Chemigating with Confidence: Injection System Calibration

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Chemigating with Confidence
Injection System Calibration
Tom Hoffmann Technical Assistance
Specialist Byron Fitch Chemigation Compliance
Specialist
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Topics

• New Training Program
• Chemigation Fertigation Guidelines
• Label Interpretation
• Calibration of Injection System
• Questions

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New Training Program . . . and Concept
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Chemigation Regulations

• Federal Label Improvement Program ( LIP )
• Pesticide Regulation Notice 87-1
• ( Label Improvement Program for Pesticides
  Applied Through Irrigation Systems )
• Provisions effective in April 1988
• Washington State
• Chemigation Rule ( WAC 16-202-1001 )
• Effective date October 31, 1989
• Fertigation Rule ( WAC 16-202-2001 )
• Effective Date January 7, 1991

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Chemigation and Fertigation

• An applicator must demonstrate that an operation
  will not result in reasonably foreseeable harm to
  humans, surface water or ground water, or
  desirable plants or animals.
• Safety devices and injection equipment must be
  installed, operated, and maintained according to
  manufacturers specifications or established
  industry standards.
• Equipment must be operated and maintained in a
  manner to prevent misapplication and off-site
  application.
• Applicator must verify that source water
  contamination will not occur
• Alternative devices must be authorized by WSDA
  staff.
• Principal applicator is ultimately responsible.
• Irrigation injection systems are deemed an
  apparatus.

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Antipollution Devices

• Irrigation System
• Check valve
• Vacuum relief valve
• Low pressure drain
• Inspection port

Substituted alternative technology not otherwise
specified . . . must be evaluated by the
department. . . . WAC 16-202-1003 ( 3 ) WAC
15-202-2003 ( 4 )
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Antipollution Devices

• Irrigation System
• Check valve
• Vacuum relief valve
• Low pressure drain
• Inspection port

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Vacuum Relief Valve
Inspection Port
Check Valve
Low Pressure Drain
Antipollution Device Requirements
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Antipollution Devices

• Irrigation System
• Check valve
• Vacuum relief valve
• Low pressure drain
• Inspection port

• Injection System
• Interlock
• Injection Line Check valve

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Minimum 10 psi opening pressure
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lt 15 of systems were compliant at initial
inspection.
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• Tank Identification
• ? Contact Name
• ? Phone Number
• ? Identifier
• ? Volume
• ? Pesticide Label

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Chemigation
Full Pesticide Label
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Fertigation
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Farm maps to identify location and direction of
sensitive sites
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• Contact Information
• Contact Name
• Phone Number

• General Information
• Phone number
• Contact name
• Product name
• Start time date
• End time date
• Health hazards
• Symptomology
• Practical treatment

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Contact Log Contact Log Contact Log Contact Log Contact Log Contact Log Contact Log
Contact Information Contact Information Contact Information Contact Information Notification Process Notification Process Notification Process
Area Map Reference Name of Contact Address Phone/Email Date Issued Method Used Permission Waiver on File
? Phone ? Mail ? Email ? In-Person ? ? Yes ? No
? Phone ? Mail ? Email ? In-Person ? ? Yes ? No
? Phone ? Mail ? Email ? In-Person ? ? Yes ? No
? Phone ? Mail ? Email ? In-Person ? ? Yes ? No
? Phone ? Mail ? Email ? In-Person ? ? Yes ? No
? Phone ? Mail ? Email ? In-Person ? ? Yes ? No
? Phone ? Mail ? Email ? In-Person ? ? Yes ? No
? Phone ? Mail ? Email ? In-Person ? ? Yes ? No
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Reasons to Assess Uniformity

• Economic
• Excessive product
• Additional irrigation water
• Compromised yield and quality
• Environmental
• Deep leaching
• Surface runoff
• Regulatory

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Seasonal Application Depth vs. Field Area

