MATTER AND ITS CHANGES

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MATTER AND ITS CHANGES
Created by Mrs. Dismukes
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THE THREE STATES OF MATTER
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Vocabulary Words

• Matter
• Mass
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

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What is Matter?
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MASS
Mass is the amount of matter that something
contains. A large heavy object such as an
elephant has a lot of mass. A small, light
object such as a maple leaf
has much less mass.
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Solids
A solid is matter that has a definite shape and
takes up a definite amount of space. The
particles in a solid are close together, like
neat and even stacks of tiny balls. Each particle
moves back and forth around one point. This
arrangement of particles gives a solid its
definite shape.
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Liquid
A liquid is matter that takes the shape of its
container and takes up a definite amount of
space. When matter is a liquid, its particles
slip and slide around each other. The particles
dont keep the same neighborsthey move from
place to place. But they still stay close to
each other.
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Gas
A gas is matter that has no definite shape and
takes up no definite amount of space. Like
particles in liquids, the particles in gases are
not arranged in any pattern. Unlike particles in
liquids, however, particles in gases do not stay
close together. This is because particles in
gases are moving much faster than particles in
liquids. A gas always fills the container it is
in.
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How can a liquid be changed to a solid?
By taking away heat
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Summary

• Matter takes up space. Matter is made of
  particles. Particles in solid matter stay close
  together and move back and forth
• around one point. Particles
• in liquid matter stay close together but move
  past each other. Particles in a gas are spread
• far apart.

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How can mass be measured and compared?
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Vocabulary Words

• Density
• Volume

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DENSITY
OR
cereal
raisins
Which was more dense? The cup of raisins or the
cup of cereal? Why?
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The Raisins
The property of matter that compares the amount
of matter to the space taken up is called
density.
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Volume

• Matter has mass and takes up space. The amount
  of space that matter takes up is called its
  volume.

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How is mass measured?
Mass is measured with a pan balance.
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Measuring Volume

• Irregular Solid
• Measure ml of water
• Submerge object
• Measure ml of water again
• Subtract to find the volume
• 100ml100ccm

• Regular Solid
• VLxWxH

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Measuring Density

• Density mass ?volume
• A red ball has a mass of 100 grams and a volume
  of 200 cubic centimeters. A blue ball has a mass
  of 5 grams and a volume of 10 cubic centimeters.
  Which ball has the greatest density?
• 100?2000.5 g/ccm RED BALL
• 5?100.5 g/ccm BLUE BALL
• They have the SAME density.

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Summary

• All matter has mass and volume. Mass is the
  amount of matter in an object. The space that
  matter takes up in is called volume. Density
  compares the amount of matter in an object to the
  amount of space it takes up. You can find the
  density of an object by dividing its mass by its
  volume.

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What are some
useful properties
of Matter?
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Vocabulary

• Solution
• Dissolve

• Solubility
• Buoyancy

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Solution

• A solution is a mixture in which the particles of
  different kinds of matter are mixed evenly with
  each other.

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Dissolve
Which One Will Dissolve?
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The Lemonade Mix
When one material forms a solution with another
material, we say it DISSOLVES. Lemonade in water
forms a solution the marble in water does not.
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Solubility

• What is solubility?
• The measure of the amount of a material that will
  dissolve in another material.
• SOLU---BILITY
• The ability of one substance to dissolve in
  another.

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BUOYANCY

• BUOYANCY
• The ability of matter to float in a liquid or
  gas.

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Summary
Solutions are mixtures in which the particles are
mixed evenly. Some matter dissolves in water and
some does not. Matter that is less dense than
water floats on water. Buoyancy can be
controlled by changing density.
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What are chemical and physical changes?
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What are chemical and physical changes?

• Physical changes A change in the shape size, or
  state of the substance.
• Chemical changes A change that produces one or
  more new substances and may release energy.
• Chemical reaction another term for chemical
  change.

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Chemical Changes

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Physical Changes
Sugar Cubes
Powdered Sugar
Rock Candy
Table Sugar
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SUMMARY
Physical changes are changes to the size or shape
of a substance such as cutting or folding and
changes of state such as melting, freezing, and
boiling. During physical changes, no new
substances are formed. Chemical changes, or
chemical reactions, form new substances. Changes
in color or releases of energy show chemical
changes have taken place. Burning and rusting
are examples of chemical changes.
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THE END
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Resources

• WWW.BJBARTON.COM
• http//www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_states.html
• http//www.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/textbook/whatisma
  tter.html
•  Harcourt Science Book, 4th grade, 2002.