E-collaboration for healthcare (Telemedicine / E-prescription)

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Fellowship
Week 8
E-collaboration for healthcare (Telemedicine /
E-prescription)
Week 1 Day 1,2
ITI Smart Village
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Course Introduction

• "In the long history of humankind (and animal
  kind, too) those who learned
• to collaborate and improvise most effectively
  have prevailed."- Charles Darwin
• Discussing the past, the present and the future
  of collaboration gives a broad view on how we
  need to work interactively leading to better
  learning experiences in this course,
  collaboration, communication, cooperation,
  coordination, networking, and interactivity
  concepts will be explained more thoroughly,
  selecting the internet as an electronic way not
  only to view information, but also to contribute
  to society.
• In this course, workshops will be conducted using
  web 2.0 tools to enrich the learning experience.
  Applying the concepts of online/mass
  collaboration will focus mainly on health care
  this opens up two research topics e-Prescription
  and Telemedicine digging deeper in these topics
  would allow us to analyze more case studies,
  giving the ability to recommend the best online
  environment for healthcare professionals to
  support one another as well as supporting
  patients. E-Research tools will help in building
  up a digital online library to be used throughout
  the fellowship program.

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Course Objectives

• After the completion of this course trainees
  should be able to
• Understand what collaboration is and how to
  collaborate effectively
• Discuss the benefits of most web collaboration
  tools
• Apply concepts of online tutoring and communicate
  clearly
• Criticize some online virtual clinical practices
  constructively
• Identify problems and limitations of handwritten
  prescriptions
• List the potential benefits of electronic
  prescribing
• Describe the Sure Scripts and RxHub networks
• List the obstacles to widespread e-prescribing
• State the difference between telehealth and
  telemedicine
• List the various types of telemedicine such as
  teleradiology and teleneurology

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Course Objectives (Cont.)

• After the completion of this course trainees
  should be able to
• List the potential benefits of telemedicine to
  patients /clinicians
• Identify the different means of transferring
  information with telemedicine such as store and
  forward
• Describe the concepts of home and hospital
  telemonitoring
• Enumerate the most significant ongoing
  telemedicine projects
• Identify the multiple ways IT can improve
  research
• State the general benefits of research automation
• Describe the benefits of electronic collaborative
  web sites
• Describe the specific benefits of electronic
  forms
• Compare and contrast the pros and cons of PDA
  based e-forms
• Construct a knowledge base of resources on a
  well-classified library

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Week 1 - Agenda
What is collaboration? Terminologies Skills and
Sub skills Can we collaborate? Healthcare in
Egypt Workshop How to e-collaborate? E-framewo
rk E-learning E-collaboration ITS
(tutoring) Conclusion Demo Paper Guide
3 hours
2 hours
1 hour
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Healthcare Hierarchy of Needs
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Why collaborate?
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CollaborationYesterday, Today and Tomorrow
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History of CollaborationThe Tower of Babel

• About 4000 BCE
• Do you remember the story of the tower of Babel?
• King Nimrod wanted to build a tower to the
  heavens in order to wage war on Heaven and the
  Angels.
• Where did they go wrong?
• ARROGANCE (didnt understand their role in the
  universe) and
• SKEWED VALUES - lamented the lost bricks more
  than the lost people (who fell to their death).

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The Consequences?

• Suddenly each person spoke a different language
  and they were no longer able to COLLABORATE. The
  tower project failed.
• Ever since, weve had a difficult time in working
  together - and it is still true that avoiding
  ARROGANCE and VALUING PEOPLE ABOVE TECHNOLOGY are
  still important elements for success.
• Does anyone remember where exactly the Tower of
  Babel was constructed?

12/1/2020
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Information Technology Institute
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IRAQFull Storyhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tow
er_of_Babel
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Quick History of Collaboration Tools

• Writing 3200 BC (Sumerian cuniform)
• Printing Press (Gutenberg 1450)
• Photography (Daguerre 1839)
• Telephone(Bell 1876)
• Phonograph (Edison 1877)

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Quick History of Collaboration Tools (cont.)

• Movies (Lumiere 1895)
• Wireless (radio) (Tesla 1891 or Marconi 1895)
• Video Conferencing (Bell PicturePhone 1956)

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Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration
tools

• ARPANET 1969
• John Postel
• David Crocker
• Vint Cerf

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Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration
tools (cont.)

