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IDEF 1X Concept AND ERwin Operation

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Title: IDEF 1X Concept AND ERwin Operation Author: liubin Last modified by: Created Date: 7/27/1999 4:38:49 PM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: IDEF 1X Concept AND ERwin Operation


1
??? ??????
???? ? ??????
???? ??????
2

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
3
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(No Transcript)
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6
??? ??????????
  • ????
  • ????(phylogeny)????????????
  • ?????(phylogenetics)???????????
  • ?????(phylogenetic tree)????,??????????

7
(No Transcript)
8
Willi Hennig (1913-1976) ?????(???)???
9
  • ???????
  • ??????????
  • ???????????????
  • ???????
  • ???????????????????
  • ????????????????
  • ??????????
  • ???DNA
  • ????????????????

10
?????????
???? (?????)
11
  • ???????
  • (1)????????,???????????????????????????????????
    ?
  • (2)??????????????,??????????
  • (3)?????????????????????????????

12
  • ??????????,????????????,????????????
  • ?????????
  • ????????

13
3?????????
  • (1)????
  • (2)??????
  • (3)???????
  • (4)???????

14
  • ????????
  • ?S(i,j)???i???j??????????

?????? ??Sr(i,j)???i?j??????????????,Smax(i,
j)??????? ?Sr(i,j)0 ???????????????,????
?????????
15
  • ????
  • ??
  • ????
  • ?????????
  • ??????DNA???????????????
  • ????????????????A?T?G?C

16
  • ???????????????
  • ?????????
  • ???????
  • ?????
  • Fitch-Margoliash?
  • ??????
  • ???????????
  • ?????
  • ?????
  • ?????
  • ?????

17
  • ???????????????????,?????????????????3??
  • (1)??????
  • ?????????,?????????????????
  • (2)??????
  • ???????????????????????,??????,?????
  • (3)?????????
  • ?????????????????????,???????

18
??? ??????????????
  • ?????
  • ?????????????,????????????????,??????????????????
    ???

19
10??????????
20
  • ?,???????,???????
  • dab 0.08
    dac
    0.45
  • dbc 0.43

??????,?? ??6.2???????
21
1??????
  • ????????T,??????????,?????????????????,??????
  • ??,Dij???i?j???????(??????????),dij???i?j????
    ??T ????,Wij????i?j??????SSQ(T)??T????????????????
    ????Wij???1,?
  • Wij 1/
    Dij2

22
2???????
  • ???????????
  • ??????????,????????(??????????)
  • ???????????????????

????? d(x,u)min(d(y,u),d(z,u)) ??????
d(x,u)max(d(y,u),d(z,u)) ??????
d(x,u)1/2(d(y,u)d(z,u)) ??x??y?z???,u?????????
23
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24
3?????????(Unweighted Pair Group Method with
Arithmetic mean, UPGMA)
  • ??????????,?????????????????????????
  • ?????????????,????????????????????????,????????
    ?,??????????????
  • ??????????,??????????????????????????????????????
    ?

25
UPGMA????????? (1) ????????????,???n???,??????n?
?,???????1,???n????????? (2)?????? l  ????????D
ij????i?j????????(ij) l  ??i?j?????
(ij),????????,?i ?j ???(ij),??????Dij/2 l  ??????
??????    ??ni?nj?(ninj)???i??j??(ij)?????? l  
   ??????????i??j??????,??(ij)???????
????,??????????
26
(No Transcript)
27
4??????
  • ????
  • ????????,?????????????,?????????????????
  • ??????????????????,??????????????,???????????????
    ????,?????????????,????????????
  • ???????, ??????????

28
????????,???????????????????i,????????ui
??????? ui ?k?i(Dik/(n-2)) ??Dik???i???
k????? ??Dij-ui-uj???????i ???j ????
29
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  • ????
  • (1)???(?UPGMA??)
  • (2)??
  • ?????????i,??ui ?k?I (Dik/(n-2))
  • ????????i ?j ,?Dij-ui-uj??
  • ?i?j?????? (ij),???????????,????????,???i?j???
    ??????
  • di,(ij) 1/2Di,j 1/2(ui-uj), dj,(ij)
    1/2Di,j 1/2(uj-ui)
  • ???????????
  • D(ij),k 1/2(Di,k Dj,k - Di,j)
  • ????i?j,???? (ij)
  • ????????????,?????????????Di,j??????????? ?

31
(No Transcript)
32
?6.7 ????????????????
33
(No Transcript)
34
??? ??????????????
  • ????
  • ??n???
  • m??????????
  • ???????????
  • ??????????,???????????

35
  • ?????nm?????M
  • ??????????????????,?????????????????
  • ??,?????????,???????????,?????

36
1??????
?? ??????????????????????? ???????????? ???????
??????????????????????????
37
(No Transcript)
38
?????????? (1)????????,???????????????????????,??
???????,?????????DNA??????? (2)??????,?????????,?
???????????? (3)???????????(???????????),????????
??,?????????????????,?????????
39
?????????T ????????V(T)??, ????E(T),
?uj?vj??????u?v??j???, ??T????
40
???Fitch?? ????????????,???????v,??vc????????????
?????? (1) ?????v??????Sv??v???? ,?Sv
vc??v?????,??u?w?????,??Su?Sw ??,?Sv
Su?Sw?? S(v)Su?Sw ????????????,????????????????
,????????????????? (2)????Sv,???????v???c???vc???v
??????u??uc?Sv,??uc??vc,??????t?Sv??vc????????????
????????,??????,???????,??????????????????????????
??
41
(No Transcript)
42
2??????
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • ?????????,?????????M(M???)
  • ? ?????,??P(MT)??,

43
(No Transcript)
44
3??????
?????????????????(compatibility),?????????????? ??
?,??????????? ??????????????????,??????????????,??
???????
45
?S???????? T???S?????? ???????????????????,????T??
????,???????????T?????
46
(No Transcript)
47
  • ?????????
  • ???????????,????????????????????
  • ??
  • ??????????(??)????????
  • ????????????????????????????????
  • ????
  • ????

48
(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
50
  • ??????????????
  • ?????
  • ???????
  • ?????,?????
  • ???????????
  • ????????????
  • ?????????
  • ????????????
  • ?????????
  • ??????????????
  • ??????(pathway)???

51
(No Transcript)
52
(No Transcript)
53
??????????
  • (1) PHYLIP
  • (2) PAUP
  • (3) TREE-PUZZLE
  • (4) MEGA
  • (5) PAML
  • (6) TreeView
  • (7) VOSTORG
  • (8) Fitch programs
  • (9) Phylo_win
  • (10) ARB
  • (11) DAMBE
  • (12) PAL
  • (13) Bionumerics
  • ?????
  • http//evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip/so
    ftware.html

54
????????
  • ?????
  • 13?????????????
  • (1)??????
  • (2)???????

55
(No Transcript)
56
  • ?????????????????,???????????????????????????????

57
(No Transcript)
58
  • SARS?????????
  • SARS??????????????????
  • ?????
  • RNA?????(???1a, 1b)
  • S??(spike protein)
  • E??(membrane protein)
  • N??(nucleocapsid protein)??
  • ???????

59
SARS?????????????????,?????????????
60
(No Transcript)
61
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