGM ???????
• SDA ??????(I2Cmode) INT ??????
• OSC1/CLKIN ???? VDD ??
• OSC2/CLKOUT ???? Vss ??
  (Ground)
• CCP1,2 Capture?? / ???? / PWM??

18

• 1.PIC16F873????????SFR (Special Function
  Register)
• PIC16F873?RAM???????4 ???(Bank)?????????128????
  ?????SFR???????????32????33 ??????????????????????
  ?????96???2??3?????0??1?????????,????????????2
  ??????192 ???
• 2.PIC16F873???(Configuration)?
• PIC16F837?????????????????????????2007h??
  ????????????????????????????????????
• ???????PIC???????2.9?????????????

?2.9 ??????????
19

• 2.2.2 PIC16F873??????
• PIC16F837????????A?B?C????A??6?,B??8?,C??
  8?????????22??????????????,A?B?C???????PIC16F873??
  A,B,C?????????????????????,???????,??A/D????????,?
  ?????????????????PIC16F873??????????

20

• 1.????A?
• ????A??RA0-RA5?6??????????????????????,??????,
  ?????????????????0???????????????PIC16F84A,???????
  ???????????
• ????????????,??????(Mode)????TRISA????????????
  ????????????,????ADCON0?ADCON1??????????????????,T
  RISA???????????????????????,????TRISA?????????????
  (1)?????A????????2.10???

?2.10 ????A????
21

• 2.????B?
• ????B??RB0-RB7?8?????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????,???????????????
  (ICSP)???,B???????????PIC16F873?ICSP?PIC16F84A????
  ??
• RB4-RB7?4?????????????????????,B??????TR
  ISA???4????,?4???,4?????????????????????????INTCOM
  ????RBIF???,?????????????0004h,?????????
• ??,RB0/INT????????????????????,INTCON????IN
  TE ????1?????????????????,?OPTION????RBPU???????1?
  ,?????,0????????

?2.11 ????B????
22

• 3.????C?
• ????C??B????8??????????C???????????????,?
  ????????1??????,??????????????????
• RC0??????????1???????????????????????????
  ???T1CON???????RC1???????????1????????????CCP2
  (Capture2 input/Compare2 output/Pulse Width
  Modulation2 (PWM2) output)?????????1??????T1CON???
  ??????CCP2???????CCP2CON???????

?2.12 ????C????
23

• 2.2.3 PIC16F873?????
• PIC16F837??3???????????????????????,???????
  
• ?????0
• PIC16F873??????0?PIC16F84A??????0??????
  ,???????????
• ?????0?8??????,??????255?
• ?????????????
• ???8?????Pre-scale???
• ???????????
• ?????????(?????????FFh??00h)
• ????????,?????????????

24

• ?????1
• ?????1??2.13??,???16??????
  (TMR1H,TMR1L)????2?8????????????????Pre-scale,????
  1,2, 4,8?????TMR1IE???PIE ??1?,??????????????????F
  FFFh??0000h??TMR1IF????,???????
• ?????1?????????????????????T1CON???
  TMR1CS????TMR1CS??0?,??????1??????????????????????
  ??????????????

?2.13 ?????1????
25

• ?????2
• ??????????8 ?????? (TMR2)
  ??????????????? ??????4????????????4????????????
  ?????1,4,16?????????????1?16??16?????????
• ????????????2.14????????????????????????,
  ???????00h????? ?????????????2??0?????????????????
  ??????????????FFh?????????????????????????????????
  ?,???????????????????5,??????????????5??,?????????
  ??(PIR1)TMR2IF??1?????? ?????2????T2CON???TMR2ON??
  ??????????

?2.14 ?????2????
26

• 2.2.4 PIC16F873 CCP??
• CCP???PIC16F873??????CCP?????Capture,Comp
  are?PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
  ?????????,?????????????????????PIC16F873???CCP???