• Killer App 1 Email (Ray Tomlinson 1971)The
  first use of network email announced its own
  existence.

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Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration
tools (cont.)

• Graphical User Interface (1984 - 2495)
• NoteUseability andUser-Friendlyare
  important.

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E-learning History
Year Invention Invention
1861 Telegraph is Invented
1876 Telephone is Invented
1969 Computer Data Networking is Invented DARPANET/ARPANET
1971 Email is Invented
1971 Computer Conferencing is Invented
Mid 70's University course are supplemented by Email and Conferencing
Mid 70's Virtual Communities of Practice Scientists use EIES to collaborate
1981 First Totally online Courses (Non-formal, Adult Education) The Source EIES
1982 First Online Program (Executive Education) WBSI Executive Education (EIES)
1983 Networked Classroom Model Emerges (Primary and Secondary Schools) ICLN Research Project (4 countries) RAPPI Canada X-Cultural Project
1985 First Totally Online Graduate Courses Connect-Ed (New School of Social Research) OISE (University of Toronto)
1985 First Totally Online Labor Education Network Solinet Candian Union of Public Employees
1986 First Totally Online Undergraduate Classroom Virtual Classroom (NJIT)
1986 First Online Degree Program Connect-ED, 1989 (University of Phoenix)
1986 Online Professional Development Communities Emerge OISE Ontario Educators Online Courses
1989 Internet Launched
1989 First Large Scale Online Courses Open University (U.K.)
1992 World Wide Web is Invented CERN (Switzerland)
1993 First National Educational Networks 1993 SchoolNet (Canada)
1996 First Large Scale Online Education Field Trials Virtual-U Research Project
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Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration

• World Wide Web (1990 Time Berners-Lee _at_
  CERN)Berners-Lee related how difficult it was
  ten years ago when he was demonstrating the Web
  for the first time. Viewers seeing him progress
  from one document to another by clicking on links
  were nonplussed -- it's when the system scales
  that the advantages may be reaped.
• Total number of web sites in the world in 1990
  1.
• 2000- Semantic Web, WC3, and XML

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• Oracle

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Collaboration

• Working jointly together in order to gain
  competitive advantage
• Aims
• Increased efficiency (better service)
• Unified terminology, standards
• Raising awareness / more relevant cases
• Quality improvement (cost, services, time, risk)
• Training, more skills, and outsourcing
• Rapid diffusion of best practices
• Stimulation of new hybrids and combinations
• Availability of just-in-time expertise
• Faster positive feedback cycles
• Increasingly horizontal and distributed models of
  research and innovation.

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Terminologies

• Communication A message is sent from person A to
  person B, and person B acknowledges receipt.
  There could be simple or complex information
  transferred in this message.
• Interaction A message is sent from person A to
  person B, and person B acknowledges receipt, and
  person B sends a message back to person A in
  reply. The type of information that is
  transferred by an interaction is complex.
• Collaboration Multiple interactions occur
  between two or more people for the transfer of
  complex information for some common goal over a
  specified period of time.
• Coordination, cooperation, networking, etc.

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Directions of Collaboration

• Vertical Collaboration
• Sequential collaboration

• Horizontal Collaboration (Workgroup)
• Group collaboration
• Network collaboration

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Group and Network collaboration

• Collaboration of individuals and firms
• Virtual group meetings (Video conferencing)
• Analysis and decision support systems
• Virtual environments, e.g. awareness sessions
• Knowledge exchange
• Developing/accessing capabilities, skills,
  resources

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Levels of collaboration

• Collaboration is generally treated as meaning the
  cooperative way that two or more entities work
  together towards a shared goal. The Research Team
  developed the Levels of Collaboration scale,
  based on the work of other collaboration
  researchers (Hogue, 1993 Borden Perkins, 1998,
  1999) to measure progress over the five stages of
  collaboration.
• The five stages are described as

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Levels of collaboration (cont.)

• 1. Networking-Aware of organization
• -Loosely defined roles
• -Little communication
• -All decisions are made independently
• 2. Cooperation-Provide information to each other
• -Somewhat defined roles
• -Formal communication
• -All decisions are made independently

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Levels of collaboration (cont.)

