Yuriy Posudin

1
?. ???????. ?????????? ???????? ? ????????
???????????????? 18?????????????

• ?????????????
• ???????????? ??
• ????-???? ??????,
• ? ????? ???????????????? ??????????????, ?????,
  ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ? ????? ??????????
  ????????????? ??????????, ?????????
  ??????????????, ? ????????? ????.

Yuriy Posudin Environmental Monitoring with
Fundamentals of Metrology Lecture
18 BIOREMEDIATION
2
In Situ ????????????? ????????? ???

• ????????????? in situ ????????? ??? ????? ?????
  ??????????, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????????
  ???????? ??????????????? ? ????? ??????????????
  ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????????
  ????.

?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????
?????????? ?????????? ???????????, ?????????? ?
????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?? ???????
??????????? ????.
3
In Situ ????????????? ????????? ???

• ??? ??? ????????????? ???????? ????
  ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????
  ??????????, ?? ???? ????????????? ?????
  ??????????, ???? ??????? ??????????????, ???
  ??????????????? ?? ??????????. ??????? ????
  ?????????? ? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????,
  ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????.

4
In Situ ????????????? ????????? ???

• ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????
  ???????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????
  ???????????????. ? ????? ????? ??????????? ????
  ?????????? ??
• 1. ????????? ?????
• 2. ????????? ???????? ???????.

5
????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????
?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????
????????????? in situ ?????????????. ???? ????,
?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????
????????????? ?? ????????. ????? ????
????????????, ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??
??????? ?????????? ????? (Arteriola et al., 2004)
.
6
??????????

• ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????
  ?????????? ????????? ??????????. ? ?????
  ???????????? ??????, ? ????? ?????? ?????? ????
  ????????? ??? ??????????, ???????? ? ???.
• ???????????? ??????????? ? ????????????
  ??????????? ???? ??? ???????????????
  ???????????????, ?? ????????????? ? ?????.

???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??
???????? ??????. ??????????? ?????????? ?
??????????? ?????.
7
??????????

• ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????
  ???????????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????
  ?????????? ?????????, ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???
  ????????.

8
BioreactorHydrologix Bioreactor System, at a
Tyson Food Plant processing 75,000 gpd.
The contaminants that can be treated include
Diesel Oil, PCB's, Herbicides, Gasoline, PCP's,
Pesticides, Aviation Fuel, PAHs, Nitroaromatics
(TNT etc), Bunker C, Cyanide, Heating Oil,
BTEX,TCE-Dichlorethane, Chlorinated Aromatics,
Phosphorous, and Heavy Metals.
9
????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????

• ???????? (? ??????????? ?????) ????? ???????
  ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????
  ??????????? (??????) ?? ??????????? ???????????
  ?????????????? (??????)
• ?????????? (? ??????????? ????????) ?????
  ???????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ??????????
  ???????????.

10
????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????

• ????????
• ?????? ????????????, ?? ????????? ??? ?????????
  ????????? ??????????? ????? ? ??????????? ????
• ?? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?, ????, ????
  ????????
• ???????????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ????
• ???? ??????????????? ? ?????????? ? ??????
  ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????, ???????????
  ???????
• ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????
  ??????????.
• ????????
• ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????????
  ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????
• ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????
  (??????, ???????)
• ?????? ???????????? ????????????? (??????? ???
  50000 ppm) ?????? ???? ??????????.

11
???????????? (Bioventing)

• ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????????. ??
  ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????,
  ??????? ???? ????????????? ????? ??????? ?????
  ?????????? ????, ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??
  ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????.
  ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????
  ?????????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???
  ????????.

12
????????????
13
????????????

• ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????
  (???), ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????????????
  ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???
  ???????????? ????????????? ?????????????
  ????????? ? ??????? ?????????, ??? ????????
  ???????????.
• ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????
  ?????????? ??? ????? ????????????? ??
  ????????????? (??????, ???????, ???????? ??????).

14
????????????

• ????????
• ?? ???????? ????????? ??????????
• ???????????????? ??????????? ????
• ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????????
• ??????? ???????? ???? ??? 2 ??????? ?? 2 ?????
• ???????? ??????? 45-140 ?? ????? ??????
• ????? ???????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????????.
• ????????
• ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????
  ???? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ?? ??????
  ??????.
• ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? (?
  ??????? ???????????, ?????).

15
????????? ???????? ???????

• ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????
  ??????????, ?????? ?? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ????
  ?? ??????. ? ????? ???? ???????? ???????????
  ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? (???. ?????????
  ???????).
• ???? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????
  ?????????????? ??? ????????, ?????? ?? ????????
  (?NP), ? ???? 100101.

16
????????? ???????????????

• ???? ? ?????? ? ????????? ??????
  ???????????????,??? ?????????? ??????????? ???
  ????????? ? ?????? ???????????, ???????? ???????
  ? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????????.
• ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????????
  (bioaugmentation). ?? ?????????????? ??????
  ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????, ??? ????????????
  ???????? ?????? ?????????.
• ???, ????????, ???????? Deinococcus radiodurans
  ???? ???????????? ???, ??? ????????? ?????? ??
  ????? ????? ? ????????????? ????????.

17
????????? ???????????????

• ????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ???????
  ????????????? ??????? ???.
• Mi???????????? B. licheniformis, B.
  thurengensis, B. polymyxa, B. sterothemophilus,
  Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Flavobacterium,
  Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces,
  Saccaromyces, Triphoderma ????.

18
????????? ???????????????

• ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????
  ???????????????
• 1. ???? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????,
  ??? ?????? ??????
• 2. ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????????
  ??????, ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????
  ?? ????? ???????????.

19
?????????????????????

• ?? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????? ???? ??????????
  ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????, ? ????? ??????????.

• ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????????
  ???????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??????.

20
??????????????

• ??????????????
• (??? ????????? ?????
• phyto (???????) ??
• ??????????? remedium (???????????? ??????, or
  remediating) ???????? ????????, ? ???? ???????
  ?????????????? ??? ??????????, ????????????,
  ????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ?
  ??????????? ????????????? ??????????, ??? ???????
  ??.

21
??????????????

• ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? 1991 ???? ?
  ?????????? U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Superfund Program (Raskin et al., 1994) ????,
  ???? ?????????, ?? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???
  ???????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?? 300 ?????
  ???? (Phytoremediation. Transformation and
  Control, 2003).

22
??????????????

• ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ????????,
  ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????, ???????
  ????????, ????????????? ?? ?????????????.

23
??????????????

• ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?????????
  (Kvesitadze et al., 1997)
• ????????????????? (??????????????)
• ?????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????????????.
• ??????????????.

24
???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????
????????? ????? ?? ? ?????
Courtesy of Prof. S.Kays, University of Georgia,
USA, 2008
25
?????????????????

• ????????????????? (??????????????) ??????????,
  ??????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????
  ?????????? ? ??????, ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??
  ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????????
  ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??
  ????????? ?????? ???????????.

26
?????????????????
27
????????? ?????????????????
???????? ????????
????????? ??????????? ??????

• ? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????
  ?????????? ?????????????????
• 1. ????????? ????????? ?????????, ??? ??????
  ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????????
  ??????????.
• 2. ????????? ?????????, ????? ?????????
  ??????????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?????????????
  ????????????.

28
???????? ????????

• ?????? 100 ???????????? ?????????, ????????? ?
  ?????? ?? ???????????????, ?????? ????
  ??????????? ? ??????????????.
• ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????
  ????????? ????????????.
• ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????
  P-450, ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????.

29
???????? ?450

• ??????, ?? ???????? ?450 2E1 (CYP2E1) ? ????????
  ?????????, ?? ???? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????
  ?? ?????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????
  ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??
• trichloroethylene (TCE),
• vinyl chloride (VC),
• carbon tetrachloride (CT),
• benzene,
• ?hloroform,
• and bromodichloromethane (BDCM),
• ?? ? ????????????? ??? ???????
• ??????.

30
????????? ?????????

• ?? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??
  ???????????? ??????????? ??????, ??? ??????? ???
  ??? ????, ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ???????? ???, ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?
  ?????? ????????, ???????????? in vitro ?
  ????????, ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????
  ????.

31
??????????????

• ????????????? ?????????? ?????????????
  ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????????? ?
  ???????? ???????.

32
?????????????
33
??????????????

• ??????, ? ????????????? ????????? (Helianthus
  annuus),
• ?????, ??? ?? ????????? ?????????, ?? ?? ????
  ???????? ? ?????????.

34
??????????????

• ?????? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ???????????? ????????
  (Thlaspi caerulescens) ???????????????? ???
  ??????? ?? ?????, ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????
  ??????.

35
??????????????

• ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? (Brassica
  juncea), ???????? (Ambrosia artemisiifolia),
  ??????? (Apocynum cannabinum), ??? ??????, ???
  ????????? ??????? ? ????? ???????.

36
??????????????

• ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????
  ???????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????
  ?????? ? ?????, ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????
  ?????.

37
?????????????????

• ????????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????
  ???????????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?
  ????????? ????????? ????????????????? ? ?????
  ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??????????.

38
?????????????????
39
????????????????

• ???????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????,
  ??? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????, ??
  ??????? ???????, ???????? ?? ?????????
  ??????????.

40
????????????????
41
??????????????

• ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????
  ?????????? ???????????????? ? ????, ?? ??????
  ???????? ??????? ???????.

42
??????????????
43
?????????????? ?? ????? ?????????????, ??
?????????? ???????????? ????, ??? ????????? ?????
???????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ?????????
????????? ??????????
Polluted Water
Light
Filters
Pump
Clean Water
Recirculation Loop
44
??????? ?? ??????? ???
45
??????? ?? ??????? ???
46
??????? ?? ??????? ???

• The four plants used in the study were Peace Lily
  (Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel), Snake Plant
  (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain), Weeping Fig
  (Ficus benjamina L.), and Areca Palm
  (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens Wendl.).
• The results were compared to empty containers to
  verify the absence of contaminants. A total of 23
  volatile compounds were found in Peace Lily, 16
  in Areca Palm, 13 in Weeping Fig, and 12 in Snake
  Plant.

Dong Sik Yang, Ki-Cheol Son and Stanley J. Kays.
Volatile Organic Compounds Emanating fromIndoor
OrnamentalPlants. HortScience, 44 396-400 (2009)
47
??-?? ???????
48
?????????? ?????? ?? ????????????

• ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?
  ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????????
  ???? ? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ???
  ????? ???? ????????? ??????????? , ??????????,
  ??????????????? ?? ?????????? 1 ?3 ????????????
  ?????? ?????? 2100. ???? ? ??? 200-300 ????
  ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????????
  ????????????? ? ???? ?? ??????.

• ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ??
  ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????
  ????????. ????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ?????
  ???????????? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ???????
  ??????????, ??????????? ?? ???? ???????, ???
  ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????
  ??????????, ???????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?
  ???????? ????.

49
?????????????? ?????????????

• ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ? 137Cs,
  90Sr, 234,235,238U, 238-241Pu.
• ??????????? ????????????? ? ?? ???????????
  ???????? ???????????. ???? ????????????
  ??????????? ? ?????, ???? ??? ?????????? ?
  ?????????? ??????????, ??? ??????????? ?
  ?????????? ???????.
• ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????
  ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ????????? ????????.

50
?????????????? ?????????????

• ???? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ???
  ?????????? ? ???, ???? ?????? ???????????? ???
  ??????, ??????????????? ??? ????????????
• ???? ???????????? ??????????? ? ??????????
  ???????, ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????
  ????? ?? ??????.

51
?????????????? ?????????????

• ????????????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ??????????????,
  ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????????????? ??
  ??????????????.
• ?????????????? (??? ????????????????) ??
  ????????? ????????????? ? ?????? ?? ?????????
  ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????.
• ??? ????? ???????????? ????, ?? ????? ??????
  ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ????????
  ?????? ???????. ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????
  ?????, ???? ? ?????? ???? ???????, ?????
  ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????
  ????, ????? ???????????.

52
?????????????? ?????????????

• ?????????? ?????????????? ? ?? ????????? ???????
  ????? in situ, ????? ??? ????????? ?????????
  ????????.
• ??-?????, ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????????
  ????? ?????????????? ? ????? ?? ?????????.
• ??-?????, ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ???
  ????????? ??????????? ? ??????????????.

53
?????????????? ?????????????

• ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????
  ????????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????????
  ??????????? ????????????? (???), ???? ????????
  ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ? ?????
  ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ?
  ?????????? ???????.
• ???, ??? ??? ??? 137?s ?????? ??? 0,01 ??
  1,0 ??? ???????? ?? 38-165 ??? ?????? ???
  ????? 0,01- 0,0001 ??? ???????? 0,0001.
• ?????? ?????????????? 137Cs ?? 90Sr ????
  ??????? ??? 5 ?? 20 ?????, ??? ????????? ???????
  ???????? ??????.
• ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????
  25-100 ?? ????? ?????? ?? 0,6-6,0 ?? 1 ?????
  (3,786 ?) ???? .

