MEASURING LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN

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MEASURING LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN

• (UGANDAS EXPERIENCE)
• BEN PAUL MUNGYEREZA (NSO)
• AND
• RICHARD NDIKURYAYO (GENDER MINISTRY)
• Global Forum On Gender Statistics Accra, Ghana,
  January 2628, 2009

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Presentation Outline

• Why measure women participation
• Data sources
• Collaboration to improve measurement
• Selected Labour Market Indicators
• Preliminary findings of the Gender and
  Productivity Survey
• Efforts to build gender statistics in Uganda

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Measuring womens work

• Purpose To provide information
• We want to know
• The status of women participation?
• We want to monitor
• If there are changes in labour force
  participation of women
• Use information to improve policy and plans.

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Data sources

• Two main data sources, which generate data that
  is interpreted to support national-level planning
  towards gender equality and equity.
• Censuses (after every ten years)
• National Household Surveys.

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National Household Surveys

• Uganda National Household Surveys every after 2
  years
• Other household-based surveys include
• demographic and health survey (every 5 ),
• national service delivery surveys (every 4 years)
• etc

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Efforts to improve the measurement of womens
work in Uganda

• Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) works very
  closely with all the stakeholders.
• UBOS together with key stakeholders developed the
  compendium of concepts and definitions used in
  the National Statistical System with Gender
  concepts clearly spelt out.

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Specific activities to improve the measurement of
womens work in Uganda

• Consultative meetings
• Modular Approach
• Gender Analysis of Census and Survey Reports
• Gender and Productivity Surveys
• Computation of Labour Market Indicators

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Consultative meetings

• Questionnaires prepared are shared out with
  different stakeholders for their input. UBOS
  always consults with Ministry of Gender, Labour
  and Social Development and Uganda Gender Forum.
• However, it must be noted that not all suggested
  questions are always included due to limited
  space in survey questionnaire.

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Modular Approach

• UBOS attaches more comprehensive modules. For
  example, during the 2002/03 and 2005/2006
  National Household Surveys, separate and more
  detailed labour module was attached.
• More detailed information on the labour market in
  relation to gender and womens work was included.

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Gender Analysis of Existing data

• Detailed gender analysis of Population and
  Housing Censuses and National Household Surveys.
• Analysis of existing data reveals a number of
  gender issues that were omitted.
• The issues generated assist UBOS when organizing
  subsequent censuses and surveys to ensure that
  womens work is captured.

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Gender and Productivity Survey

• The first ever Gender and productivity survey was
  conducted in Uganda between October 2007 and
  February 2008
• Questions developed jointly between the Economic
  Policy Research Centre, Uganda Bureau of
  Statistics and Ministry of Gender, Labour and
  Social Development.
• Aimed at capturing more data particularly in the
  area of womens paid and unpaid work. The survey
  covered 4,291 households in the entire country.
• In addition to the regular socio-economic module,
  individual questionnaires were developed for
  women and men on assets ownership, health, roles
  in decision making, domestic violence, etc

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Gender and Productivity Survey cont..

• Womans questionnaire
• Decision regarding utilization of resources
  earned by the woman
• Own choice VS husbands choice
• Voluntary vs involuntary surrender of earnings to
  husband
• This important gender dimension has often been
  left out by national household surveys.
• Extensive training for enumerators was carried
  out to be able to fully capture womens
  contributions.
• The report for this survey is yet to be
  completed. Only a draft has been developed.

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Labour Market Indicators

• Size in the Labour force
• Labour force participation rate
• Employment to population ratio
• Status in employment
• Employment by sector
• Hours of work

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Labour Force

• Definition Economically active population in
  segment 14 to 64 years
• Approx. 9.8 million (2003)
• Males 47.4
• Females 52.6
• Slight male/female difference.

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Labour Force Distribution By Literacy status
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Labour Force Participation RateBy Residence
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Employment to population ratio By Residence
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Employment to population ratio By Education
attainment
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Status in employment
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Average Hours of work per week By Residence
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• Gender and Productivity Survey
• 2008
• Preliminary Findings

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Participation RateBy Residence - GPS
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Gender and Productivity Survey

• The GPS preliminary results for 2008 are
  consistent with the household survey results of
  2003
• Participation rate for women in rural is higher
  than urban
• Within rural, female participation rate is higher
  than that for men

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Share of unpaid family workers - GPS
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Share of unpaid family work

• The GPS preliminary results are consistent with
  the household survey results
• More women are engaged in unpaid family work
• There is more unpaid work in the rural areas

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Gender intensity in production

• Knowing that women have access and seek
  employment is important
• But it is also important to know how women
  compare to men within category
• Gender intensity measures the share of women in
  a given employment category.

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Gender Intensity GPS(age of women)
Women dominate in unpaid family workers
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Median wage per month in the private sector (000
ug.shs)-GPS
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Decision on spending income earned by wife
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Major Household expenditure decisions (women
quest.)
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Efforts to build Gender Statistics in Uganda.

• Efforts to improve measurement of womens work
• Appending a module of activities list onto
  National Household Survey questionnaire, to
  capture the full range of economic activities in
  which Ugandan women are engaged in.
• During the design of surveys, UBOS will attempt
  to integrate women activity lists into
  questionnaires.

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Efforts to build Gender Statistics in Uganda
(contd..)

• Institutional efforts
• UBOS has recruited an officer specifically to
  handle gender statistics.
• Increased collaboration between the Ministry of
  Gender, the National Statistical Office and the
  Training institutions.

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Efforts to build Gender Statistics in Uganda
(contd..)

• Institutional efforts
• Through NSDS support, the Ministry for Gender has
  developed its Strategy for the development of
  statistics in the sector. Statistics has been
  mainstreamed in the sector and catered for in the
  budget for the next FY
• Through the NSDS, the statistics unit under the
  Ministry responsible for Gender has been equipped
  and strengthened.

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Thank You