• 3. Coordination-Share information and resources
• -Defined roles
• -Frequent communication
• -Some shared decision making
• 4. Coalition
• -Share ideas
• -Share resources
• -Frequent and prioritized communication
• -All members have a vote in decision making
• 5. Collaboration-Members belong to one system
• -Frequent communication is characterized by
  mutual trust
• -Consensus is reached on all decisions

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Collaboration levels of interaction
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Collaboration vs. C-Three, by Leo Denise
(Cooperation,
Coordination, and Communication)

• Collaboration...cooperation...coordination...commu
  nication. We tend to use these words
  interchangeably. All are presumed descriptors of
  what people need to do to work together
  effectively. Yet when these words are mixed
  together, mush results. Each term is different
  and each has not only strengths but also
  limitations.
• The CCCs of Togetherness
• Communication speaks to how persons understand
  each other and how information (not just facts,
  but policies, prospects, rumors, feelings,
  failures, and all other human experiences) is
  transferred in organizations. While lack of
  communication tops the problem list in most
  organizations, the diagnosis is a facile one for
  many reasons.

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Collaboration vs. C-Three, by Leo Denise
(Cooperation,
Coordination, and Communication)
(Cont.)

• Coordination, like communication, begins with an
  assumption of differences. Different persons,
  different units, different units create overlap,
  redundancy and/or separation without
  coordination. As in athletics, we are coordinated
  when the arms and legs move together. Everything
  falls into balance if not symmetry. Coordination
  is about efficiency and harmony.
• Unlike communication, however, coordination looks
  to inform each unit or part of the whole as to
  how and when it must act. Among the relationship
  betweenmajor coordination problems in any large
  organization is that between central office and
  field units. In many cases, coordination boils
  down to two conditions that people and units
  know what they are to do and when they are to do
  it and that they see the what they do and what
  the coordinated whole achieves.

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Collaboration vs. C-Three, by Leo Denise
(Cooperation,
Coordination, and Communication)
(Cont.)

• Cooperation is important but so is divergence. If
  someone has a very different idea to contribute
  to the groupperhaps as a challenge to its
  current directions, norms, or assumptions, is it
  non-cooperative to raise it? Much of creativity
  comes from the sparks of disagreement, dissent,
  and even conflict.
• Cooperation too often becomes a call for
  increased socialization to a culture, not a
  prompt for high performance. Also, one opposite
  of cooperative is competitive. Do we deny that
  competitive juices can be useful? Consider
  also that virtually all of what we call
  strategy is about competitive or comparative
  advantage. Cooperative thinking is rarely the
  same as strategic insight.

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Collaboration vs. C-Three, by Leo Denise
(Cooperation,
Coordination, and Communication)

• Collaboration is not about agreement. It is about
  creation. As Michael Schrage puts it in his book,
  Shared Minds
• ...collaboration is the process of shared
  creation two or more individuals with
  complementary skills interacting to create a
  shared understanding that none had previously
  possessed or could have come to on their own.
  Collaboration creates a shared meaning about a
  process, a product, or an event. In this sense,
  there is nothing routine about it.
• Something is there that wasnt there before.
• Collaboration is distinct from each of the C
  words defined earlier. Unlike communication, it
  is not about exchanging information. It is about
  using information to create something new. Unlike
  coordination, collaboration seeks divergent
  insight and spontaneity, not structural harmony.
• And unlike cooperation, collaboration thrives on
  differences and requires the sparks of dissent.
  If we use this rigor to define collaboration, we
  will use the word much less frequently to
  describe what we do.