CCP1 CCP2 ????
???? ???? ???????1 ???????????????,??????
???? ???? ??????,????????1?? ?????,?????CCP1?????
???? PWM ??????1??????2????,?????????????
???? ???? ??????,????????1?? ?????,?????CCP2?????
???? ???? ????????,????????1?? ??,??????????
???? PWM ??????1??????2????,?????????????
PWM ???? ??????1??????2????,?????????????
PWM ???? ??????1??????2????,?????????????
PWM PWM ??????,?????2????????????
?2.3 CCP1?CCP2???????
27

• ?????? CCP??????
• 1.????(Capture)??
• ????????,RC2/CCP1 ??(13??)?????????????????CCPR1
  (CCPR1L?CCPR1H) ??????TRISC???????RC2/CCP1
  ????????? ????????2.15?
• ??RC2/CCP1 ?? (?? 13) ??????????????????CCP1CON???
  ?CCP1M 0 ??CCP1M 3 ??4?????

?2.15 CCP???????
28

• 2.????(Compare)??
• ????????CCPR1????????????1(TMR1)????????????
  ?????????2.16??? ????????,??CCP1????CCP1M0
  ??CCP1M3 ???????????????? ??????????2.5?
  ???,???TRISC?????RC2/CCP1?(?? 13)??????
  ???????1????????????? ????????????,???????????

?2.16 CCP???????
29

• PWM??
• ????PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
  ???,??CCP1?? (?? 13) ????????? ????????????2.17???
  ???PWM??,?CCP1CON????CCP1M3 ??CCP1M2 ??1????

?2.17 PWM???????????
30

• ??????PWM?????Duty???????
• 1) PWM??
• Pulse?????TRM2?PR2?????????,?????????
• PWM???? (PR2?? 1)4??????????2?????
• ???1 (10MHz??????)
• ?? PR2 255
• ????? 0.1 µs (10MHz??)
• ?????2?Prescaler? 16
• PWM?? (2551)40.11E-0616
• 1.6384 ms(610Hz)
• 2) PWM????????
• ??????????Pulse???????,?????????
• ???3 (10MHz???Duty??)
• ?? CCPR1L CCP1X CCP1Y 1023
• ????? 0.1 µs (10MHz??)
• ?????2?Prescaler? 16
• PWM ??????? 10230.11E-0616
• 1.6368 ms

31

• ??????,PWM?????????
• ?PR2?????PWM???
• ?CCPR1L????CCP1CON?????PWM Duty??
• ?TRISC?????CCP1 (?? 13) ??????
• ?T2CON????????????Prescaler??
• ?CCP1CON???CCP1M3??CCP1M2???PWM?? (11XX)?

32

• 2.2.5 PIC16F873 ????(A/D)??
• ????????????????????,???????????????
  PIC16F873??10?????????,??????????1/1024??????
  ???????0 V?5 V???????5V,??????5/1024
  V,?0.004883 V (?5 mV)?
• 1.??????
• ??PIC16F873????????5?????????
  (AN0-AN4),????????????????PIC16F873???1???????????
  ????????????,???????????????????1???????40us,?????
  ???????????????????????????????
• ??????????????ADCON1???PCFG0??PCFG3??4
  ????? PIC??????????????ADCON0????CHS0?,CHS1??CHS2?
  ?????? ?????????TRISA???????1????????????????2.18?
  ??

33

• 2??????????
• ?????????Vss (0V) ?VDD (5V)
  ??,?????VREF- (????) ?VREF (????)
  ?????????????,VREF-?VREF ??????Vss?VDD???
  ??,??????Vss,??????3V?,?????3V?????????????1/1024,
  ?3/10240.002929 (?3mV)?
• VREF-?VREF???,???ADCON1???PCFG0??PCFG
  3??????? ??VREF-?VREF????,??????AN2???AN3????????
  ?????VREF,VREF-?????Vss????????,?????Vss,?????VD
  D?

?2.19 ???????????
34

• 3????????
• ?????????ADRESH?ADRESL?????????????2.20?????????8?
  ????????16???????ADRESH???,ADRESL??????????10?????
  ??16 ????????10???10??,??ADCON1????ADFM?????????2.
  20??,ADFM?0,??10?,1???10??