54
Tree, grass, and forb species able to accumulate
radionuclides
Tree Species  Radionuclide Grass and Forb Species Radionuclide
Red maple (Acer rubrum) 137Cs, 238Pu, 90Sr Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) 137Cs
Liquidambar stryaciflua 137Cs, 238Pu, 90Sr F. rubra 137Cs
Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) 137Cs, 238Pu, 90Sr Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) 137Cs
Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) 137Cs White clover (Trifolium repens) 137Cs
Montery pine (Pinus radiata)   137Cs, 90Sr Chickweed (Cerastium fontanum) 137Cs
Ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa) 137Cs, 90Sr Bentgrass (Agrostis plant communities) 137Cs
Forest redgum (Eucalyptus  tereticornis) 137Cs, 90Sr Redroot (Amaranthus retroflexus cv. belozernii, aureus, and Pt-95) 137Cs
Black spruce (Picea mariana) U  Beet, quinoa, and Russian thistle (Chenopodiaceae) 137Cs, 90Sr
Oak  (Quercus) U  Umbelliferae and Legume family 90Sr
Juniper (Juniperus) U  Spiderwort (Tradescantia bracteata)   ??????????? ????????? ????????????? 
55
?????????????? ?????????????

• ?????????? ? ????? ???? ?????????????? ? ???????
  ? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????, ???
  ?????? ????????? ??????????????, ??? ? ??????????
  ????????? ????????? ????????, ?? ??????? ???
  ??????????????.

56
?????????????? ?????????????

• ??? ???? ?????? ? ?????????????? ? ????? ????
  ?????????????? ???????? (Helianthus annuus) ??
  ?????? ??????? (Eichornia crassippes). 
• ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????
  ????????????? (137Cs, U, 90Sr) ???????? ???????
  ????? ??? ???? (Negri and Hinchman 2000). 
• ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????,
  ?????????? ????????????? 137Cs ??????? ????
  ??????? 4900-8600 (Negri and Hinchman 2000). 

At a contaminated wastewater site in Ashtabula,
Ohio, 4 week old sunflowers were able to remove
more than 95 of uranium in 24 hours (Dushenkov
et al.  1998). 
57
Adsorption-Enhanced PhytoremediationSergey V.
Mikhalovsky, Dmitriy I. Shvetz, Nina M. Open'ko,
Vladimir V. Strelko and Stephen Waite
http//www.containment.fsu.edu/cd/content/pdf/225.
pdf

• Radionuclides in the Chernobyl zone (Polesye and
  Chernobyl districts). The experiments were
  carried out in 1997 - 2000.

Two radionuclides of special concern that were
released from Chernobyl and other similar
incidents are cesium-137 and strontium-90. These
two radionuclides are long-lived cesium-137 has
a half-life of 30 years and strontium-90 has a
half-life of 28 years
58
???? ???????? ???????????, ??????? ?????????
????????????

• Red maple (Acer rubrum)
• Liquidambar stryaciflua
• Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
• Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)
• Montery pine (Pinus radiata)

• Ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa)
• Forest redgum (Eucalyptus  tereticornis)
• Black spruce (Picea mariana)
• Oak  (Quercus)
• Juniper (Juniperus)

59
??????? ?? ??????????, ?????? ?????????
????????????

• Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)
• F. rubra
• Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
• White clover (Trifolium repens)
• Chickweed (Cerastium fontanum)
• Bentgrass (Agrostis plant communities)

• Redroot (Amaranthus retroflexus cv. belozernii,
  aureus, and Pt-95)
• Beet, quinoa, and Russian thistle
  (Chenopodiaceae)
• Umbelliferae and Legume family
• Spiderwort (Tradescantia bracteata) 

60
????????

• ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????, ????
  ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????????????
  ??????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ???????.

61
????????? ?????
62
????????

• ??? ???? ??????????? ?????? bahia grass
  (Paspalum notatum), johnson grass (Sorghum
  halpense), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
  (Entry et al., 1999) ???????????? ?????????
  ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????
  ???????? ????.
• ???? ??????????? ? ????? ????????? ????? Glomus
  mosseae ?? Glomus intraradices, ?? ????? 6
  ??????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??? 41.7 ?? 71.7
  ????? 137?s ?? ??? 42.0 - 88.7 ???????? 90Sr,
  ?? ????????? ? ??????, ????????? ? 26.3 - 45.5
  37?s ?? 23.8 -52.6 90Sr ??? ????, ???????????
  ????????.

