Music: An Appreciation 8th Edition by Roger Kamien

1
Music An Appreciation8th Editionby Roger
Kamien

• ????
• The Classical Period
• 1750-1820

Presentation Development Robert
Elliott University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff
2
????Classical Period

• Time-line
• Seven Years War-1756-1763
• Louis XVI in France-1774-1792
• Am. Declaration of Independence-1776
• French Revolution-1789
• Napoleon first French consul-1799
• Napoleonic Wars-1803-1815
• Goethe Faust-1808
• Austin Pride and Prejudice-1813

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The Classical Era

• Scientific advances changed world view

• Faith in the power of reason
• Undermining of traditional authority

• Social organization
• Religious establishment

• Age of Enlightenment

• Rise of the middle class worker

• Visual Art

• Moved away from ornate Baroque style

• Note picture p. 147

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Chpt. 1 ????

• ??? ?1730?????1770??

• ?????????????????????(1717-1788,??C.P.E.??)
  ?Johann Christian(1735-1782,??J.C.??)

• ????????????????????

• Joseph Haydn??
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart???
• Ludwig van Beethoven???

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Chpt. 1-The Classical Style
???????

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• ???????????,?????????

• ???????

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Chpt. 1- The Classical Style
?????????

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• Still smaller than that of today

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• ????

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Chpt. 1- The Classical Style
????

• ??????????????????????

• ?????????

• 1st????
• 2nd????

• 3rd???????
• 4th????

• Multi-movement works for instrumental groups

• ?????????
• ?????(String quartet)????????????,??????
• ???(Sonata)???????????

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Chpt. 2???????????????

• ????

• ??(Haydn)??????????????
• ???(Mozart) at court, broke away, died broke
• ???(Beethoven)????????????

• ??????,?????????????????????(???????? )

• ???,??????????

• ????????,?????????

• Rise of instrument manufacture industry
• Composers wrote playable music that would sell

• ??????????????????

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Chpt. 2- Composer, Patron, and Public

• ????????????????

• ???????????????

• ?????????,????????????

• Musicians, including Mozart and Beethoven,
  frequently played gigs in wealthy homes

• ?????????????

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Chpt. 3????

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• ?????????????

• ??????????

• ???(Exposition)

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• ????????

• ???(Development)

• ????????
• ??????????????

• ???(Recapitulation)

• ?????????
• ?????????

• ??(Coda)

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Listening
Chpt. 3-Sonata Form

• ????G?????,??? , K. 550(1788)
• First movement
• Listening Guide
• Note Sonata Form
• Exposition
• Development
• Recapitulation
• Coda

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Chpt. 4???????

• Single part formno large contrasting B section
• (A A A A)

• ?????,?????

• ??????????????
• ????????????
• ?????????????????????????

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Listening
Chpt. 4-Theme and Variations

• ?????G???????,??
• (Surprise Symphony 1791)
• Second Movement
• Listening Guide p. 210
• Brief Set, CD 210
• Note Theme and Variations form

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?????????

• Ternary form based upon stately court dance of
  the Baroque

• Each ternary part is itself ternary

Minuet Trio Minuet
A B A
a b a
c d c
a b a

• Return of the Minuet is usually marked on the
  music as da capo

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Listening
Chpt. 5-Minuet and Trio

• Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music
  1787), K. 525
• by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• Third Movement
• Listening Guide p. 212 Brief Set, CD 232
• Note Minuet and Trio form
• Minuet Trio Minuet
• A B A
• a b a c d c a b a
  

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Chpt. 6????(Rondo)

• ????????

• ???????,????????????

• ???????

• A B A C A (small rondo)
• A B A C A B A (large rondo)

• Note the similarity to modern pop-music form

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Listening
Chpt. 6-Rondo

• String Quartet in C Minor, Op. 18, No. 4
  (1798-1800)
• by Ludwig van Beethoven
• Fourth movement
• Listening Guide p. 214
• Brief Set, CD 235
• Note Rondo form
• A B A C A B A

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Chpt. 7?????

• ?????????,????????????????

• ????????????

• 1st Fast1st???????????

• 2nd Slow????????????ABA???,????????
• 3rd Dance????,??????????
• 4th Fast????,???????????

• ????????????,??????

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Chpt. 8?????

• ???????????????

• ??????

• FastSlowFast (no Minuet )

• ??????????????????????????

• ????????,??????????

• Solo break where orchestra stops waits
• ???????????????