?2.20 ????????
35

• ????????
• ??2.21?,???????ON?,????????ANx???????
  ?????????CHOLD??,??????????????????????????
  ?????????????,??ADCON0???CHS0,CHS1?CHS2???????,???
  ??????????,????????????????????????,??????????????
  ?????????????? ??????20 us? ??????????????
  ????????????????,????20 us? ???,???????????????,??
  ?????????????????????

?2.21 ?????????????
36

• 5?????????
• ?????????????????????1???1.6us
  (TAD)??????????ADCON0????ADCS0??ADCS1???????2?????
  ?4??????
• ????1.6 us???????,??????????PIC????,???
  ?????1.6 us???????,RS??????SLEEP?????????

?2.22 ????
37

• 6.??????????
• ??????????????????????????????
• SLEEP????????
• ???PIC??????????????????,????SLEEP????????????????
  ?????RC???,?????ADCON0???ADCS0??ADCS1??1?1
  ??????4 us?ADCON0???GO??1?SLEEP?????PIC??SLEEP???S
  LEEP??????????????,?????????????????????2.23???

?2.23 SLEEP??????????
38

• 2.2.6 PIC16F873 ??????USART
• PIC16F873????????????????,?????/?????USART
  (Addressable Universal Synchronous Asynchronous
  Receiver Transmitter)???????????MSSP(Master
  Synchronous Serial Port)???USART?????????????????
  (?????)?????-?Master (?????)?????-? Slave
  (?????)?
• USART?????????????????????????8??????????
  ??,?????????,????????9????

39

• 1.????
• ?????,??????????1?0?????????,?????????????????????
  ????????? (8 ? ?9??) ??????????,??????????????????
  ??????????,???????????????????,????????H????????H?
  ???L??? (START) ?,?????????????,??,???????????????
  ??????????STOP ? (H??) ???????????USART???,???????
  ??????????????????,??????????????????????????,????
  ?????Tx?????Rx?????,????????? (?????)?

40

• 2?????????
• ??????RC6/TX/CK (17 ??)
  ???????,RC7/RX/DT (18 ??)???????????????USART????,
  TX ?RX?????????TRISC?????,?C???6 ????0
  (????),?7????1(????)???RC6?RC7??USART???,?????????
  ?(??????????)SPEN ????,??TXSRA???SYNC
  ??USART??????2.24???

?2.24 USART ????
41

• 3 USART??????
• USART???????????BRG (Baud Rate
  Generator)????????????????BRG???????????????SPBRG,
  ???8???????????????USART???,??????????(TXSTA)?BRGH
  ????????????

42

• 4.USART????????
• USART?????,??????????SPEB??RC6????TX????TXREG?????
  ?????,??????TSR (Transmit Shift Register)
  ?????TX???????????????????(TXSTA)?TXEN
  ??1?????????????????????

?2.25 USART???????????
43
?2.26 ???USART???????
?2.27 ?????USART???????
44

• 5.USART????????
• ?2.28???USART??????????????USART?????,??
  ??????????????SPEN ??1???RC7?USART?????RX?????,?RX
  ?????????????????RSR????????????????,??????????3??
  ???????SPBRG??????????????(TXSTA)?BRGH
  ??????????RSR??????????RSR??????????STOP
  ??,??RSR?????????RCREG?????????RCREG????,PIR1?????
  ???RCIF ??1??????????????,??????????????(PIE1)?RCI
  E ??1???
• ??2.28??,RCREG?????2?????FIFO
  ???????,?????2???????????????????????????????????,
  RCIF ??????,?RCREG??????????,??????0?

?2.28 USART??????????
45

• ??????RSR??????,?RCREG?2?????FIFO (First
  In First Out) ???????????RCSTA????OERR
  ??????????Overlay?????????????RSR????????????????U
  SART???????????????,???RCSTA????CREN
  ???,????CREN????OERR??????
• ??????????USART??????????????????????????
  ??????????????RSR??????????,RCSTA????FERR
  ???????????RERR ????RCSTA????RX9D
  ????????????1??????????????,?RCREG???????????RCSTA
  ?????????FERR ??????

46
2.3 PIC16F877???

• ????PIC?????????Microchip??????????,???
  ??????????????,????????????PIC16F877???????????,??
  Flash?????,????????????????CPU?????????????,??????
  ???????????PIC16F877??????????????PIC?????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????