• CU 90
• CU 70

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Total Potato Yield as Influenced by the
Difference Between Irrigation and Season
Evaporation in Southern Idaho, 1995.
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Cost of Inefficiency

• Swing Span
• 25 acres
• Calibrate for ½ rate on 25 acres
• Over apply by 10 on 125 acres
• Production Cost
• Pesticide 340 / acre
• Fertilizer 404 / acre
• 10 Over application
• Pesticide 4,257
• Fertilizer 5,044
• Total 9,301

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Cost of Inefficiency

• System with 70 versus 90 DUlq
• Irrigation water 28 inches
• Additional water 5 inches
• Irrigation system expense
• Variable cost only
• Electrical, labor, repair
• 132.72 / acre
• Increase by 33.17 per acre or 4,146 for pivot.
• No penalty charged for overage of water
  allotment.

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Cost of Inefficiency

• Variation in pumping rate due to change in air
  temperature and solar radiation.
• 3 to 12 percent.

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Cost of Inefficiency

• 3 to 12 variation in pumping rate from change
  in air temperature solar radiation
• 5 percent on 125 pivot.
• Production cost ( Acre )
• Chemical 340
• Fertilizer 404
• Additional cost
• 37.20 per acre
• 4,650 for pivot.

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Cost of Inefficiency

• Distribution Uniformity
• Pump Calibration ( 5 )
• Total 8,796

4,146
4,650
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Quiz . . .

• Is the pesticide label a legal document ?

Yes!
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Label Provisions

• Advisory statements
• Do not direct or require a user to perform or
  refrain from an action.
• Unenforceable.
• Use words such as suggested, recommended, or
  should.
• Treatment Guidelines For optimum results,
  certain procedures should be observed. . . .

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80
0.5 acre
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Percentage of rotten tubers in relation to
distance from center of pivot when cv Ranger was
stored and sampled at various times, Bruce WA,
1999.
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Label Provisions

• Mandatory statements
• Directives or commands
• Require or prohibit certain actions by user
• Binding and enforceable
• Often ( not always ) use imperative verbs
• must, shall or shall not, do not, etc.
• Mechanically incorporate this product within 24
  hours after application.

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• SPRINKLER CHEMIGATION
• End guns must be turned off during the
  application, if they irrigate nontarget areas.
• It is recommended that nozzles in the immediate
  area of control panels, chemical supply tanks
  and system safety devices be plugged to prevent
  contamination of these areas.
• Do not apply when wind speed favors drift beyond
  the area intended for treatment.
• Do not apply when system connections or fittings
  leak or when nozzles do not provide uniform
  distribution.

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Application Uniformity
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WAC 16-202-1003 ( 13 ) Equipment must be
calibrated and maintained in a manner to prevent
misapplication or off-site application. . . .
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Calibration Seven Basic Steps

• Determine the
• 1. Size of the treated area, in acres.
• 2. Pivot circumference, in feet.
• 3. Pivot travel speed, in feet per minute.
• 4. Product used and application rate.
• 5. Total amount of product required.
• 6. The injection rate in gallons per hour.
• 7. Injection pump setting.

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Chemigation Assumptions

• A grower will apply Bravo WeatherStik to manage
  late blight.
• Center pivot with drop nozzles.
• Pivot to last tower is 1,248 feet.
• Wetted radius is 1,290 feet.
• There is no swing span.
• Endgun will be disabled.
• Target irrigation depth is 0.25-inch water.
• Maximum rate selected for late blight control.
• DUlq is 89 percent.

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Chemigation Calibration

• Determine size of treatment area.

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Chemigation Calibration
Area ?r2

• Value for r ( Radius )
• Treated area
• 80 of throw distance for outermost sprayhead /
  nozzle

1,248 feet
1,290 feet
Field Size 3.1416 x 1,290 feet x 1,290 feet
Field Size 5,227,937 feet2 or 120 acres
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Chemigation Calibration

• Calculate the pivot circumference.

