Succession: How does biodiversity occur?

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Exam 4 W 4/23 in class (bring cheat
sheet) Review T 4/22 at 5pm in WEL 1.316
SuccessionHow does biodiversity occur?
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CB 55.2
Genetic Diversity
Biodiversity- number of species within an area
Ecosystem Diversity
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CB50.19
Ecosystems on Earth
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Primary Succession- the first organisms to
colonize bare rock Secondary Succession- recovery
from a disturbance
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Primary Succession- from non-living to living
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CB 53.23
Primary succession as this glacier retreats
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Primary Successionafter glacier retreat,150-300
years
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Primary Succession each stage helps enable the
next
CB 53.24
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Primary succession after a volcanic eruption
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2
3
5
4
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CB 53.2
Competition limits where species can live
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CB 53.2
niche- the specific environment where a species
lives
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Tree species existing in different niches
CB 53.3
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CB 53.22
Secondary Succession after a fire
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CB 53.21
Grassland biodiversity and biomass are increased
by regular burns
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Secondary Succession of a field(20 yrs)
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Human vs Natural Disturbances
CB 55.21
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Chernobyl fireApril 26, 1986
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The Chernobyl accident was by far the largest
unintentional release of radioactive material
into the environment and caused widespread
contamination in Europe.
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After the accident on April 26, 1986, 116,000
people were evacuated, most from a zone of 30-km
radius. That included about 45,000 people from
the town of Pripyat.
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The most heavily exposed emergency workers
received doses that were sufficiently high to
kill them in the weeks and months after the
accident.
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Chernobyl April 26, 1986 Cancer consequences of
the Chernobyl accident 20 years on J.
Radiological Protection 26 (2006)
127140 Elisabeth Cardis et al.
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Mitosis
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Cancer Cell Division Gone Wrong
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(No Transcript)
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The rapidity of increased childhood thyroid
cancer in the heavily contaminated areas of
Belarus, Ukraine and Russia was surprising.
4 years
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The issue of the effects on health of the
Chernobyl accident has become part of the
political debate over the future role of nuclear
energy, which has inevitably led to dispute over
the level of effects either observed or
anticipated.
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After the accident on April 26, 1986, 116,000
people were evacuated, most from a zone of 30-km
radius. That included about 45,000 people from
the town of Pripyat.
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(No Transcript)
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For more pictures http//www.nikongear.com/Chern
obyl/Chernobyl_1.htm
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What about non-human inhabitants?
turtle in exclusion zone
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The 30-km radius exclusion zone
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Initially many animals died from the huge doses
of radiation they received.
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The red color of withered pine needles earned one
large area near the reactor the name Red
Forest. "Now it is not the Red Forest but a real
green forest, due to growing birch trees," said
Sergey Gaschak from the International
Radioecology Laboratory in Kiev, Ukraine.
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Many human tragedies have been a boon for native
animal species
http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImage
s/images.php3?img_id15362
Science v. 269 pg. 304 7/21/1995
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Korean DMZ Among the species making their homes
in the DMZ are endangered Asian cranes,
black-faced spoonbills, angora goats, Amur
leopards, and even bears.
http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImage
s/images.php3?img_id15362
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Savanah River nuclear site in Georgiaforest
remnant
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A herd of Przewalski's horses roams Ukraine's
Chernobyl exclusion zone.
http//news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/04/04
26_060426_chernobyl.html
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And in the towns where humans have moved out,
plants and animals have moved in.
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Background radiation levels near the Chernobyl
reactor are 3000 times higher than near the
Savannah River nuclear reactor
Science v. 269 pg. 304 7/21/1995
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Late last year Moller and Mousseau published a
paper in the Journal of Animal Ecology showing
that reproductive rates and annual survival rates
are much lower in the Chernobyl birds than in
control populations.
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"In Italy around 40 percent of the barn swallows
return each year, whereas the annual survival
rate is 15 percent or less for Chernobyl.
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Mutation isn't the only adverse effect of the
radiation. Working in the Red Forest area, James
Morris, a USC biologist, has observed some trees
with very strange twisted shapes. The radiation,
he says, is confusing the hormone signal that the
trees use to determine which direction to
grow. "These trees are having a terrible time
knowing which way is up," Morris said.
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Unusual growth in Red Forest pine trees
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The most recent count by the authorities showed
that the zone (including a larger contaminated
area in neighbouring Belarus) is home to 66
different species of mammals, including 7,000
wild boar, 600 wolves, 3,000 deer, 1,500 beavers,
1,200 foxes, 15 lynx and several thousand
elk. The area is also estimated to be home to
280 species of birds, many of them rare and
endangered. Breeding birds include the rare green
crane, black stork, white-tailed sea eagle and
fish hawk.
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But Mousseau is less optimistic. "One of the
great ironies of this particular tragedy is that
many animals are doing considerably better than
when the humans were there," he said. "But it
would be a mistake to conclude they are doing
better than in a control area. We just don't know
what is normal for Chernobyl. There just
haven't been enough scientific studies done."
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Exam 4 W 4/23 in class (bring cheat
sheet) Review T 4/22 at 5pm in WEL 1.316