47

• 2.3.1 PIC16F877??
• PIC16F877??PIC16F87X??????????,??????
• ???RISC CPU
• 35?????
• ????????2????,????????
• ????DC20MHZ????,DC 200ns????
• 8K14?FLASH?????
• ????(??14????)
• 8????????
• ?????????????
• ????(POR)??????????????
• ????????
• ?????
• ??????(ICSP)

48

• ?????
• Timer0???????8????/???
• Timer1???????16????????,????????,?Sleep??????
• Timer2??8??????,??????????8????/???
• 10????A/D???
• ??SPI(???)?I2C(?/?)???SSP
• ??9??????????????/???(USART/SCI)
• ??RD,WR?CS??(?40/44??)8????????
• ?????????????

49

• PIC16F877?? Flash program
  ??????,????????,???? ICD(In Circuit
  Debug)??,??????????????????,??????????????????????
  ?,PIC16F877????PLCC(Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier)?
  QFP(Quad Flat Package)???????,???????,??????????
• PIC16F877(??2.30) ?????(Flash)???,??????,?
  ROM ?????? 8K ??,? 2K ???,??? 4??? RAM ??? 512
  ???(00f1FFh),? 128 ?????????,???? 4 ????,?????
  ???????????,???????????,?? I/O?CCP?Timer?USART?MSS
  P ??

50

• 2.3.2 ??????
• PIC16F877 ????????????,?? CPU?POM?RAM?I/O
  ??????,?????????,????
• A/D converter???????,?????? 8 ????????
  CCP??????????PWM,?????????
• Timer,?????,? Timer0?Timer1?Timer2 ?3??
• USARTUniversal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
  Transmitter,??/??????,? RS232?RS485 ??
• MSSPMaster Synchronous Serial Port,???(I2C)????(S
  PI)????
• ??????,??? EEPROM ??????????,??????????????,??????
  ??

51
?2.30 PIC16F877 ????
?2.31 PIC16F877 RAM???
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• 2.3.3 PIC16F877 ????
• 1.PIC ????
• ??????????????????????,????/???????????,??
  ??????,??????????????,????????,PIC16F877
  ????????20MHz????????13(OSC1/CLKIN)???14(OSC2/CLK
  OUT),????????4???
• LP?????????(Low Power Crystal)
• XT?????/???(Crystal/Resonator)
• HS???????(High Speed Crystal/Resonator)
• RC????/??(Resister/Capacitor)

?2.32 ??????
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• 2.?????????
• PIC16F877 ?????? 5V,?? ??11 ? ??32,??12 ?
  ??31 ?????,?????? ??1,?? Reset
  ?,??????????,???????????2.33?
• 3.?????
• PIC16F877 ???????????? 7 ????,??? 33
  ??????????????,??????????????,????????????????????
  ??PIC ? 8?????,???????,?????? 8 ???,?? I/O ???
  PORTA(RA0RA5)?PORTB(RB0RB7)?PORTC(RC0RC7)?PORTD
  (RD0RD7)? PORTE(RE0RE2)?,?????????

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• PORTA
• PIC16F877?PORTA ???6?(RA0RA5),PORTA
  ??????????????,??????,PORTA ??????????,??????????
  
• PORTB
• PORTB ???8?(RB0RB7),?????????????????,??,??????,?
  ??????,??? ??36(RB3/PGM)???39(RB6/PGC)?
  ??40(RB7/PGD)?
• PORTC
• PORTC ???8?(RC0RC7),??????? I/O
  ?,?????????????????,?? CCP(??????)?I2C?SPI(???????
  ?)?UART(????????)??
• PORTD
• PORTD ???8?(RD0RD7),?????? I/O?,?? PSP(Parallel
  Slave Port)????????????????????,??????????????????
  ?
• PORTE
• PORTE ???3?(RE0RE2),PORTE ? ??8?9?10 ?????,????
  I/O ??,????????,??? PORTD ???????????????,?/RD?/WR
  ?/CS ?,????PORTE ???

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?2.33 ???????
?2.11 ???????