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Chpt. 9?????

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• ????????????,??????
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• Usually FastSlowDanceFast

• ????????????

• ??????(???????)
• ?????(??????????)
• ?????(?????????, ???)

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?????? (Joseph Haydn)

• 1732-1809early and mid-Classical Period Austrian
  composer (long life)

• Talent recognized early

• Age 8sent to Vienna to be a choir boy
• Dismissed from schoolvoice changed
• Worked in Vienna and continued studies

• ??????????Esterhazy???

• ???????????
• Became famous in Europe at this time
• Moved to Vienna at Princes death

• Made concert trip to London

• Prolific composer

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(No Transcript)
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Listening
Chpt. 10-Joseph Haydn

• Trumpet Concerto in E Flat Major (1796) by
  Haydn
• Third movement
• Listening Guide p. 226
• Basic Set, CD 344
• Note Virtuoso trumpet part for soloist
• Combination of sonata-allegro and
• rondo forms called sonata-rondo

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??? ??? Wolfgang Mozart

• 1756-1791 (mid-Classical composer)

• Austrian

• Son of a professional musician
• Leopold Mozart, violin, worked for Archbishop of
  Salzburg

• Child prodigy

• At 25freelance musician in Vienna

• Partly due to winning the Emperors favor
• Initially successful, then novelty wore off

• Final piece was a Requiem that was finished by
  one of his students

• Very prolific, note short life span

• Wrote in all Classical genres

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(No Transcript)
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Listening
Chpt. 11-Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• Don Giovanni (1787) by Mozart
• Act I Introduction
• Listening Guide p. 231
• Brief Set, CD 31
• Don Giovanni has slipped into the room of Donna
  Anna. Leporello worriedly waits outside.
• Donna Anna is not happy to see Don Giovanni.
• Her father, the Commandant, catches him. They
  fight a duel and the Commandant is killed.

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Listening
Chpt. 11-Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• Don Giovanni (1787) by Mozart
• Leporellos catalog aria (Madamina)
• Listening Guide p. 236
• Basic Set, CD 355
• Donna Elvira, an earlier conquest of Don
  Giovannis, tries to see him again.
• Leporello intercepts her and attempts to
  discourage her by reading a list, or catalog, of
  the women Don Giovanni has been with.

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Listening
Chpt. 11-Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• Symphony No. 40 in G Minor (1788)
• by Mozart (K. 550)
• Mvt. 1Molto allegro
• Listening Guide p. 240 Brief Set, CD 217
• Mvt. 2Andante
• Listening Guide p. 242 Basic Set, CD 31
• Mvt. 3Menuetto (Allegretto)
• Listening Guide p. 243 Basic Set, CD 313
• Mvt. 4Allegro assai (very fast)
• Listening Guide p. 244 Basic Set, CD 316

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Listening
Chpt. 11-Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• Piano Concerto No. 23 in A Major (1786)
• by Mozart (K. 488)
• First movement
• Listening Guide p. 244
• Brief Set, CD 35
• Note Sonata form
• Cadenza near end of movement (one of
• few notated by Mozart)

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??????? Beethoven

• 1770-1827late Classical, German

• Son of a professional musician

• Father, Johann, was a singer abusive alcoholic
• Forced the boy to study music (wanted )

• Financially successful as freelance musician

• Believed in periods societal changes

• Wrote final pieces while totally deaf

• Died in Vienna

• 20,000 people attended funeral

• Wrote in all Classical genres

• 9 symphonies
• 16 string quartets

• 5 concertos
• 1 opera

• Many other sonatas and other works

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(No Transcript)
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Listening
Chpt. 12-Ludwig van Beethoven

• Piano Sonata in C Minor, Op. 13
• (Pathetique, 1798)
• by Beethoven
• First movement (Grave-solemn, slow intro.)
• Listening Guide p. 261
• Basic Set, CD 48
• Note Extreme dynamic contrasts accents
• Unexpected pauses
• More use of dissonance than previous
• composers

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Listening
Chpt. 12-Ludwig van Beethoven

• Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67
• by Beethoven (1808)
• Mvt. 1Allegro con brio
• Listening Guide p. 261 Brief Set, CD 239
• Mvt. 2Andante con moto
• Listening Guide p. 263 Brief Set, CD 247
• Mvt. 3Allegro (scherzo)
• Listening Guide p. 265 Brief Set, CD 253
• Mvt. 4Allegro
• Listening Guide p. 266 Brief Set, CD 257