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Chemigation Calibration
Measured at outer most tower track
1,248 feet
1,290 feet
C 2r?
Circumference 2 x 1,248 feet x 3.1416
Circumference 7,841 feet
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Chemigation Calibration

• Product application rate.

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A.I. versus Product

• Converting from A.I. to product.
• 1.125 lbs. a.i. / acre
• Where do you find the information ?
• What do you need to know ?
• Percent A.I.
• Weight of material
• Pounds A.I. / gallon

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A.I. versus Product

• Converting from A.I. to product.
• 1.125 lbs. a.i. / acre
• Where do you find the information ?
• What do you need to know ?
• Percent A.I.
• Weight of material ( lbs. / gallon )
• Pounds A.I. per gallon

54.0
?
6 lbs.


__ pints / acre
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A.I. versus Product

• Converting from A.I. to product.
• 1.125 lbs. a.i. / acre
• Where do you find the information ?
• What do you need to know ?
• Percent A.I.
• Weight of material ( lbs. / gallon )
• Pounds A.I. per gallon

54.0
?
6 lbs.
1.125 lbs. a.i.
acre
__ pints / acre
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A.I. versus Product

• Converting from A.I. to product.
• 1.125 lbs. a.i. / acre
• Where do you find the information ?
• What do you need to know ?
• Percent A.I.
• Weight of material ( lbs. / gallon )
• Pounds A.I. per gallon

54.0
?
6 lbs.
1.125 lbs. a.i. gallon
acre 6 lbs. a.i.
__ pints / acre
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A.I. versus Product

• Converting from A.I. to product.
• 1.125 lbs. a.i. / acre
• Where do you find the information ?
• What do you need to know ?
• Percent A.I.
• Weight of material ( lbs. / gallon )
• Pounds A.I. per gallon

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?
6 lbs.
1.125 lbs. a.i. gallon 8 pints
acre 6 lbs. a.i. gallon
__ pints / acre
1.5 pints
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Chemigation Calibration

• Labeled rate of product.
• 1.25 pints.

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Chemigation Calibration

• Total amount of product required.
• 1.25 pints / acre x 120 acres 150 fl. oz.

Gallons 150 pints gallon
Gallons field 8 pints
or 18.75 gallons
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Chemigation Calibration

• Total amount of product required.
• 18.75 gallons
• a Carrier

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Chemigation Calibration

• Total amount of product required.
• 18.75 gallons
• ?a Carrier
• 151

( 14 gallons water to 1 gallon Bravo )
Material Gallons
Bravo 18.75
Water
Total
300-Gallon Batch
281.25
300.00
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Chemigation Calibration

• Set center pivot speed.
• Adjust irrigation depth for DUlq 89
• Adjusted Depth
• 0.25-inch / .89 0.28-inch

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Settings and Application Rate Settings and Application Rate Settings and Application Rate Settings and Application Rate
Speed, Feet / Minute Hours / Rev Inch(es) / Pass
5.0 168.0 2.53
7.5 112.0 1.69
10.0 84.0 1.26
12.5 67.2 1.01
15.0 56.0 0.84
17.5 48.0 0.72
20.0 42.0 0.63
25.0 33.6 0.51
30.0 28.0 0.42
35.0 24.0 0.36
40.0 21.0 0.32
45.0 18.7 0.28
50.0 16.8 0.25
60.0 14.0 0.21
70.0 12.0 0.18
80.0 10.5 0.16
90.0 9.3 0.14
100.0 15.56 8.4 0.126
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Settings and Application Rate Settings and Application Rate Settings and Application Rate Settings and Application Rate
Speed, Feet / Minute Hours / Rev Inch(es) / Pass
5.0 168.0 2.53
7.5 112.0 1.69
10.0 84.0 1.26
12.5 67.2 1.01
15.0 56.0 0.84
17.5 48.0 0.72
20.0 42.0 0.63
25.0 33.6 0.51
30.0 28.0 0.42
35.0 24.0 0.36
40.0 21.0 0.32
45.0 6.99 18.7 0.28
50.0 16.8 0.25
60.0 14.0 0.21
70.0 12.0 0.18
80.0 10.5 0.16
90.0 9.3 0.14
100.0 15.56 8.4 0.126
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Chemigation Calibration