63
?????? (Calluna vulgaris)

• ?????? (Calluna vulgaris) ? ?????????? ???????,
  ??? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????? ??????
  ???????????? ???????????? ? ??????? ????
  ????????? ? ?????? ?????????.
• ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????????????, ???
  ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????.
• ?? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ?? ?????????
  ????????.

64
?????? (Calluna vulgaris)

• ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????????
  ??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ????????, ?? ????????
  ??????? ??? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????. ??
  ?????????, ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????
  ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????, ??? ???????????
  ? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????, ??? ???????
  ????????? ?????.

65
????????????

• ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? Pinus
  ponderosa ?? Pinus radiata ?????? ?????????? ?
  ????????????? (????? ???????? ???????, ??? ??
  ?????????? ? ?????). ???? ??????? ??????
  ????????? Sr90 ? ?????? 6 ?????????????
  ?????????????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????
  ???????? 1 ?????? (Entry et al.,1994).

66

• ??????????? ??????
• ???????
• ??????????
• ????????????
• ?????????????? Festuca arundinacea

67
?????????????? Festuca arundinacea
Monitoring concentrations of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs)
68
???????? ?????????????? ?????????????

•           1.   ?????????? ?????????? ??????? in
  situ, ????? ??? ?????????? ??????
•   2. ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????
  ???????? ?????????? ? ??????????????
• 3. ?????????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ????????
  ????????? ????, ?? ???????? ???????????? ????????
  ??????????.

69
???????? ?????????????? ?????????????

• 1. ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????.
  ???, ?????????, ??? ???????? ?????? ??? 137Cs ??
  90Sr ???????? ??? 5 ?? 20 ?????, ??? ?????????
  ??????? ???????? (Entry et al.  1997 and 1999). 
• 2. ???????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??
  ???????? ?? ??????????? (Negri and Hinchman
  2000).  ??????, ?? ???????? ?????????????? ??????
  ????????? ??? 25 ?? 100 ?? ????? ?? ??? 0.60
  ?? 6 ?? 1000 ??????? ???? (Glass 2000). 
• 3. ?????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????
  ????? ??? ?????????? ??????????. 

70
Asparagus densiflora Sprengeri
71
Hedera Helix
72
Hemigraphis alternataa
73
Hoya carnosa
74
Asparagus densiflorus
75
Tradescantia pallida
76
??????? ???????, ?? ?????????????? ? ??????????
??????????????
Crassula portulacea . From succulent.chat.ru
Hedera helix L. From www.tom-garten.de/
77
??????? ???????, ?? ?????????????? ? ??????????
??????????????
Dracaena deremensis. From http//en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Dracaena_ deremensis
Spathiphyllum wallisii. From http//www.houseofpl
ants.co.uk/Spathiphyllum_wallisii_FL.htm
78
??????? ???????, ?? ?????????????? ? ??????????
??????????????
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. From http//en.wikipedia
.org/wiki/Kalanchoe_blossfeldiana
Chrysalidocarpus Lutescens. From http//www.aliba
ba.com/product-gs/51031628/Chrysalidocarpus_Lutesc
ens/showimage.html
79
??????? ???????, ?? ?????????????? ? ??????????
??????????????
Ficus_benjamina. From http//en.wikipedia.org/wik
i/Ficus_benjamina
Howea forsteriana. From staff.mcs.uts.edu.au
80
??????? ???????, ?? ?????????????? ? ??????????
??????????????
Crassula ovata
Chrysalidocarpus lutescens
81
??????? ???????, ?? ?????????????? ? ??????????
??????????????
Sansevieria trifasciata
Spathiphyllum wallisii
82
Hedera Helix
83
???????? ?? ???????? ??????????????

• ????????
• ?????? ????????
• ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????
  ????????

• ????????
• ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????
  ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????
• ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????
  ?????????????? ??????? ??????????
• ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????
  ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????.

84
It is a Mystery

• Why some plants are very effective at
  remediationwhile others show little promiseis a
  mystery. Thats one of the things we want to
  learn, explained Professor Stanley Kays in his
  interview to UGA News Service (February 11,
  2010).
• We also want to determine the species and number
  of plants needed in a house or office to
  neutralize the problem contaminants. Further
  research could help scientists refine the
  concept .

85
IN SITU ??????????????????

• ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????
  ?????????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????????
• ?????? ????????????? ????? in situ ??????????
  ??????, ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????
• ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????????
  ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????.