PhD proposal

1
Spring 2011 ES407 Senior Seminar New Approaches
to Geomorphic Analysis of Cinder Cones at
Newberry Volcano
Jody Coyote Becker, Kelsii Crusher Dana, Dan
Ger Dziekan, Ricky Flicky Fletcher, Bill W.
Vreeland, Steve Dr. Taylor
2

• Introduction (Taylor)
• Physiographic Setting (Fletcher)
• Tectonic Setting (Vreeland Dziekan)
• Geologic History (Becker Dana)
• The Cinder Cone Problem / Previous Work
  (Taylor)
• Cinder Cone Methodology
• Cone Age-Morphology Concept (Fletcher Dziekan)
• Structural Cone Emplacement (Becker)
• Cinder Cone Alignment (Vreeland)
• Lidar-Based Elevation Models (Dana)
• New Research / Pilot Testing with LIDAR Data
• Cinder Cone Drainage Density vs. Age (Becker)
• Modified Two-Point Analysis (Vreeland)
• Newberry Glacial Hypothesis (Fletcher)
• Lava Flow Margin Mapping with Lidar (Dana)
• Summary and Future Research (Taylor)

3
INTRODUCTION Steve Taylor
4
Cascade Volcanic Arc
Linear chain of volcanoes extending from southern
British Columbia through Washington and Oregon
into northern California
WOU
Bend

• Newberry Volcano
• 56 km east of Cascade Crest
• 40 km south of Bend, Oregon

5
History of Newberry Work at Western Oregon
University
2000-Present WOU Class Field Trips and
Contextual Learning Modules 2000 Friends of the
Pleistocene Field Trip to Newberry
Volcano 2002-2003 GIS Compilation and
Digitization of Newberry Geologic Map (after
MacLeod and others, 1995) 2003 Giles and
others, Digital Geologic Map (GSA Fall
Meeting) 2003 Taylor and others, Cinder Cone
Volume and Morphometric Analysis I (GSA Fall
Meeting) 2005 Taylor and others, Spatial
Analysis of Cinder Cone Distribution II (GSA
Fall Meeting) 2007 Taylor and others, Synthesis
of Cinder Cone Morphometric and Spatial
Analyses (GSA Cordilleran Section
Meeting) 2001-Present Templeton, Petrology and
Volcanology of Pleistocene Ash- flow Tuffs (GSA
Cordilleran Section Meeting 2004 Oregon
Academy of Science, 2007 Am. Geophys. Union,
2010) 2010-2011 Newberry LIDAR Elevation Data
Available ES407 Senior Seminar Pilot Tests
Next Generation Research Strategies on Cinder
Cones Updated Literature Review
6
PHYSIOGRAPHIC SETTINGRick Fletcher
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
Newberry Volcano, South View from Lava Butte
Lookout
Basaltic Aa Lava Flow fromLava Butte 7000 yrs
BP
10
Newberry Volcano, View to S-SE from Paulina Peak
Lookout
High Lava Plains
Fort Rock (Tuff Ring)
Basin and Range
Newberry Cinder Cones
11
Newberry Volcano, View to West towards High
Cascades from Paulina Peak Lookout
South Sister
Broken Top
Middle Sister
12
Newberry Volcano, View into Summit Caldera from
Paulina Peak
Paulina Lake
East Lake
13
TECTONIC SETTINGDan Dziekan and Bill Vreeland
14

• Arc Volcanoes related
• to Cascadia Subduction Zone
• Juan de Fuca plate thrust
• beneath North American plate

15
Magma Source in Subduction Zone
Fore Arc
Back Arc
7 0 Ma
35 7 Ma
High Cascades
Newberry Position
Western Cascades
Decreasing Slab Dip
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
GEOLOGIC HISTORYJody Becker and Kelsii Dana
19

• Overview of Newberry Volcano
• Shield-shaped composite volcano
• N-S orientation, 64 km x 40 km
• Total Area gt 1300 km2
• Summit Caldera Area 44 km2
• Elevation 1300 m 2400 m Relief 1100 m
• Composition Basalt to Rhyolite
• Estimated Volume 460 km3
• gt400 cinder cones and fissure vents
• Quaternary in Age
• Less than 500,000 yrs old
• Holocene activity 10,000 1200 yrs BP
• One of largest U.S. Quaternary volcanoes
• Historic Annual Precipitation 30 in/yr

20
Regional Geology

• Oregon-Idaho
• Paleozoic-Mesozoic oceanic volcanic arcs
• Accretionary complexes
• Basinal successions

• Cenozoic volcanism
• Ignimbrite sweep
• Flood basalts
• Bimodal (modern)
• High Lava Plains
• Snake River Plain

21
Regional Volcanism

• Two migrating tracks
• NE along Snake River Plain toward Yellowstone
• WNW along High Lava Plains (Newberry)
• Indicated link between High Lava Plains and
  Cascades volcanism
• Increased output
• Isotopic similarities
• Merging structures

22
Geology after Walker and MacLeod (1991)
Isochrons in 1 m.y. increments (after MacLeod and
others, 1976)
23
(No Transcript)
24
Central Pumice Cone 7200 yrs BP
Big Obsidian Flow 1250 yrs BP
East Lake
25
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMSteve Taylor
GEOMORPHIC ANALYSIS OF CINDER CONES
26
Cinder Cone Research Questions Are there
morphologic groupings of 400 cinder cones at
Newberry? Can they be quantitatively
documented? Are morphologic groupings associated
with age and state of erosional degradation? Are
there spatial patterns associated with the
frequency, occurrence, and volume of cinder
cones? Are there spatial alignment patterns?
Can they be statistically documented? Do
regional stress fields and fault mechanics
control the emplacement of cinder cones at
Newberry volcano?
27
Lava Butte Cone and Aa Flow 7000 yrs BP
(post-Mazama)
Ash Pumice
28
Southeast Cinder Cone Field
29
Existing Methodology

• Digital Geologic Map Compilation / GIS of
  Newberry Volcano (after McLeod and others, 1995)
• GIS analysis of USGS 10-m DEMs
• Phase 1 Single Cones/Vents (n 182)
• Phase 2 Composite Cones/Vents (n 165)
• Morphometric analyses
• Cone Relief, Slope, Height/Width Ratio
• Morphometric Classification
• Volumetric Analyses
• Cone Volume Modeling
• Volume Distribution Analysis
• Cone Alignment Analysis
• Two-point Line Azimuth Distribution
• Comparative Monte Carlo Modeling (Random vs.
  Actual)