SCLC Moves North: The 1966 Chicago Campaign - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SCLC Moves North: The 1966 Chicago Campaign

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Title: SCLC Moves North: The 1966 Chicago Campaign


1
SCLC Moves NorthThe 1966 Chicago Campaign
  • HIS 265

2
Background Chicago
  • Chicago had de facto residential segregation like
    most Northern cities
  • Redlining made it difficult to get mortgages
    insurance on the South West Sides
  • 285 out of 316 Chicago insurance companies
    redlined in 1960
  • Rates sometimes 700 higher for blacks
  • Blacks had separate National Association of Real
    Estate Brokers because excluded from white
    National Association of Real Estate Boards
  • Black homeownership increased 103 from 1960-1970
  • Chicago NAACP was largest chapter over 50,000
    members by 1960
  • 10,000 marched to GOP convention in July to
    demand civil rights plank in platform
  • Aug. 29 wade-in at Rainbow Beach touched off riot
    when Velma Murphy hit with rock

3
Progress in Residential Desegregation
  • 1866 Civil Rights Act barred housing
    discrimination, but govt couldnt enforce
  • Supreme Court ruled in NAACPs favor
  • Buchanan v. Warley (1917) struck down residential
    segregation ordinances
  • Shelly v. Kraemer (1948) outlawed restrictive
    covenants
  • 1962 Housing Act ended discrimination in
    federally owned or funded housing

4
Focusing on de facto segregation
  • Watts Riot (1965) shook King
  • Illustrated that gains had only addressed de jure
    segregation in South
  • L.A. blacks were openly hostile to King
  • SCLC invited to Chicago by Jim Bevel, head of
    Coordinating Council of Community Organizations

King Young, 1965
5
Chicago Freedom Movement, 1966
  • Launched Jan. 1966 with 2 main goals
  • Ending de facto residential segregation
    challenging Chicago Real Estate Board
  • Operation Breadbasket (headed by Jesse Jackson)
    put pressure on businesses to hire more African
    Americans
  • Supporters opponents
  • Supporters United Packinghouse Workers United
    Auto Workers, Catholic Interracial Council,
    Chicago Conference on Religion Race
  • Opponents Rev. Joseph Jackson (NBC head), Mayor
    Richard Daley Black Muslims
  • Campaign had only modest success
  • Riots in mid-July left 2 dead over 80 injured
  • Threatened march into Cicero led to Palmer House
    Summit (Aug. 29), where Chicago Real Estate Board
    agreed to withdraw opposition to open housing
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