• Set center pivot speed for 0.28-inch.
• Pivot timer 45

Percent Timer Setting Irrigation Depth at 100
Percent Timer Setting Irrigation Depth Desired
Settings and Application Rate Settings and Application Rate Settings and Application Rate Settings and Application Rate
Speed, Feet / Minute Hours / Rev Inch(es) / Pass
45.0 6.99 18.7 0.28
100.0 15.56 8.4 0.126
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Chemigation Calibration

• Verify pivot speed
• Set the desired pivot speed ( 45 ).
• Run system wet at operating pressure.
• Take start and stop measures at the same points
  in the move / stop cycle.
• If terrain is rolling, check speed at several
  locations in rotation.
• Travel speed will change during the season.
• Variation in wheel track resistance due to soil
  surface cover, soil compaction, track depth.

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Chemigation Calibration
Travel Speed 67.8 feet in 10 minutes
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Chemigation Calibration

• Revolution Speed

Minutes / revolution 10 minutes
Minutes / revolution 67.8 feet
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Chemigation Calibration

• Revolution Speed

Minutes / revolution 10 minutes 7,841 feet
Minutes / revolution 67.8 feet revolution
1,156.5 min. ? 60 min. / hour 19.3 hours
Pivot Speed Settings and Application Rate Pivot Speed Settings and Application Rate Pivot Speed Settings and Application Rate Pivot Speed Settings and Application Rate
Speed, Feet / Minute Hours / Rev Inch(es) / Pass
40 6.22 21.0 0.32
45adj 6.78 19.3 ?
45 6.99 18.7 0.28
100 15.56 8.4 0.126
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Pivot Speed Settings and Application Rate Pivot Speed Settings and Application Rate Pivot Speed Settings and Application Rate Pivot Speed Settings and Application Rate
Speed, Feet / Minute Hours / Rev Inch(es) / Pass
30 0.27 28.0 0.42
35 1.09 24.0 0.36
40 2.17 21.0 0.32
? 0.30
45 3.26 18.7 0.28
50 4.34 16.8 0.25
100 5.43 8.4 0.126
Ratio 45 .28
Ratio ? .30
12.6 0.30? Or, ? 42
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Chemigation Calibration

• Determine application injection rate.
• Quantity
• 300 gallons
• Length of irrigation set
• 19.3 hours
• Injection rate per hour

300 gallons
19.3 hours
Gallons / Hour
15.54 gallons / hour
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Chemigation Calibration

• Determine application injection rate.
• Quantity
• 300 gallons
• Length of irrigation set
• 19.3 hours
• Injection rate per hour
• 15.54 gallons
• Pump capacity
• Rated 30 gallons per hour
• Actual 27 gallons per hour

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Injection Pump Setting

• Injection Rate 16.04 gallons / hour
• Pump capacity 27 gallons per hour

Setting of Pump Desired Injection Rate
Setting of Pump Pump Capacity
Setting of Pump 15.54 gallons per hour
Setting of Pump 27 gallons per hour
Pump Setting 58
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Factors Affecting Pump Output

• Factory-based specific drive shaft speed.
• Pump wear.
• Tolerances
• Bypass or leakage
• Pesticide formulation.
• Wettable powder v. emulsifiable concentrate
• Temperature
• Viscosity
• Thermo expansion / contraction

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Fine Tuning Calibration

• Pump adjustments
• 30-second time checks
• 5-minute final time check.

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Application Monitoring Record
Wind Wind Air Temperature Application Rate
Date Time Speed Direction Air Temperature Application Rate Observations

















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Questions