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Collaboration vs. Cooperation and Coordination
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More into Collaboration
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More into Collaboration
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The Main Idea of collaboration

• is of working together
• sharing of planning, making decisions, solving
  problems, setting goals, assuming responsibility,
  working together cooperatively, communicating,
  and coordinating openly (Baggs Schmitt, 1988).
  http//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/499266_2

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Collaborative Processes

1. Team Creation
2. Idea Generation
3. Decision-Making
4. Work or Production
5. Evaluation or Recap

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Team Creation

• connecting
• Katzenbach and Smith
• Small numbers of people - lt 12
• Complementary skills in group members
• Common purposes for working
• Performance goals agreed upon
• Shared working approaches
• Mutual accountability amongst all members

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_method
The Wisdom of Teams. New York, NY HarperCollins,
2003.
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Idea Generation

• creating
• Brainstorming
• Concept mapping / mind mapping
• Breakdown (analysis)
• Storyboarding
• Role Play
• Etc.

http//creatingminds.org/tools/tools_ideation.htm
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Decision-Making

• deciding
• Autocratic
• Hand-clasping and cliques
• Consensus
• Deliberative Processes
• Polling
• Voting (voting mechanisms)

http//www.csuchico.edu/sac/leaders/grpdecision.ht
ml
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Work or Production

• producing
• Functions execution, tracking, timelining and
  optimizing
• Separate roles and responsibilities individual
  work
• Iterative (eg. Word Update)
• Common Environment (Music and Lyrics)

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Evaluation or Recap

• reflecting
• Tabulation of expectations and results
• Surveying, polling
• Scoring and measurement against objective
  standards
• Story-telling, lessons learned
• Collection of best practices

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Challenges collaborating using Technology

• Communication among PEOPLE is hard
• Lack of common language in between users
• Tools takes the focus over what you want to
  accomplish
• Waste time on the Internet
• Your online/virtual/electronic image should be
  professional

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E-Learning

• Source WR Hambrecht Co

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E-Learning Scenario
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Internet
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Collaboration E-learning

• E-collaboration
• Must involve Social Media

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Leslie Bradshaw Ag Comm July 22, 2010
President Co-Founder JESS3 Principal
Partner Bradshaw Vineyards
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Medicine 2.0
http//web2097.blogspot.com
Victor Castilla MD
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What is Medicine?

• Medicine combines both science as the evidence
  base and art in the application of this medical
  knowledge in combination with intuition and
  clinical judgment to determine the treatment plan
  for each patient.

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What is Web 2.0 ?

• "Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the
  computer industry caused by the move to the
  internet as platform, and an attempt to
  understand the rules for success on that new
  platform.
• Tim O'Reilly (2006-12-10). Web 2.0 Compact
  Definition Trying Again.

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What Web 2.0 is about ?
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Web 2.0 Services
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Web 2.0 Medicine Medicine 2.0
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What is Medicine 2.0 ?

• Medicine 2.0 is about realizing the potential of
  today's technology in Healthcare.
• Medicine 2.0 is about working together.
• Medicine 2.0 is about getting closer to
  colleagues and patients.

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Why Medicine 2.0?

• It helps medical practitioners who needs lifelong
  learning to use the web to improve their
  practice.
• Because it is a wonderful resource for studying,
  lifelong learning and community learning.
• http//www.slideshare.net/maxedmond/how-web-20-is
  -changing-medicine-39262/ by jessenfelix

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Tools of Medicine 2.0 ?

• Blogs
• RSS
• Podcast
• Webcast
• Wikis
• Medical Search
• Content Sharing Sites
• Virtual World
• Online Communities
• Online Companies
• e-books
• e-learning
• Online Writing, etc

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Why to use it?

• To save time
• To share knowledge and experience
• To create knowledge
• To collaborate with others
• To communicate more efficiently
• To participate actively
• To change the medicine

This was created by Scott Shreeve, MD
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Additional Resources

• Change Management Book
• Our iceberg is melting http//www.kotterinternati
  onal.com/kotterprinciples/OurIceberg.aspx
• Online course http//www.leadingboldchange.com/pr
  ework/Demo/index.html
• E-collaboration course blog
• hifellowship.wordpress.com

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Assignment (01)

• Download a journal or conference paper
• Main resource Scholar.google.com
• 1- It has to be related to collaboration in
  healthcare
• 2- Summarize what you read and understood and
  state how it can be useful for healthcare in
  Egypt
• 3- Submission is in two or three pages max.
• 4- Deadline (Saturday 31 july, 2010)
• Send by email to hi.fellowship_at_gmail.com
• 5- Subject of the email has to be (Assignment 01
  Your Name)
• Good Luck ?

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Thanks
Amena Safwat amenas_at_mcit.gov.eg

• HI Fellowship Program
• RD Department
• Information Technology Institute